Behavioural aspects of microhabitat segregation of different age stages in the wetland land snail Vertigo moulinsiana (Eupulmonata: Vertiginidae) in the laboratory

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-232
Author(s):  
Zofia Książkiewicz-Parulska
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Different Response ◽  
Behavioural Aspects ◽  
Microhabitat Segregation

ABSTRACT This laboratory study investigated behavioural differences between adults and juveniles of the wetland land snail species Vertigo moulinsiana with respect to temperature and humidity. Juveniles of V. moulinsiana, for example, tend to remain within the shaded, humid and cool layer of the litter, while adults usually climb above wet vegetation to a height of over 2 m. Adults are thus exposed to greater variation in temperature and humidity than juveniles. My experiments showed that adults of V. moulinsiana remain active longer than juveniles when subject to high temperature (36 °C) and low relative humidity (RH 30%). Conversely, juveniles stay active longer than adults in high humidity (22 °C, RH 100%). A short period of starvation lengthened the time needed for the juveniles to become active after dormancy, possibly indicating a different response between adults and juveniles to lack of nutritional reserves. These behavioural differences to food availability and the risk of water loss correspond to the microhabitat differences observed between adults and juveniles in the wild.

Sperm utilization in subadult and adult simultaneous hermaphrodite snails mating in the wild

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (11) ◽  
pp. 1041-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Kupfernagel ◽  
Bruno Baur
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Competition ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Shell Growth ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Simultaneous Hermaphrodite ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Short Period ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Previous Mating

In species with multiple mating and long-term sperm storage, males are expected to show a preference for mating with virgin and young females to reduce the risk of sperm competition. In various simultaneous hermaphrodite land snail species, sperm production precedes egg production by 2–4 weeks, resulting in a short period of protandric hermaphroditism before shell growth is completed. In a natural population, we collected copulating pairs of the simultaneous hermaphrodite land snail Arianta arbustorum (L., 1758) consisting either of two adults, of two subadults, or of one adult and one subadult snail, and determined the paternity of their hatchlings that emerged from subsequently deposited eggs. Adult snails used sperm received from subadult mating partners for egg fertilization in the same frequency as sperm from adults, indicating that subadult and adult snails do not differ in male function. Furthermore, an unfinished shell is not a reliable indicator for virginity, because 35% of the subadult individuals had already sperm stored from previous mating(s). Compared with adults, young individuals exhibited a lower risk of sperm competition, indicated by a higher last mate sperm precedence. However, subadult snails produced fewer eggs than adult snails, counteracting the evolutionary advantage of preferring a young partner with low sperm competition risk.

MELANISM IN WHEAT INDUCED BY HIGH TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY

1944 ◽  
Vol 22c (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Johnson ◽  
W. A. F. Hagborg
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Pathogenic Organisms

Results of experiments performed in the greenhouse have shown that, under conditions of a high temperature especially when combined with a high humidity, melanistic areas may develop on the glumes, lemmas, peduncles, and internodes of Apex and Renown wheat in the absence of any infection by pathogenic organisms.

A transcriptomic analysis reveals soybean seed pre-harvest deterioration resistance pathways under high temperature and humidity stress

Genome ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingjie Shu ◽  
Yuli Zhou ◽  
Kebin Mu ◽  
Huimin Hu ◽  
Ming Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Resistant Cultivar ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Seed Deterioration ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Different Response ◽  
Shock Proteins

Pre-harvest soybean seeds in the field are susceptible to high temperature and humidity (HTH) stress, leading to pre-harvest seed deterioration, which will result in a reduction in grain quality, yield, and seed vigor. To understand the gene expression involved in seed deterioration response under HTH stress, in this study, we conducted an RNA-Seq analysis using two previously screened soybean cultivars with contrasting seed deterioration resistance. HTH stress induced 1081 and 357 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the sensitive cultivar Ningzhen No. 1 and resistant cultivar Xiangdou No. 3, respectively. The majority of DEGs in the resistant cultivar were up-regulated, while down-regulated DEGs were predominant in the sensitive cultivar. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum were the predominant pathways in both cultivars during seed deterioration under HTH stress. The genes involved in photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, and heat shock proteins pathways might contribute to the different response to seed deterioration under HTH treatment in the two soybean cultivars. Our study extends the knowledge of gene expression in soybean seed under HTH stress and further provides insight into the molecular mechanism of seed deterioration as well as new strategies for breeding soybean with improved seed deterioration resistance.

