Neuropsychiatry services in Central, Southern, and Eastern Europe

2020 ◽  
pp. 551-556
Author(s):  
Martín L. Vargas ◽  
Alla Guekht ◽  
Josef Priller
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
Cultural Perspectives ◽  
Standards Of Practice ◽  
French School ◽  
American Tradition ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Impact

In order to promote international homogeneity of neuropsychiatric services and standards of practice, one must consider local historical perspectives. This chapter focuses on the variety of historical perspectives on neuropsychiatry between countries in Central, Southern, and Eastern Europe, focusing first on Central Europe, from its initial understanding with Hippocrates, through the inter- to post-war disciplinary fracture of neurology and psychiatry, to the eventual influence of the Anglo-American tradition in the latter half of the twentieth century that saw the fracture mended. Further connections between different cultural perspectives on neuropsychiatry are explored, such as the German tradition’s influence on neuropsychiatry in Franco’s Spain, and the impact of Pinel and Charcot’s nineteenth-century advances in the French school on Europe as a whole. Given the advance of globalization, an international paradigm is now needed for neuropsychiatry, which could help define the discipline and incorporate new integrative perspectives such as neurophenomenology and neuropsychoanalysis.

scholarly journals Prospects of Croatian initiative “The Baltic – Adriatic – Black Sea”

2017 ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Samoylovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

In January 2015 K. Grabar-Kitarovic was elected as President of Croatia. She identified the integration of Southeast Europe countries into European and Euro-Atlantic institutions and strengthening the cooperation between the countries of Central Europe as a national strategic interest. In her opinion the 12 European member countries of the EU located between the Adriatic, Black and Baltic seas have great potential for regional cooperation in the framework of the EU and the transatlantic community. This potential depends on the geographical position and features of common economic and cultural development. In the presented work is described the evolution of the concept of “the Baltic-Adriatic-Black Sea” and the prospects of its promotion in the countries of Eastern Europe. Special attention is paid to the impact of the initiative on the economic and strategic interests of Russia in Eastern Europe.

scholarly journals The 1949 sterling crisis and British policy towards European integration

1985 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Newton
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
Marshall Plan ◽  
Public Records ◽  
The Public ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Impact

Most commentators on the 1949 sterling crisis have viewed it as an episode with implications merely for the management of the British economy. This paper, based on the public records now available, discusses the impact of the crisis on British economic foreign policy. In particular it suggests that the crisis revealed deep Anglo-American differences, centring on the nature of the Marshall Plan, on the international value of the sterling area, and on the proper relationship between the United Kingdom and Western Europe, Ultimately the British succeeded in resolving these disagreements: but this triumph ironically implied both the defeat of British aims in post-war European reconstruction and a long term delusion that great power status could be maintained on the basis of a special relationship-with the United States.

scholarly journals Modernist architects and the age of extremes in Eastern Europe, 1920-1950: Introduction

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-414
Author(s):  
Martin Kohlrausch ◽  
Daria Bocharnikova
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
East Central Europe ◽  
East Central ◽  
Sociotechnical Imaginaries ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Impact ◽  
Social Visions ◽  
Post War ◽  
Ideological Tensions

This article demonstrates the social and political impact of modernist architects in Europe’s age of extremes beyond the narrower confines of architecture. In East Central Europe with its ideological tensions, massive socio-political ruptures and eventually the establishment of communist regimes, architects’ social visions and the states’ aspirations led to intense interactions as well as strong controversies. In order to unravel these, we stress the relevance of modernism as a belief and knowledge system. In so doing we point to often unacknowledged continuities between the interwar and the immediate post-war period thus re-politicising the work of modernist architects as a project of worldmaking in the context of competing ideologies and sociotechnical imaginaries.

