Fructose consumption during pregnancy and lactation causes DNA damage and biochemical changes in female mice

Abstract The consumption of fructose during pregnancy can cause hyperglycaemia and may stimulate production of reactive oxygen species; however, there are only a few studies reporting whether fructose consumption during pregnancy causes DNA damage. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of fructose consumption on genetic and biochemical parameters in Swiss mice treated during pregnancy and lactation. For this, 15 couples of 60-day-old Swiss mice were divided into three groups of five couples: negative control (water) and two fructose groups (fructose dose of 10%/l and 20%/l). During this period, we evaluated food consumption, energy efficiency and body weight. Samples of blood were collected from the females before copulation, after the 15th day of conception and on the 21st day after the lactation period, for the glycaemic and lipid profiles as well as comet assay and micronucleus (MN) test. Comet assay and MN test evaluate DNA damage and clastogenicity, respectively. In the gestation and lactation period, the two fructose doses tested showed DNA damage as observed in the comet assay, which is associated with an increase in dietary intake, body weight, lipid profile and fasting glycaemia in females. Thus, it can be suggested that the high consumption of fructose during these periods is harmful for pregnancy and lactation.

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Effects of photopolymerisation on genotoxicity of composite adhesives in the comet assay

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr1602617d ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 617-627

Author(s):

Stefan Dacic ◽

Ninoslav Djelic ◽

Milena Radakovic ◽

Nada Lakic ◽

Aleksandar Veselinovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Comet Assay ◽

Human Lymphocytes ◽

Negative Control ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Halogen Lamp ◽

Genotoxic Effects ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Isolated Human Lymphocytes

Certain in vivo studies have shown that the application of adhesives directly onto the open pulp or on a thin layer of dentin causes inflammation and pulpal abscesses. This reaction is related to toxic effects of monomers from adhesives. It has been confirmed that after proper illumination the adhesives become less toxic. The aim of the study was to examine genotoxicity of non-polymerised, partly polymerised and polymerised adhesives on isolated human lymphocytes using the alkaline Comet assay. Adper Single bond2 and Adper Easy One/3M ESPE adhesive photopolymerisation was performed by Elipar Highlight 3M ESPE halogen lamp for 0, 10 and 40 sec, at final concentrations of 100, 200, 500 and 1000 ?g/mL. With both adhesives, photopolymerisation at 0 and 10 seconds showed statistically significant increase in DNA damage in comparision to the negative control (solvent). On the other hand, after 40 seconds of photopolymerisation of both adhesives in all tested concentrations, the degree of DNA damage in Comet assay had no significant difference (P>0.05, ?2 test) compared to the negative control. Therefore, only the 40 seconds of photopolymerisation prevented genotoxic effects of both adhesives in the Comet assay.

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Body Condition Score (BCS) and Body Weight of Nellore Brown Sheep at Various Reproductive Stages in Different Systems of Rearing

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-4282 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

B. Rangamma ◽

A. Sarat Chandra ◽

N. Rajanna ◽

M. Gnana Prakash ◽

M. Venkateswarulu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Body Condition ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Animal Health ◽

Meat Production ◽

Daily Routine ◽

Research Station ◽

Lactation Period ◽

Condition Score ◽

Pregnancy And Lactation

Background: Body Condition Score in sheep was used to evaluate the adequacy of previous feed supply, decide potential feed requirements in the future, evaluate individual animal health status, decide animal condition during daily routine, welfare inspection and in meat production systems.Methods: 60 Nellore brown ewes from Livestock Research Station, Mamnoor, Warangal district was randomly allotted to three rearing systems i.e Intensive (G1), Semi-intensive (G2) and Extensive (G3) system of each 20 animals. BCS and Body weight of the sheep was recorded at various reproductive stages i.e. just before breeding of animals, during pregnancy and lactation period to assess the nutritional status and reproductive performance of the sheep.Result: The mean average body weight (Kg) of pregnant ewes in G2 group had no significant (P less than 0.05) difference with G3 group. The average mean body weight (Kg) of ewes in G1 (27.58 ± 0.37kg) group had significant (P less than 0.05) difference with G2 (25.50 ± 0.32kg) group during lactation period of 90 days. The total gain of BCS during pregnancy period in the G1, G2 and G3 groups were 0.63 ± 0.06, 0.53 ± 0.06 and 0.44 ± 0.11, respectively. The overall mean BCS of the ewes 48hrs after lambing was higher in G1 (3.0 ± 0.10) group followed by G2 (2.73 ± 0.10) and G3 (2.38 ± 0.08) group.

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Assessment of genotoxic effects of flumorph by the comet assay in mice organs

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327111417268 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 224-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

T Zhang ◽

Q Zhao ◽

Y Zhang ◽

J Ning

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Body Weight ◽

Comet Assay ◽

Tail Length ◽

Sensitive Assay ◽

Alkaline Comet Assay ◽

Comet Tail ◽

Genotoxic Effects ◽

Dose Dependent

The present study investigated the genotoxic effects of flumorph in various organs (brain, liver, spleen, kidney and sperm) of mice. The DNA damage, measured as comet tail length (µm), was determined using the alkaline comet assay. The comet assay is a sensitive assay for the detection of genotoxicity caused by flumorph using mice as a model. Statistically significant increases in comet assay for both dose-dependent and duration-dependent DNA damage were observed in all the organs assessed. The organs exhibited the maximum DNA damage in 96 h at 54 mg/kg body weight. Brain showed maximum DNA damage followed by spleen > kidney > liver > sperm. Our data demonstrated that flumorph had induced systemic genotoxicity in mammals as it caused DNA damage in all tested vital organs, especially in brain and spleen.