Effect of Relative Humidity, Temperature and Gaseous and Particulate Contaminations on Information Technology Equipment Reliability

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabjit Singh ◽  
Levente Klein ◽  
Dereje Agonafer ◽  
Jimil M. Shah ◽  
Kanan D. Pujara
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Data Center ◽  
Data Centers ◽  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Equipment Reliability ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Temperature And Humidity

The energy used by information technology (IT) equipment and the supporting data center equipment keeps rising as data center proliferation continues unabated. In order to contain the rising computing costs, data center administrators are resorting to cost cutting measures such as not tightly controlling the temperature and humidity levels and in many cases installing air side economizers with the associated risk of introducing particulate and gaseous contaminations into their data centers. The ASHRAE TC9.9 subcommittee, on Mission Critical Facilities, Data Centers, Technology Spaces, and Electronic Equipment, has accommodated the data center administrators by allowing short period excursions outside the recommended temperature-humidity range, into allowable classes A1-A3. Under worst case conditions, the ASHRAE A3 envelope allows electronic equipment to operate at temperature and humidity as high as 24°C and 85% relative humidity for short, but undefined periods of time. This paper addresses the IT equipment reliability issues arising from operation in high humidity and high temperature conditions, with particular attention paid to the question of whether it is possible to determine the all-encompassing x-factors that can capture the effects of temperature and relative humidity on equipment reliability. The role of particulate and gaseous contamination and the aggravating effects of high temperature and high relative humidity will be presented and discussed. A method to determine the temperature and humidity x-factors, based on testing in experimental data centers located in polluted geographies, will be proposed.

Wood-Based Panels’ Properties when Subject to Temperature and Humidity Variation

2013 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
Hai Xia Yu ◽  
Man Ping Xu ◽  
Chong Rong Fang ◽  
Fei Yan Guo
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Internal Bond ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
European Standards

In order to reveal impact of environment humidity and temperature on properties of indoor decorated materials, the paper tested physical and mechanical prosperities of 5 kinds of wood-based panels according to European standards after equilibrium treatments in 3 types of atmosphere. The results showed that the tested materials were very hydrophilic and their strength were closely related to moisture content. Internal bond, modulus of rupture, 24h-thickness swelling and surface soundness of wood-based panels decreased at high temperature and high humidity atmosphere and increased in low temperature and low humidity surroundings, and the decrement are greater than the increment. In contrast, density almost kept the same value during these treatments.

scholarly journals Effect of soilborne inoculum on incidence of onion black mould (Aspergillus niger)

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 138-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Tyson ◽  
R.A. Fullerton
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Postharvest Disease ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Principal Source ◽  
Temperature And Humidity

Aspergillus niger is the cause of black mould of onions which is primarily a postharvest disease Systematic sampling of soil from onion fields in the Pukekohe/Waikato regions of New Zealand in 2002 and 2003 showed that the highest levels of soilborne A niger occurred in fields that had not been recently rotated out of onions Levels of soilborne A niger were correlated with black mould incidence in bulbs stored at high temperature and high humidity but not in bulbs stored at ambient temperature and humidity It is likely that soilborne spores are a principal source of inoculum for black mould of onions in Pukekohe New Zealand

The Research on Electronic Measurement of Steam with High Temperature and High Humidity in the Steaming Process

2011 ◽  
Vol 175-176 ◽  
pp. 434-438
Author(s):  
Fu Chao Li ◽  
Cheng Shuai Yang ◽  
Kai Meng ◽  
Qing Guan Chen
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Electronic Circuit ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Assembly Language ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Electronic Measurement ◽  
On Chip

Because of the seldom research on temperature and humidity measurement of gas with high temperature and high humidity, workers in steaming workshops judge the temperature and humidity of steam in steamers on their subjective experience, which limits the accurate control of temperature and humidity of steam in steaming boxes. In reaction to the difficult measurement of high temperature and high humidity gas, a kind of electronic device has been developed to solve the problem. Through ingenious design of programming in assembly language and of electronic circuit, the device can automatically start an on chip heating element to prevent steam from condensing, and display the high temperature and relative humidity of steam in steamers. It will be propitious to break through the shackles of subjective experience, realize small changes in the temperature and humidity of steam in steaming boxes, and provide a basis and premise for controlling and regulating the temperature and humidity of steam. In addition, it will play an important role in gearing down the hygroscopic agent dosage, reducing the production cost, conserving energy, protecting environment and improving the quality of steaming.

