Suicide attempts with a focus on Europe

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
Emma Björkenstam ◽  
Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz ◽  
Armin Schmidtke
Keyword(s):  
Multicentre Study ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Detailed Data ◽  
Background Factors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Compulsory Registration

The comparison of international statistics on suicide attempts across European countries is challenged by differences in definitions and the lack of compulsory registration. Among studies, the WHO/EURO multicentre study on parasuicide provided comprehensive data on both the occurrence and background factors of suicide attempts in different European countries. Besides the WHO/EURO study, this text summarizes findings from other clinical and community surveys as well as nationwide register data. Additionally, data about the relationship between different components of the suicidal spectrum by examining the WHO Multisite Intervention Study on Suicidal Behaviours (SUPRE-MISS) is presented. Peculiarities of the inter-European variation in patterns and trends of the phenomenon and various social and psychiatric determinants are also described. The WHO/EURO study was continued as the MONSUE (monitoring suicidal behaviour in Europe) study, which supplied even more detailed data on specific risk groups. These can then be supported by tailor-made suicide prevention strategies.

scholarly journals Suicide Attempts in Turkey: Results of the WHO—EURO Multicentre Study on Suicidal Behaviour

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 324-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halise Devrimci-Ozguven ◽  
Isık Sayıl
Keyword(s):  
Multicentre Study ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Rapid Social Change ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Research Centres

Objective: To investigate the rate and method of attempted suicides in a catchment area in Turkey as part of the WHO–EURO Multicentre Study on Suicidal Behaviour. Method: All hospitals in the catchment area were screened to identify suicide attempts for 4 years between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2001. Results: In the 4-year period, 737 individuals attempted suicide (514 women and 223 men). The mean annual rate per 100 000 was 46.89 for men and 112.89 for women. The parasuicide rate increased by 93.59% between 1998 and 2001. The most frequent method used by both men and women was self-poisoning. Conclusion: Compared with the results from other European research centres, attempted suicide rates in Turkey were relatively low. However, the increase in rates was striking. This upward trend may be related to the intense economic difficulties, increasing unemployment, and rapid social change experienced in Turkey in recent years. The risk groups appeared to be younger and female. Information on author affiliations appears at the end of the article.

Multilevel approaches in adult suicide prevention

2021 ◽  
pp. 665-670
Author(s):  
Ulrich Hegerl ◽  
Ines Heinz ◽  
Juliane Hug
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Primary Care Providers ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Media ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Multilevel Interventions

The next steps forward in suicide prevention are to learn (i) how to best combine single measures into a multilevel intervention in order to create additive and synergistic effects and (ii) how to implement them in the communities in different cultures and healthcare systems. A narrative review based on findings and experiences from existing community-based multilevel interventions which have provided some evidence for preventive effects on suicidal behaviour is presented. Most multilevel interventions combine training for primary care providers and gatekeepers, public awareness activities, restricting access to lethal means, engaging with the media, and support for high risk groups. However, effects on completed suicides and/or suicide attempts have only been reported for a few interventions. The best evaluated community-based intervention is the four-level programme offered by the European Alliance Against Depression (EAAD; implemented in over 115 regions in 15 countries by 2019).

scholarly journals The development and evaluation of an evidence-based suicide prevention strategy in Flanders (Belgium)

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Dumon ◽  
G Portzky
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Prevention Strategy ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Online Help ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
The Government ◽  
Year 2000

