2 The Constitutional Crisis of 1983

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee HP
Keyword(s):  
National Interest ◽  
The State ◽  
Federal Legislation ◽  
State Legislation ◽  
Federal Constitution ◽  
The Government

This chapter examines the constitutional crisis of 1983, which focused on the King’s power to assent to legislation in relation to federal legislation and on the State Rulers’ equivalent power in relation to State legislation. The crisis should be viewed while considering that amendments to the Federal Constitution are common in Malaysia. However, intense national interest was generated by the refusal of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Sultan Ahmad Shah, to assent to the Constitution (Amendment) Bill 1983. What was the significance of the 1983 Amendment Bill? What were the motives of the government in mooting the amendments? The chapter reviews the chain of events and clarifies many of the constitutional issues that were clouded by the confrontation between the dissenting parties.

ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH INDONESIA ATAS MORATORIUM TENAGA KERJA INDONESIA KE TIMUR TENGAH PADA TAHUN 2015

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Dhiu ◽  
Ardli Johan Kusuma
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
National Interest ◽  
The State ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
East Region ◽  
The Government ◽  
Middle East Region

ABSTRACTThe Existance of Indonesian Workers in the Middle East, is very beneficial in terms of foreign exchange earnings. Despite the high rate of remittances generated, the Indonesian government must also implement a moratorium on migrant workers sending policies to the Middle East in 2015, which is feared that this could cause a reduction in the amount of remittances, secifically for the Middle East region. Here, the writer will discuss in dept why the government should carry out the moratorium policy of migrant workers to the Middle East in 2015, while the gorvernment  also know that the existance of the overseas migrant workers woud benefit economically. The writer see that, as the main actor, the state is obliged to provide protection for all its citizens whwrever they are.Keywords: Indonesia Workers, Moratorium, National Interest, Protecting Citizens. ABSTRAKKeberadaan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia di Timur Tengah, sangatlah menguntungkan dalam hal pendapatan devisa. Dibalik tingginya angka remitansi yang dihasilkan, namun pemerintah Indonesia juga harus menerapkan kebijakan moratorium pengiriman TKI ke Timur Tengah Tahun 2015, yang mana kebijakan tersebut dikhawatirkan dapat menyebabkan penurunan jumlah remitansi, secara khusus untuk kawasan Timur Tengah. Di sini, penulis akan membahas secara mendalam mengapa pemerintah harus melakukan kebijakan moratorius TKI ke Timur tengah Tahun 2015, sedangkan pemerintah juga tahu bahwa keberadaan TKI luar negeri tentu memberi keuntungan secara ekonomi. Penulis menggunakan sudut pandang realisme, dengan memakai teori kepentingan nasional, sehingga akan dibahas secara  mendalam terkait permasalahan yang ada. Dalam penelitian tersebut, penulis melihat bahwa, sebagai aktor utama, negara wajib memberikan perlindungan bagi seluruh warga negaranya di mana pun berada.Kata Kunci: Tenaga Kerja Indonesia, Moratorium, Kepentingan Nasional, Melindungi Warga Negara.

The Crisis of the 1780s

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-73
Author(s):  
Gordon S. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
State Legislatures ◽  
The State ◽  
Great Power ◽  
State Legislation ◽  
State Constitutions ◽  
Paper Money ◽  
Federal Constitution

This chapter describes the crisis that led to the calling of the convention that created the federal Constitution in 1787. Although the Articles of Confederation that united the thirteen states lacked the powers to tax and regulate trade, the country was not doing too badly economically or demographically. But the state legislatures were abusing the great power that had been granted to them in the revolutionary state constitutions and tending to ran amuck. The multiplicity, mutability, and injustice of state legislation, especially with the printing of paper money, led reformers to use the weakness of the Confederation as a cover to scrap the Articles and to create an entirely new and powerful central government.

scholarly journals Amandemen Terhadap Pasal 11 Undang - Undang Dasar 1945 Berkaitan Dengan Ratifikasi Perjanjian Internasional

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-88
Author(s):  
Delfina Gusman ◽  
Zimtya Zora
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
National Interest ◽  
The State ◽  
International Agreement ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
Financial Losses