An Anglo-American Tradition

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Peter Cane
Keyword(s):  
Administrative Law ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Judicial Control ◽  
Administrative Procedure ◽  
The Us ◽  
American Tradition ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
The Impact

This chapter explores the idea of a ‘tradition’ of comparative administrative law (CAL) in the trans-Atlantic Anglosphere. It first deals with a period from the early eighteenth to the late nineteenth century. At this time, Western comparative public law was predominantly an Anglo-European affair. The chapter next focuses on a period between about 1880 and 1940, a time of heavy intellectual traffic between England and the US, in which the birth of an identifiably Anglo-American tradition in comparative administrative law may be witnessed. Finally, the chapter is concerned with the impact on the Anglo-American tradition of the US Administrative Procedure Act (APA). The APA marked the maturation of American administrative law as a legal category concerned above all with judicial control of administrative power.

scholarly journals An important fingerprint of wildfires on the European aerosol load

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 10487-10501 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Barnaba ◽  
F. Angelini ◽  
G. Curci ◽  
G. P. Gobbi
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Fine Fraction ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Radiation Budget ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Wildland Fires ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Wildland fires represent the major source of fine aerosols, i.e., atmospheric particles with diameters <1 μm. The largest numbers of these fires occur in Africa, Asia and South America, but a not negligible fraction also occurs in Eastern Europe and former USSR countries, particularly in the Russian Federation, Ukraine and Kazakhstan. Besides the impact of large forest fires, recent studies also highlighted the crucial role played by routine agricultural fires in Eastern Europe and Russia on the Arctic atmosphere. An evaluation of the impact of these fires over Europe is currently not available. The assessment of the relative contribution of fires to the European aerosol burden is hampered by the complex mixing of natural and anthropogenic particle types across the continent. In this study we use long term (2002–2007) satellite-based fires and aerosol data coupled to atmospheric trajectory modelling in the attempt to estimate the wildfires contribution to the European aerosol optical thickness (AOT). Based on this dataset, we provide evidence that fires-related aerosols play a major role in shaping the AOT yearly cycle at the continental scale. In general, the regions most impacted by wildfires emissions and/or transport are Eastern and Central Europe as well as Scandinavia. Conversely, a minor impact is found in Western Europe and in the Western Mediterranean. We estimate that in spring 5 to 35% of the European fine fraction AOT (FFAOT) is attributable to wildland fires. The estimated impact maximizes in April (20–35%) in Eastern and Central Europe as well as in Scandinavia and in the Central Mediterranean. An important contribution of wildfires to the FFAOT is also found in summer over most of the continent, particularly in August over Eastern Europe (28%) and the Mediterranean regions, from Turkey (34%) to the Western Mediterranean (25%). Although preliminary, our results suggest that this fires-related, continent-wide haze plays a not negligible role on the European radiation budget, and possibly, on the European air quality, therefore representing a clear target for mitigation.

Race in post-war science: The Swiss case in a global context

2021 ◽  
pp. 095269512110103
Author(s):  
Pascal Germann
Keyword(s):  
Human Genetics ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Success Stories ◽  
History Of ◽  
American Research ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Racial Knowledge ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Impact

The historiography on the concept of race in the post-war sciences has focused predominantly on the UNESCO campaign against scientific racism and on the Anglo-American research community. By way of contrast, this article highlights the history of the concept of race from a thus far unexplored angle: from Swiss research centres and their global interconnections with racial researchers around the world. The article investigates how the acceptance, resonance, and prestige of racial research changed during the post-war years. It analyses what resources could be mobilised that enabled researchers to carry out and continue scientific studies in the field of racial research or even to expand them and link them to new contexts. From this perspective, the article looks at the dynamics, openness, and contingency of the European post-war period, which was less stable, anti-racist, and spiritually renewed than retrospective success stories often suggest. The pronounced internationality of Swiss racial science and its close entanglement with the booming field of human genetics in the early 1950s point to the ambiguities of the period’s political and scientific development. I argue that the impact of post-war anti-racism on science was more limited than is frequently assumed: it did not drain the market for racial knowledge on a continent that clung to imperialism and was still shaped by racist violence. Only from the mid 1950s onwards did a series of unforeseen events and contingent shifts curtail the importance of the race concept in various sectors of the human sciences.

scholarly journals An important fingerprint of wildfires on the European aerosol load

