Introduction to Preadolescent Depression

2018 ◽  
pp. 3-22
Author(s):  
Laura J. Dietz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Recurrent Depression ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Interpersonal Risk ◽  
Target Family ◽  
Family Based

Chapter 1 of Family-based Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Depressed Preadolescents discusses preadolescent depression. Marked interpersonal impairment has been associated with depression in preadolescents and appears to be one of the mechanisms for recurrent depression in adolescence and adulthood. Depressed preadolescents experience frequent negative interactions and more distant relationships with parents, as well as more problematic and fewer close peer relationships. Preadolescent depression not only interferes with normative social development at a formative period but also results in residual impairments in interpersonal functioning, which may increase their risk for recurrent depression into adolescence and adulthood. Effective interventions for depression in the preadolescent period that target family and interpersonal risk factors may reduce risk for depression recurrence in adolescence.

Empirical Evidence for FB-IPT

2018 ◽  
pp. 271-282
Author(s):  
Laura J. Dietz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Developmentally Appropriate ◽  
Interpersonal Psychotherapy ◽  
Recurrent Depression ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Interpersonal Risk ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Support Family

Chapter 19 of Family-based Interpersonal Psychotherapy (FB-IPT) for Depressed Preadolescents reviews the results of author-led trials that support family-based interpersonal psychotherapy (FB-IPT) as an efficacious psychotherapy for increasing remission from MDD and decreasing preadolescents’ comorbid anxiety and interpersonal impairment. This chapter also emphasizes that psychotherapy for preadolescents with depression presents an opportunity to reduce family and interpersonal risk factors that may increase the likelihood of recurrent depression in adolescence, and highlights FB-IPT as meeting a need for a developmentally appropriate treatment especially for preadolescents experiencing depression. Future directions for additional research and studies on implementing and disseminating FB-IPT to community-based agencies are also outlined.

Family-based Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Depressed Preadolescents

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura J. Dietz ◽  
Laura Mufson ◽  
Rebecca B. Weinberg
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Psychotherapy ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Psychosocial Treatment ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Recurrent Depression ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Interpersonal Model

Family-based Interpersonal Psychotherapy (FB-IPT) for Depressed Preadolescents presents the rationale and basic principles for interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) and for interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents (IPT-A), a developmental adaptation that is designed to treat adolescents, ages 12 to 18 years, with depression. The heart of this book introduces family-based interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed preadolescents (FB-IPT), a psychosocial treatment for preadolescent depression for children between 7 and 12 years. FB-IPT is conceptually rooted in an interpersonal model of depression and in developmental research on the antecedents of depression in youth. FB-IPT focuses on improving two domains of interpersonal impairment in depressed preadolescents—parent–child conflict and peer impairment—as a means to decrease preadolescents’ depressive symptoms. Stronger interpersonal skills and relationships buffer depressed preadolescents from stressors that arise during this important developmental period. Research shows that preadolescent depression is an important public health concern because it is often a gateway condition that increases the risk for recurrent depression in adolescence. Preteen depression not only interferes with normative social development at a formative period but also results in residual impairments in interpersonal functioning, which may increase risk for recurrent depression into adolescence and adulthood. Effective interventions for depression in the preadolescent period that target family and interpersonal risk factors may reduce risk for depression recurrence in adolescence. Chapters 5 through 17 of this Therapist Guide describe in detail the steps for conducting FB-IPT with depressed preadolescents and their parents.

Living Well to Keep Your Pressure Down

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda B. Bobroff
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Living Well ◽  
Heart Work ◽  
Major Revision ◽  
Reduce Risk

High blood pressure, or hypertension, can cause serious health problems. It makes your heart work harder and can damage your blood vessels even if you feel okay. Everyone should have their blood pressure checked regularly. If you have certain risk factors, you are more likely to have high blood pressure. This 6-page fact sheet is a major revision that discusses risk factors and ways to reduce risk.

Ergonomic Process Improvement for Mapping Risk and Identifying Key Interventions for Eliminating Injuries from Needles and Sharps in the OR

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 716-720
Author(s):  
Pramila Kalaga ◽  
Barbara Wolford ◽  
Matthew Mormino ◽  
Timothy Kingston ◽  
Julie Fedderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Process Improvement ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Physical Workload ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Sharps Injury

The risk of a needle stick or sharps injury in the operating room (OR) is high due to conditions such as minimal physical protective measures, frequent transfer of sharps, and reliance on human attention and skill for injury avoidance. An ergonomic process improvement project was initiated at a large metro teaching hospital to identify ergonomic risk factors for these OR injuries. To maximize the engagement of the front- end users, an ergonomic process improvement (EPI) team was developed, consisting of representatives from participating OR teams, an employee health nurse and two ergonomists. Surveys, observations, and interviews were conducted to quantify injury risk for the OR teams, evaluate barriers to best practice adherence, and identify opportunities for targeted interventions. Risk mapping was completed for the surgeons, surgical techs and OR nurses identifying double gloving and safe passing zone as areas in need of improvement. Through observation and interviews, researchers identified physical factors relating to musculoskeletal pain and cognitive factors leading to distractions as safety risk concerns. The overall success of the EPI was the engagement of the OR teams and surgeons in the process of identifying risk factors and potential opportunities for ergonomic solutions related to cognitive workload, physical workload, teamwork, and work design for injury prevention. The risk factors identified will provide the basis for developing targeted, effective interventions for eliminating injuries from needles and sharps within the OR.