Indonesia cannot close eyes that cooperation with other countries is needed .Different interests and the source of the power possessed make the state independent of one another .Cooperation between countries can occurred in agreed to an international agreement .The national interest and public interest broad should be included in International Agreement to other countries , do not get international treaties approved by the government torment the people. Hence , legal basis international treaties in Indonesia must be clear and firmly , to avoid possible in the practice of especially with regard to the ratification of a treaty. Do not get obscurity legal basis cause financial losses for the state especially the people

scholarly journals A Responsabilidade Objetiva do Estado versus o ato Realizado por seu Agente Público e sua Consequente Responsabilização na Área Cível

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Imperatori ◽  
Ana Christina Konrad ◽  
Valmir De Souza ◽  
Odorico Konrad
Keyword(s):  
Strict Liability ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Official ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Federal Constitution ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
Montanuniversität Leoben

A RESPONSABILIDADE OBJETIVA DO ESTADO VERSUS O ATO REALIZADO POR SEU AGENTE PÚBLICO E SUA CONSEQUENTE RESPONSABILIZAÇÃO NA ÁREA CÍVEL  THE STRICT RESPONSIBILITY OF THE GOVERNMENT VERSUS THE ACT PERFORMED BY ITS PUBLIC AGENT AND ITS CONSEQUENT LIABILITY IN THE CIVIL AREA  Tiago Imperatori*Ana Christina Konrad**Valmir de Souza***Odorico Konrad****  RESUMO: Este artigo tem como objetivo fazer uma análise das possibilidades de o Estado não vir a ser condenado ou, em sendo, ter o direito de regresso pelo ato cometido por seu agente. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, realizada por meio de método dedutivo, levantamento bibliográfico e documental. Dessa forma, as reflexões partem de um resgate evolutivo acerca da história da responsabilidade desde os tempos primórdios até os dias atuais. Em seguida, faz-se um estudo direcionado à responsabilidade civil do Estado para que, finalmente, seja analisada a responsabilidade civil subjetiva do agente público sobre o dano gerado, capaz de afastar a responsabilidade objetiva do Estado. Assim, somente a análise criteriosa é que poderá conduzir a conclusão de que, nos casos em, que o agente público agir com dolo ou culpa, poderá o Estado vir a não ser condenado ou, em sendo, ter a sua responsabilidade minimizada diante da atuação de seu agente. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Responsabilidade Civil. Estado. Agente público. Art. 37, §6º da Constituição Federal. Danos Morais e Materiais. ABSTRACT: This article aims to analyze the possibilities of the state not be condemned or, in being, have the right of return for the act committed by his agent. This is a qualitative study conducted by the deductive method and survey bibliographic and documentary. Thus, the reflections are a rescue about the evolutionary history of responsibility from the earliest times to the present day. Then it is a study directed to liability of the State to finally be analyzed subjective liability about the damage generated, capable of removing the strict liability of the State. Thus, only a careful analysis is that may lead to the conclusion that, in cases in which the public official to act with malice or negligence, the State can not continue to be condemned, or in being, have minimized their responsibility before the performance of his agent. KEYWORDS: Liability. State. Public official. Article 37, § 6º of Federal Constitution. Moral and Material Damages.  SUMÁRIO: Introdução. 1. Responsabilidade Civil e suas Espécies. 1.1 Elementos da Responsabilidade Civil. 1.2 Causas que Rompem o Nexo de Causalidade. 2 Responsabilidade Civil do Estado. 2.1 Evolução Histórica. 2.2 Atos Comissivos e Atos Omissivos. 2.3 Responsabilidades Subjetiva e Objetiva do Estado. 3 Discussão acerca da Temática Proposta. 3.1 Teoria do Risco Administrativo. 3.2 Abordagem Referente ao Artigo 37, §6º, CF. 3.3 Sujeitos Passivos: Estado e Agentes Públicos. 3.4 Responsabilidade Subsidiária e a Denunciação à Lide. Considerações Finais. Referências.* Especialista em Direito Público pela Universidade Uniderp Anhanguera, São Paulo. Graduado em Direito pelo Centro Universitário Univates, Rio Grande do Sul.** Mestranda do Programa de Pós-Graduação do Centro Universitário Univates, Rio Grande do Sul. Pesquisadora bolsista do Programa de Suporte à Pós-Graduação de Instituições de Ensino Particular (PROSUP/CAPES).*** Doutor em Ambiente e Desenvolvimento pelo Centro Universitário Univates, Rio Grande do Sul. Mestre em Desenvolvimento Regional e Agronegócio pela Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Paraná. Professor do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Segurança Pública e Cidadania da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE) e do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gestão e Auditoria Ambiental da Faculdade Sul Brasil (FASUL), Paraná.**** Doutor em Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária pela Montanuniversität Leoben, Áustria. Professor do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Segurança do Trabalho do Centro Universitário Univates, Rio Grande do Sul.