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 2317-2354 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Barnaba ◽  
F. Angelini ◽  
G. Curci ◽  
G. P. Gobbi
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Fine Fraction ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Radiation Budget ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Wildland Fires ◽  
Accumulation Mode ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Wildland fires represent the major source of accumulation mode aerosol (i.e., atmospheric particles with diameters <1 μm). The largest part of these fires occurs in Africa, Asia and South America, but a not negligible fraction also occurs in Eastern Europe and former USSR countries, particularly in the Russian Federation, Ukraine and Kazakhstan. Apart for exceptional cases as the Russian fires of summer 2010, routine agricultural fires in Eastern Europe and Russia have been recently shown to play a crucial role in the composition of the Arctic atmosphere. However, an evaluation of the impact of these fires over Europe is currently not available. The assessment of the relative contribution of fires to the European aerosol burden is hampered by the complex mixing of natural and anthropogenic particle types over the continent. In this study we use long term (2002–2007) satellite-based fires and aerosol data coupled to atmospheric transport modelling to attempt unravelling the wildfires contribution to the European aerosol optical thickness (AOT). Based on this dataset, we provide evidence that fires-related aerosol emissions play a major role in shaping the AOT yearly cycle at the continental scale. In general, the regions most impacted by wildfires emissions and/or transport are Eastern and Central Europe as well as Scandinavia. Conversely, a minor impact is found in Western Europe and Western Mediterranean. We estimate that in spring 5 to 35% of the European fine fraction AOT (FFAOT, i.e., the AOT due to accumulation mode particles) is attributable to wildland fires. The calculated impact maximizes in April (20–35%) in Eastern and Central Europe as well as in Scandinavia and in the Central Mediterranean. An important contribution of wildfires to FFAOT is also found in summer over most of the continent, particularly in August over Eastern Europe (28%) and the Mediterranean regions, from Turkey (34%) to the Western Mediterranean (25%). This unveiled, fires-related, continent-wide haze is expected to play a not negligible role on the European radiation budget, and possibly, on the European air quality, therefore representing a clear target for mitigation.

scholarly journals Integrating Genetic, Archaeological, and Historical Perspectives on Eastern Central Europe, 400–900 AD

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Pohl ◽  
Johannes Krause ◽  
Tivadar Vida ◽  
Patrick Geary
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Historical Interpretation ◽  
East Central Europe ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Few parts of Europe witnessed so many population shifts in a few centuries as the Carpathian Basin in 400–900 CE. In this macro-region along the middle Danube, Pannonians, Romans, Goths, Gepids, Longobards, Avars, Bulgars, Slavs, Franks and many others came and went. This is an intriguing test case for the relationship between ethnic identities constructed in texts, cultural habitus attested in the archaeological record, and genetic profiles that can now be analysed through ancient DNA. What was the impact of migrations and mobility on the population of the East-Central-Europe? Was the late antique population replaced, did it mix with the newcomers, or did its descendants only adopt new cultural styles? To what degree did biological distinctions correspond to the cultural boundaries and/or ethnonyms in the texts? If pursued with methodological caution, this case study will have implications beyond the field. HistoGenes will analyse c. 6,000 samples from graves with cutting edge scientific methods, and contextualize the interpretation of these data in their archaeological and historical setting. The rapid progress of aDNA analysis and of bio-informatics now make such an enterprise viable. However, the methods of historical interpretation have not kept pace. HistoGenes will, for the first time, unite historians, archaeologists, geneticist, anthropologists, and specialists in bio-informatics, isotope analysis and other scientific methods. A wide range of particular historical questions will be addressed from an interdisciplinary perspective, and fundamental theoretical and methodological issues can be explored. HistoGenes will not only advance our knowledge about a key period in European history, but also establish new standards for the historical interpretation of genetic data. The six-year HistoGenes Synergy Grant was launched on May 1, 2020.

Changing Historical Perspectives on the Nazi Dictatorship

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Mommsen
Keyword(s):  
Third Reich ◽  
Charismatic Leadership ◽  
Peace Treaty ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
Systemic Factors ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Impact

This paper discusses the change of the leading paradigms in the field of contemporary history in the Federal Republic of Germany. While, during the early post-Second World War period, the study of the interwar period was dominated by the theory of totalitarian dictatorship and the discussion of the deficiencies of the Paris peace treaty system, thereby focusing on the charismatic leadership of Adolf Hitler, the post-war generation of German historians analysed the emerging political system of the Third Reich from a more systematic perspective, depicting behind the Hitlerian façade the antagonistic political structure that resulted in an accelerating cumulative radicalisation of the Nazi regime. This functionalist approach, however, has recently been attacked for indirectly exculpating the Nazi crimes by underlining the systemic factors leading to the accumulation of terror and violence and is about to be replaced by a rather moralist interpretation of Nazi politics, accentuating the function of the ‘Volksgemeinschaft’ and the impact of Hitler’s charismatic leadership.

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