PTSD in Women Who Served as Nurses in Vietnam

2018 ◽  
pp. 201-240
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Yager ◽  
Bruce P. Dohrenwend
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Operating Room ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Combat Exposure ◽  
Large Majority ◽  
Male Veterans ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
Positive Effect

This chapter reviews nurses’ traumatic events and stressful war-time experiences. Onset of war-related PTSD and its persistence many years after nurses’ service were elevated among those who had pre-Vietnam vulnerabilities, particularly pre-war psychiatric disorders. The rate of war-related PTSD onset among nurses was higher than that among male veterans with low probable combat exposure; and the odds of its persistence were nearly four times higher among nurses than among male veterans with moderate probable combat exposure. Likely sources of war-related stress among the nurses included their service in the operating room, their personal risk of enemy attack, and of sexual harassment and attack by fellow American soldiers. Nevertheless, the large majority of nurses reported a strong positive effect of military service on their lives.

scholarly journals Perceived threat bias and reduced hippocampal volume in combat veterans

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel W. Grupe ◽  
Benjamin A. Hushek ◽  
Kaley Ellis ◽  
Andrew J. Schoen ◽  
Joseph Wielgosz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Segmentation ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Combat Exposure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Threat Bias ◽  
Male Veterans ◽  
Mri Scans

AbstractBackgroundReduced hippocampal volume is frequently observed in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but the exact psychological processes associated with these alterations remain unclear. Given the role of the hippocampus in contextual representations of threat and memory, we investigated relationships between retrospectively reported combat exposure, perceived threat, and hippocampal volume in trauma-exposed veterans.MethodsT1-weighted anatomical MRI scans were obtained from 52 male veterans with a broad range of PTSD symptoms. Hippocampal volume was estimated using automatic segmentation tools in FreeSurfer. An index of perceived threat bias was calculated, reflecting the degree of discordance between subjective perceptions of threat while deployed and self-reported combat exposure. Hippocampal volume was regressed on perceived threat bias and PTSD symptoms on the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS).ResultsPerceived threat bias was unrelated to overall CAPS symptoms, but was positively correlated with CAPS avoidance/numbing symptoms and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and worry. The degree of perceived threat bias was inversely correlated with hippocampal volume. Hippocampal volume was also inversely related to avoidance/numbing CAPS symptoms.ConclusionsThese results indicate that volume of the hippocampus, a region involved in contextual threat processing and memory, is related to recalled associations between traumatic events and accompanying subjective threat appraisals. Future research should clarify the precise temporal milieu of these effects and investigate whether individual differences in hippocampal structure and function contribute to exaggerated threat appraisal at the time of trauma, or in subsequently biased memories or appraisals of traumatic events.

scholarly journals Work Related Stress of Employees working in Domino’s Pizza with Reference to Chennai City Only

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S8) ◽  
pp. 129-132
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Work Related Stress ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Direct Pressure ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
Chennai City ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Stress is related with imperatives and requests. The previous keeps a person from doing what the person in question wants. The last alludes to the loss of something wanted. With respect to fulfillment, it might be expressed that individuals who experience pressure secure positions disappointing. Low-to-direct pressure has positive effect on execution. It prompts better execution. While high pressure prompts lower execution. The impact of weight on fulfillment is negative consistently. [1],[ 3],[5]

Understanding Mail Survey Response Rates among Male Reserve Component Gulf War Era Veterans

2000 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 859-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter R. Schumm ◽  
Stephan R. Bollman ◽  
Anthony P. Jurich ◽  
Carlos Castelo ◽  
Diane Sanders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
National Guard ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Gulf War ◽  
Persian Gulf War ◽  
Desert Storm ◽  
Male Veterans ◽  
The Persian Gulf

In this study of current and former male Reserve and National Guard members from the State of Ohio, it was expected that veterans who were older, had more years of military service, who had participated in the Persian Gulf War, who were Euro-Americans, who were higher in rank, who had higher residential stability in Ohio who belonged to the Air Force, who had higher formal education, and who belong to the National Guard would have a greater investment in U.S. society as defined by 11 demographic variables. It was assumed that those with greater investment in society would more often have valid addresses and would be more likely to respond to a survey on military issues, thereby biasing sample outcomes in those directions. Results for male veterans were consistent with the hypothesis that investment in the society system would predict validity of addresses and response rates. In other words, results supported the idea that those veterans who might be expected to have a greater investment in U.S. society were more likely to be located and to respond (once located) to a survey concerning Desert Storm-era military service and its aftermath. Implications for future Desert Storm research are discussed.