scholarly journals Maintaining Impatiens Seed Quality

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 867F-867
Author(s):  
David Cross ◽  
Roger Styer
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Quality Changes ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Temperature And Humidity

Impatiens (Impatiens wallerana Hook.f.) flower seeds are believed to be sensitive to storage temperature and humidity conditions. A study was conducted to evaluate seed quality changes occurring during a 1-year period of storage under various temperature and humidity combinations. Four seed lots of `Super Elfin Red' and `Super Elfin White' impatiens were studied. Constant humidity treatments were obtained using saturated salt solutions; 15% relative humidity (RH) with LiCI, 25% RH with KAc, 33% RH with MgCl2, and 43% RH with K2CO3. Constant temperature treatments were 5, 15, and 22C. At 3-month intervals, replicate samples were sown in plug flats in the greenhouse. Seed quality was evaluated as the percentage of usable seedlings 21 days from sowing. Rapid deterioration of seed quality was seen under high temperature and high humidity storage conditions. Seeds became less sensitive to humidity at 5C. Conditions of 20% to 25% RH and 5C are recommended for impatiens seed storage.

scholarly journals PO-262 Study on the effect of weight loss in High temperature and High humidity

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Zhao ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Yi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Temperature And Humidity

Objective The effects of aerobic exercise on body weight loss in different environments were studied by comparing the changes of relative indexes between high temperature and high humidity and general environment. To provide certain reference basis for weight loss in aerobic training before competition of heavy competitive athletes. Methods Eight male freestyle wrestlers in Beijing were chosen as the research objects. The body weight, energy metabolism and serum ions were measured before and after one time aerobic exercise (50min,65%VO2max) in general environment (23℃/40%humidity), high temperature and high humidity(33℃/60%humidity).The data were statistically processed by SPSS19.0 software, and Paired-Samples T Test was selected for statistical analysis. Results Under the same physiological load, one time aerobic exercise was carried out in high temperature and high humidity and general environment, the weight of high temperature and high humidity group decreased 1.91%, the amplitude was slightly larger than that of general environment group. The energy metabolism in the hyperthermia and humidity group was 1.52g higher than that in the normal temperature and humidity group, the energy expenditure at 2 hours after exercise was 0.95% higher than that in the normal temperature and humidity group, and the energy metabolism during 8 hours sleep was 14.86% higher than that in the normal temperature and humidity group (p<0.05). Na+ and Cl- were significantly higher after general environmental exercise than before (P<0.05), while K +, Mg2 + were slightly lower than before exercise. After high temperature and humidity exercise, Mg2+ was significantly lower than that before (P<0.01). K+ decreased slightly, Na+, Cl-, Ca2+ was slightly higher than that before exercise. According to the change of ion index, aerobic exercise may have little adverse effect on the balance of internal environment under the condition of high temperature and high humidity, which can be improved by the supplement of electrolyte drink. Conclusions In high temperature and high humidity environment, aerobic exercise has a relatively good effect on weight loss. In order to reduce the change of internal environment, electrolyte drink can be added in the process of weight loss aerobic training. Athletes can withstand the weight reduction and control training at different ambient temperatures, subjectively accept the thermal environment. Therefore, the choice of high temperature and high humidity aerobic exercise in fast weight loss stage will be an effective means of weight loss before competition.    

Effect of Temperature and Humidity on Degradation Behavior of Cu/Epoxy Interface under High Temperature and High Humidity Aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 1016 ◽  
pp. 1436-1442
Author(s):  
Riku Suzuki ◽  
Ikuo Shohji ◽  
Tatsuya Kobayashi ◽  
Yu Tonozuka
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Joint Interface ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Degradation Behavior ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
High Humidity Environment ◽  
Humidity Environment

This article reports on the degradation behavior of adhesion strength of the resin/copper interface under aging in high temperature and high humidity environment. The adhesion strength of a Cu joint with resin was investigated by a tensile test. The fracture surface was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to investigate the degradation mechanism. As a result, it was found that the degradation of the adhesion strength is mainly caused by water absorption and subsequent volume expansion of the resin, and embrittlement of hydrogen bonding in the joint interface. Evaluation of deterioration life of the joint revealed that the relationships between the deterioration life and the temperature and humidity are confirmed above the glass transition temperature.

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