Shared genetic architecture across psychiatric disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Grotzinger
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Symptom Level ◽  
Genetic Level ◽  
Genetic Signal ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Shared Genetic

Abstract Psychiatric disorders overlap substantially at the genetic level, with family-based methods long pointing toward transdiagnostic risk pathways. Psychiatric genomics has progressed rapidly in the last decade, shedding light on the biological makeup of cross-disorder risk at multiple levels of analysis. Over a hundred genetic variants have been identified that affect multiple disorders, with many more to be uncovered as sample sizes continue to grow. Cross-disorder mechanistic studies build on these findings to cluster transdiagnostic variants into meaningful categories, including in what tissues or when in development these variants are expressed. At the upper-most level, methods have been developed to estimate the overall shared genetic signal across pairs of traits (i.e. single-nucleotide polymorphism-based genetic correlations) and subsequently model these relationships to identify overarching, genomic risk factors. These factors can subsequently be associated with external traits (e.g. functional imaging phenotypes) to begin to understand the makeup of these transdiagnostic risk factors. As psychiatric genomic efforts continue to expand, we can begin to gain even greater insight by including more fine-grained phenotypes (i.e. symptom-level data) and explicitly considering the environment. The culmination of these efforts will help to inform bottom-up revisions of our current nosology.

scholarly journals A prospective longitudinal model predicting early adult alcohol problems: evidence for a robust externalizing pathway

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 957-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Edwards ◽  
C. O. Gardner ◽  
M. Hickman ◽  
K. S. Kendler
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Parental Monitoring ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Developmental Model ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

BackgroundRisk factors for alcohol problems (AP) include biological and environmental factors that are relevant across development. The pathways through which these factors are related, and how they lead to AP, are optimally considered in the context of a comprehensive developmental model.MethodUsing data from a prospectively assessed, population-based UK cohort, we constructed a structural equation model that integrated risk factors reflecting individual, family and peer/community-level constructs across childhood, adolescence and young adulthood. These variables were used to predict AP at the age of 20 years.ResultsThe final model explained over 30% of the variance in liability to age 20 years AP. Most prominent in the model was an externalizing pathway to AP, with conduct problems, sensation seeking, AP at age 17.5 years and illicit substance use acting as robust predictors. In conjunction with these individual-level risk factors, familial AP, peer relationships and low parental monitoring also predicted AP. Internalizing problems were less consistently associated with AP. Some risk factors previously identified were not associated with AP in the context of this comprehensive model.ConclusionsThe etiology of young adult AP is complex, influenced by risk factors that manifest across development. The most prominent pathway to AP is via externalizing and related behaviors. These findings underscore the importance of jointly assessing both biologically influenced and environmental risk factors for AP in a developmental context.

scholarly journals The Connections of Pregnancy-, Delivery-, and Infant-Related Risk Factors and Negative Life Events on Postpartum Depression and Their Role in First and Recurrent Depression

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pirjo Kettunen ◽  
Eeva Koistinen ◽  
Jukka Hintikka
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Recurrent Depression ◽  
Physical Problems ◽  
Adverse Experiences ◽  
Breastfeeding Cessation ◽  
Axis I

Introduction. The aim of this study is to assess how negative life events and adverse experiences with pregnancy, delivery, the infant(s), and breastfeeding cessation impact on postpartum depression (PPD), specifically in first lifetime and recurrent depression. Method. The study group comprised 104 mothers with a current episode of PPD and a control group of 104 mothers who did not have current PPD. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) was used for data collection. The course of the depression, adverse experiences, and breastfeeding were assessed by self-reports. Results. In age-adjusted multivariate analyses, mental and physical problems during pregnancy or delivery, postpartum problems with the infant and breastfeeding cessation, and negative life events during the previous 12 months were associated with postpartum depression. Eighteen percent (18%) of the mothers had first depression and 82% recurrent depression. Mental and physical problems during pregnancy or delivery were associated with both first lifetime and recurrent depression. Nevertheless, negative life events and infant/breastfeeding issues associated only with recurrent depression. Conclusion. Factors associated with pregnancy and delivery have an impact on PPD, but in recurrent depression other postnatal and psychosocial factors are also important risk factors.

ALZHEIMER’S ASSOCIATION: INITIATIVES & PUBLIC HEALTH PERSPECTIVE

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
H.M. Snyder ◽  
M.C. Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Do So

An estimated 47 million people worldwide are living with dementia in 2015 and this number is expected to triple by 2050. There is a clear urgency for therapies and / or interventions to slow, stop or prevent dementia. Amounting evidence suggests strategies to reduce risk of development dementia may be of growing import for reducing the number of individuals affected. The Alzheimer’s Association believes, from a population based perspective that: (1) Regular physical activity and management of cardiovascular risk factors (e.g. diabetes, obesity, smoking and hypertension) have been shown to reduce the risk of cognitive decline and may reduce the risk of dementia; (2) A healthy diet and lifelong learning/cognitive training may also reduce the risk of cognitive decline. The current evidence underscores the need to communicate to the broader population what the science indicates and to do so with diverse stakeholders and consistent messaging. There has never been a better time to define and distribute global messaging on public health for dementia.

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