Neurochemical Systems in the Central Nervous System

2013 ◽  
pp. 12-26
Author(s):  
Ariel Y. Deutch ◽  
Robert H. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Neurotrophic Factors ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Large Majority ◽  
System P ◽  
Target Neuron ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Chapter 2 describes the neurochemical organization of the brain. It summarizes the diverse types of molecules that neurons in the brain use as neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors, and how these molecules are synthesized and metabolized. The chapter also presents the array of receptor proteins through which these molecules regulate target neuron functioning and the reuptake proteins that generally terminate the neurotransmitter signal. Today a large majority of all drugs used to treat psychiatric disorders, as well as most drugs of abuse, still have as their initial targets proteins involved directly in neurotransmitter function.

scholarly journals The Role of Maternal Relationship in the Persisting Effect of Combat Exposure

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn C Carr ◽  
Miles G Taylor ◽  
Alex Meyer ◽  
Natalie J Sachs-Ericsson
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Combat Exposure ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Male Veterans ◽  
Maternal Relationship

Abstract Background and Objectives The veteran population is aging. Combat exposure is associated with negative health and psychological outcomes in some, but not all veterans; others even appear to experience gains. One mechanism driving these varied responses might be early life relationships. This study investigated the extent to which the quality of early maternal relationships influences the association between combat exposures and life satisfaction (LS) among older male veterans. Research Design and Methods Data were drawn from a pooled sample of male veterans in the Health and Retirement Study who completed the 2013 Veteran Mail Survey (N = 1,160). We used ordinary least squares regression to examine the association between combat exposures (with and without exposure to death) and LS, and the moderating effect of maternal relationship quality on this association. Results We found a significant positive association between maternal relationship quality and LS, and a significant association of combat that was dependent on maternal relationship quality. Specifically, combat-exposed veterans with poor maternal relationship quality reported lower LS, whereas combat-exposed veterans with high relationship quality reported higher LS—relative to their noncombat-exposed counterparts. The effects of exposure to death of hazardous toxins did not mediate or moderate this relationship. Discussion and Implications Findings indicate that maternal relationships had a lasting influence on whether combat contributed to a positive, negative, or neutral long-term effect on wellbeing. Findings support previous studies that suggest early life factors may play an important role in the fostering of resilient health outcomes over the life course. Implications for preventative strategies in soldiers are discussed.

scholarly journals Criteria for prosthetic provision: “He who pays the piper calls the tune”

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Heim ◽  
A. Merelman ◽  
G. Manor ◽  
E. Jacobi ◽  
M. Azaria
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Home Visit ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Large Majority ◽  
Prosthetic Limb ◽  
Blind Persons ◽  
At Home

Previously instituted policies regarding prosthetic limb provision had been deemed dependable. A follow-up home visit study showed that 18 of 60 patients that had been provided with prostheses, did not make use of them. Analysis showed that three categories of patients made up the large majority of the nonusers; double amputees, blind persons and those with psychiatric disorders. In order to attempt to eliminate the wastage of prosthetic provision to non-ambulators a new policy decision was made. Doubtful ambulators and those from the three aforementioned categories will be initially provided with temporary prostheses. Only after a period of months of temporary prosthetic usage at home will a decision be made as to whether a permanent prosthesis will be issued.

Combat Exposure, Perceived Benefits of Military Service, and Wisdom in Later Life

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Jennings ◽  
Carolyn M. Aldwin ◽  
Michael R. Levenson ◽  
Avron Spiro ◽  
Daniel K. Mroczek
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Combat Exposure ◽  
Perceived Benefits

scholarly journals Gender equality in states’ armed forces

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Serhii M. Perepolkin ◽  
Valentyna O. Boniak ◽  
Vitalii A. Zavhorodnii ◽  
Tetiana L. Syroid ◽  
Liudmyla A. Filianina
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Women’S Rights ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Unprofessional Behavior

The aim of the article is to disclose the most common challenges faced by women during military service based on the results of the gender equality state’s analysis in the armed forces of various states, and to develop suggestions for their solution. The use of the comparative method allowed to compare the existing doctrinal approaches to the women’s gender equality concept in the modern states’ armed forces, to determine the quantitative rates of women’s service in the armed forces of various states and to analyze the most common challenges faced by women servicemen in the time of service. In order to solve gender inequalities in the armed forces, their Ministries of Defense should introduce measures promoting women’s rights in the armed forces. Successful implementation of this goal requires the solution of a number of tasks, including the eradication of the following cases: unprofessional behavior; bullying; morally outdated double and inconsistent standards’ application; sexual harassment and assaults on women; the application of any stereotypes based on the violation of women’s equal rights to serve in the armed forces on par with men, etc.

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