Abstract Background Suicide rates in Belgium have been consistently high, with a current prevalence of 15.1 suicides per 100.000 inhabitants, which is 1.5 times higher than the European average. In Flanders (northern part of Belgium) more than 10.000 suicide attempts are being registered every year and studies show that 13 % of the population reports a lifetime history of suicidal thoughts. Since 2006 an extensive Suicide Prevention Strategy has been implemented in Flanders, aiming to decrease the Flemish suicide rate by 20% by 2020 (baseline year 2000). Methods The Suicide Prevention Strategy has been developed by a team of experts, involving multiple stakeholders and the lay public. The 'Flemish Centre of Expertise in Suicide Prevention' (VLESP) was launched by the government to coordinate and monitor the prevention campaigns, tools and interventions included in the strategy, and to study their effectiveness. Results The Suicide Prevention Strategy includes five key strategies namely: 1) mental health promotion, 2) providing helplines and online help, 3) educating health professionals and community facilitators, 4) developing programs targeting high risk groups, 5) developing and implementing targeted suicide prevention guidelines for health professionals and other key gatekeepers. A range of innovative suicide prevention tools and interventions, such as an e-learning course for health professionals, smartphone applications and group therapies for suicidal individuals, have been developed and positively evaluated. In 2017 (in comparison with the year 2000) suicide rates in men decreased with 27% and suicide rates in women with 26%. For suicide attempts, a decrease of 19% was noted. Conclusions Suicide prevention is a public health priority in Flanders. A combination of evidence-based tools and interventions have been developed and assessed in the past years, resulting in a decrease in suicide rates.

Suicide attempts and suicide ideation in adolescents: SDQ scores in the Spanish sample of “saving and empowering young lives in Europe” (SEYLE) project

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1609-1609
Author(s):  
P. Burón ◽  
S. Al-Halabí ◽  
E. Díaz-Mesa ◽  
M. Garrido ◽  
G. Galván ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Peer Problems ◽  
Strengths And Difficulties ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Young Lives

IntroductionBehaviour disorders in adolescents are a risk factor associated with suicidal behavior.AimTo examine the distribution of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) scores in the Spanish sample of adolescents from the “Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe” (SEYLE) project and study the differences according to the gender and the relationship with both suicide attempts (SA) and suicidal ideation (SI).Method875 pupils from 12 secondary schools sited in Asturias (Spain) [50.7% males; mean age (SD) =14.5 (0.72)] were assessed through the SDQ and Paykel Suicide Scale (PSS).ResultsNo significant differences were found in the SDQ total score by gender, but were found (p< 0.001) in some subscales as emotional symptoms (t=-6.769) (women scoring higher), hyperactivity (t=3.283) and prosocial (t=5.260) (men scoring higher). Regarding PSS, 3.1% tried to take their life during past six months. No significant differences were found in SA by gender but were found (p< 0.050) for the thought that life not worth (t=-3.597), women scoring higher, and about wish to be dead (t=-2.630), men scoring higher. Previous SA were significant related (p< 0.001) with SDQ total score (X2=38,437), emotional symptoms (X2=25,528), hyperactivity (X2=13,572) and behaviour disorders (X2=7,505). SI was significant related (p< 0.001) with SDQ total score (X2=38,437), emotional symptoms (X2=31,077), behaviour disorders (X2=33,011), peer problems (X2=35,161) and prosocial behavior (X2=17,978).ConclusionSA and SI were related with difficulties (SDQ criteria), mainly on emotional symptoms and behaviour disorders. Prevention strategies in high risk groups are likely to become increasingly important.

Suicide and Suicide Attempts in Ankara in 1998: Results of the WHO/EURO Multicentre Study of Suicidal Behaviour

Crisis ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isik Sayil ◽  
Halise Devrimci-Ozguven
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Multicentre Study ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Age Group ◽  
State Institute ◽  
Completed Suicide

Summary: Background: The rates and associated basic demographic features of attempted and completed suicides in a catchment area in Turkey were investigated as part of the WHO/Euro Multicentre Study of Suicidal Behaviour. Method: All hospitals in the catchment area were screened in order to identify attempted suicides. Statistics for completed suicides were obtained from the State Institute of Statistics (SIS). Results: The rates of attempted and completed suicides per 100,000 inhabitants over 15 years of age were 31.9 for males and 85.6 for females, and 9.9 for males and 5.6 for females, respectively. The majority of attempted suicides were in the 15-24-year-old age group, as is the case in all other European countries. The majority of completed suicides were also in the 15-24-year-old age group, although in other European centers most completed suicides occur in the 40+ age group. The most frequent methods were overdose for attempted suicide and hanging for completed suicide. The rates of both attempted and completed suicides were lower than those of other participating centers in Europe. Conclusion: Male sex is a risk factor for completed suicide and female sex is a risk factor for attempted suicide, while an age of 15-24 years may be a risk factor for both groups.