scholarly journals Competence of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the sphere of tourism: the state of legal regulation and prospects for development in light of the new Strategy

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-36
Author(s):  
Irina Aleksandrovna Chebotareva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Authority ◽  
Federal Legislation ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government

The subject of this research is the federal legislation establishing competence of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the sphere of tourism. With passing of the Strategy for the Development of Tourism until 2035 by the government of the Russian Federation, and the corresponded change in the paradigm of the national tourism policy, the question on the nature and the extent of participation of the branches of public authority of various levels in its realization gains special importance. Its solution is exacerbated by the fact that tourism as a phenomenon affects different spheres public life. Therefore, it objectively serves as the subject of legal regulation of the acts of various branches of legislation, thus in one way or another, relates to majority of the subject of jurisdiction of all levels of public authority. This article is dedicated to the analysis of the state and forecast of the key trends of development of federal legislation establishing authority of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the sphere of tourism due to the coming enactment of the new Strategy for the development of tourism. The conducted research allowed the author to substantiate the inadequacy of the regulation of the authority of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the sphere of tourism by the Federal Law “On the Fundamentals of Tourism Activity in the Russian Federation”, as well as indicate the gaps therein; outline other legislative sources of competence of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the sphere of tourism; determine the factors of differentiation of the legal regulation of tourism as a subject of shared jurisdiction of the Federation and its constituents; signify the problems of legal formalization of the competence of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and formulate proposals for their solution. Additionally, this article is first to subject the Strategy for the Development of Tourism until 2035 to legal assessment from the positions of competence of the Russian Federation constituents, underlining narrow avenues of its implementation from the perspective of current legislation.

Some aspects of the idea of unity V. Solovyov and the present

2000 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
O. O. Romanovsky
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
National Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
The Government ◽  
The University ◽  
Temporary Closure

In the second half of the nineteenth century, the nature of the national policy of Russia is significantly changing. After the events of 1863 in Poland (the Second Polish uprising), the government of Alexander II gradually abandoned the dominant idea of ​​anathematizing, whose essence is expressed in the domination of the principle of serving the state, the greatness of the empire. The tsar-reformer deliberately changes the policy of etatamism into the policy of state ethnocentrism. The manifestation of such a change is a ban on teaching in Polish (1869) and the temporary closure of the University of Warsaw. At the end of the 60s, the state's policy towards a five million Russian Jewry was radically revised. The process of abolition of restrictions on travel, education, place of residence initiated by Nicholas I, was provided reverse.

Russia in 2000-2004: Heading towards State Capitalism?

2004 ◽  
pp. 42-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Radygin
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Private Business ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
State Capitalism ◽  
The Government

The paper deals with one of the characteristic trends of the 2000s, that is, the government's property expansion. It is accompanied by attempts to consolidate economic structures controlled by the state and state-owned stock packages and unitary enterprises under the aegis of holdings. Besides the government practices selective severe enforcement actions against a number of the largest private companies, strengthens its control over companies with mixed capital and establishes certain informal procedures of relationships between private business and the state. The author examines the YUKOS case and the business community's actual capacity to protect its interests. One can argue that in all likelihood the trend to the 'state capitalism' in its specific Russian variant has become clearer over 2003-2004.

Transiting into Singaporean identity: Immigration and naturalisation policy

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathews Mathew ◽  
Debbie Soon
Keyword(s):  
Manpower Planning ◽  
The State ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Policy Discourse ◽  
Optimal Composition ◽  
Skilled Labour ◽  
Planning Policy ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Ideal

Debates in Singapore about immigration and naturalisation policy have escalated substantially since 2008 when the government allowed an unprecedentedly large number of immigrants into the country. This essay will discuss immigration and naturalisation policy in Singapore and the tensions that have been evoked, and how these policies are a key tool in regulating the optimal composition and size of the population for the state’s imperatives. It will demonstrate that although the state has, as part of its broader economic and manpower planning policy to import labour for economic objectives, it seeks to retain only skilled labour with an exclusive form of citizenship.  Even as the Singapore state has made its form of citizenship even more exclusive by reducing the benefits that non-citizens receive, its programmes for naturalising those who make the cut to become citizens which include the recently created Singapore Citizenship Journey (SCJ) is by no means burdensome from a comparative perspective. This paper examines policy discourse and the key symbols and narratives provided at naturalisation events and demonstrates how these are used to evoke the sense of the ideal citizen among new Singaporeans. 

Blockchain technologies and their application in governmentadministration

2019 ◽  
pp. 182-190
Author(s):  
Myroslav Kosіak ◽  
Inna Kosіak
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Property Insurance ◽  
Data Registration ◽  
State Management ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
The Government ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Methods Analytical

The purpose of the article. The article considers the Blockchain technology asan innovative tool. In particular, the essence and background of the developmentof blocks, the principles and specifics of the functioning of the system, as well asthe scheme of its work, are determined. The article presents the prospects forusingdistributed registry technologies (blockchain) in various socioeconomic spheresrelated to state administration. Provided examples and forecasts of the use ofblockchain technologies in the provision of state and municipal services forindividuals and legal entities in the following areas: formation of a unified registercontaining the history of the placement of the state, municipal order, as well asprocurement of corporations with state participation and / or control; registers ofdocuments (diplomas, certificates, lost and disavowed passports, policies for movableand immovable property insurance, health, etc.); database of court decisions andexecutive proceedings; public participation portals for citizens of Ukraine district- city – country. The fact that the blockchain technology is, first of all, theprinciples, and not the only possible way of implementing them, allows us to counton maximum openness and multivariate application in a dynamically changingchanging«digital world». Methodology. The research methodology is to use a combinationof methods: analytical, historical, comparative. The scientific novelty. The priorityof state blockchain systems introduction in stationary and distant voting, distributeddocument circulation, medical data registration, land resources registration,electronic auctions (auctions) in Ukraine was grounded. Conclusions. Already today,blockchain systems can change the role and participation of citizens in the conductof the state-management process, by raising the responsibility level, from thetransparent will expression in the elections to regulating the government serviceactivity in the society’s digitization conditions. The main advantages blockchainsystems using by public authorities that will increase the level of citizens trust todigital technologies using in general, namely: reliability and reliability of datastorage, transparency of transactions and virtually absolute protection of informationfrom distortion and unauthorized removal (relocation), are determined. In furtherscientific research it is proposed to consider the promising areas of the blockchaindigital technology usage: service activities of public authorities, legal proceedings,property rights management, implementation of migration control, verification ofgoods and services, registration of data on passing qualifying tests, patenting,intellectual property, digital identification, logistics , taxation, accounting ofbudget funds movement.

Hukum Denda dalam Keuangan Publik Islam di Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-328
Author(s):  
Fathul Aminudin Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Mutual Benefit ◽  
State Budget ◽  
The People ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government

Fines are sanctions or punishments that are applied in the form of the obligation to pay a sum of money imposed on the denial of a number of agreements previously agreed upon. There is debate over the status of fines in Islamic law. Some argue that fines may not be used, and some argue that they may be used. In the context of fines for delays in payment of taxes, in fiqh law it can be analogous to ta'zir bi al-tamlīk (punishment for ownership). This can be justified if the tax obligations have met the requirements. Whereas according to Islamic teachings, fines can be categorized as acts in order to obey government orders as taught in the hadith, and in order to contribute to the realization of mutual benefit in the life of the state. As for the amount of the fine, the government cannot arbitrarily determine fines that are too large to burden the people. Penalties are applied as a message of reprimand and as a means to cover the lack of the state budget.

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