scholarly journals Factors Related to Suicide Attempts: The Roles of Childhood Abuse and Spirituality

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyejin Tae ◽  
Jeong-Ho Chae
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire

Objectives: The purpose of this article was to identify independent factors associated with suicide attempts in patients with depression and/or anxiety.Background and Aims: This study was conducted in order to examine whether risk and protective psychological factors influence the risk of suicide attempts among outpatients with anxiety and/or depressive disorders. In this regard, explanatory models have been reported to detect high-risk groups for suicide attempt. We also examined whether identified factors serve as mediators on suicide attempts.Materials and Methods: Patients from 18 to 65 years old from an outpatient clinic at Seoul St. Mary's Hospital were invited to join clinical studies. From September 2010 to November 2017, a total of 737 participants were included in the final sample. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-being Scale (FACIT-Sp-12), and Functional Social Support Questionnaire (FSSQ) were used to assess psychiatric symptoms. An independent samples t-test, a chi-square test, hierarchical multiple regression analyses, and the Baron and Kenny's procedures were performed in order to analyze data.Results: Young age, childhood history of emotional and sexual abuse, depression, and a low level of spirituality were significant independent factors for increased suicide attempts. Depression was reported to mediate the relationship between childhood emotional and sexual abuse, spirituality, and suicide attempts.Conclusions: Identifying the factors that significantly affect suicidality may be important for establishing effective plans of suicide prevention. Strategic assessments and interventions aimed at decreasing depression and supporting spirituality may be valuable for suicide prevention.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics Associated with Suicidal Behaviour and the Relationship with a Nurse-Led Suicide Prevention Program.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judit Pons-Baños ◽  
David Ballester-Ferrando ◽  
Lola Riesco-Miranda ◽  
Santiago Escoté-Llobet ◽  
Jordi Jiménez-Nuño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Case Management Program ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

(1) Aims: To analyse the relationship between demographic and clinical characteristics and particular kinds of suicidal behaviour and its relationship with a nurse-led suicide prevention program. (2) Methods: A 5-year cross-sectional study design. Study performed in the region of Osona (Catalonia) during 2013-2017. Suicidal behaviour was classified as suicidal ideation, interrupted self-directed violence, suicide attempt and completed suicide. (3) Results: The sample included 753 patients ─ of whom 53 died by suicide─ and encompassed 931 suicidal behaviour episodes. Men represented 38.4% of the sample but 81.1% of deaths by suicide. Mental disorders were associated with suicidal behaviour in 75.4% of the sample. 66.4% of the individuals were engaged in the nurse-led Suicidal Behaviour Case Management Program, of which 0.8% (n=4) died by suicide. (4) Conclusion: The main risk factors were female sex for suicidal behaviour, and male sex and older age for suicide. Mental disorders, widowhood and retirement were also associated with suicide. A high proportion of patients was engaged to the nurse-led suicide prevention program with a low proportion of suicides.

Suicide attempts and job insecurity: a complex association

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 359-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Chastang ◽  
P Rioux ◽  
I Dupont ◽  
E Baranger ◽  
V Kovess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Regular Employment ◽  
Job Instability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Social And Professional Integration ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryObjective:Since Durkheim, epidemiological studies have revealed a significant, complex association between unemployment and suicidal behaviour. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between parasuicide and job instability, including unemployment, French social measures against unemployment and occasional work.Method:Demographic data, personal and familial characteristics were collected in 541 suicide attempters.Results:Seventy-seven per cent were socially active, with 61.5% in regular employment, and 38.5% in precarious employment. The female-to-male ratio approached 2 in the securely employed sample, and fell to 1 for those with poor social and professional integration. Depression, parasuicide, and alcohol abuse were more common in the families of repeaters in secure employment. The impact of the familial psychiatric background was no longer significant in the job insecurity group. Fostering in childhood was a risk factor for repeat suicidal behaviour in the group with job insecurity.

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