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Nutrition and reproduction

Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes ◽

10.1093/med/9780199235292.003.0882 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 1263-1271

Author(s):

Siew S. Lim ◽

Robert J. Norman

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Weight ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Reproductive Function ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Lactation Period ◽

Energy Status ◽

Animal Kingdom ◽

Pregnancy And Lactation ◽

Nutritional Needs

Reproductive function is closely related to nutritional status. In the animal kingdom reproduction often takes place when food and climatic conditions are favourable towards optimal nutrition to maximize the survival of the offspring. This is sensible considering pregnancy and lactation are times of greatest nutritional needs in the life of female mammals. In humans, under- and over-nutrition as reflected in body weight and body composition significantly impact fertility. Aside from the mother’s energy status, her micronutrient adequacy throughout the pregnancy and lactation period also influences the development of the offspring.

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Impact of antidepressant drug clomipramine on hepatorenal functions, lipid peroxidation, micronucleus frequencies and DNA damage using an alkaline comet assay

Journal of Experimental and Applied Animal Sciences ◽

10.20454/jeaas.2013.713 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 98

Author(s):

Fatma E. Agha ◽

Eman R.Youness R.Youness ◽

Hassanane M. M.

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Dna Damage ◽

Body Weight ◽

Comet Assay ◽

Recovery Period ◽

Antidepressant Drug ◽

Control Group ◽

Polychromatic Erythrocytes ◽

Therapeutic Doses

Clomipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant commonly used to treat anxiety related behavioral disorders in human and animals. The current study was performed to assess the effects of different therapeutic doses of clomipramine hydrochloride supplementation on hepato-renal functions, lipid peroxidation, frequencies of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in bone marrow, DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes using the comet assay and effects of withdrawal of the drug for 4 weeks on these parameters. Forty two Swiss albino male mice were divided into seven equal groups. The first group served as a control, while groups 2, 4 and 6 were orally treated with low (75 mg/kg of body weight), medium ((100 mg/kg of body weight), and high doses (250 mg/kg of body weight), respectively of clomipramine hydrochloride daily for 30 days. However, groups 3, 5 and 7 served as low, medium and high withdrawal groups for 4 weeks. Different therapeutic doses of clomipramine hydrochloride resulted in a significant increase in the levels of serum ALT, AST, BUN and creatinine compared to control. Also, plasma malondialdehyde levels showed were significant increase in mice treated by different therapeutic doses of clomipramine hydrochloride compared to control group. In contrast, the administration of clomipramine hydrochloride in three therapeutic doses for 30 days caused a significant increase in the frequency of micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes of mice bone marrow, this increase reached more than ten times the value determined before the treatment and directly proportional to the dose. The level of basal endogenous DNA damage measured as the mean of percentage of DNA in the tail of the lymphocytes in mice treated by low, medium and high therapeutic doses of clomipramine hydrochloride were significantly higher than in controls. However, in the recovery period (4weeks), a significant amelioration in all studied parameters was observed. Results indicated that, clomipramine is a hepato renal toxic drug and induces a significant amount of DNA damage and in-vivo genotoxic drug.

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COMPARISON OF TWO BIOMODELS (BALB/C MICE AND SPRAGUE DAWLEY RATS) IN THE ALKALINE COMET ASSAY

BIOCYT Biología Ciencia y Tecnología ◽

10.22201/fesi.20072082.2011.4.75943 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (13-16) ◽

Author(s):

Daniel Francisco Arencibia Arrebola ◽

Luis Alfredo Rosario Fernández ◽

Yolanda Emilia Suárez Fernández ◽

Alexis Vidal Novoa

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Comet Assay ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Species Group ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Alkaline Comet Assay ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Sd Rats ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats

<p>This article had as objective to carry out a comparison between Balb/c mice and Sprague Dawley rats as biomodel in the alkaline comet assay, keeping in mind the basal frequency and that induced with Cyclophosphamide, the induction of single strand breaks (SSB) or alkali-labile sites formation on DNA of peripheral blood leukocytes. Ten animal/sex/species/group of Balb/c mice and Sprague Dawley rats were used, and treated for 14 days. Using a negative control group (not treated), two substance-vehicle controls and a positive control received cyclophosphamide 50 mg/kg, via intraperitoneal. After two weeks the alkaline electrophoresis gel was performed for individual cells from leukocytes of peripheral blood to screen for possible DNA damage. The best biomodel in both sexes was the SD rats differing significantly with the results obtained in Balb/c mice keeping in mind the spontaneous and induced values of DNA damage. This study shows SD rats are a more efficient model for preclinical genotoxic evaluation of drugs, vaccines and natural products.</p>

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Effects of supplemental phytase on nutrient digestibility and performance of sows fed diets with high or low native phytase activity

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/3237-cjas ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 56 (No. 10) ◽

pp. 443-450 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

E.R. Grela ◽

J. Matras ◽

A. Czech

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Negative Control ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Weight Changes ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Weight Losses ◽

Group I ◽

Microbial Phytase ◽

Pregnancy And Lactation

Two experiments were conducted to examine the influence of addition of microbial phytase to diets differing in native phytase content, on the performance of sows and digestibility of nutrients. Barley and wheat grains relatively poor in native phytase used in Experiment 1 mixtures were replaced by triticale and rye (rich in this enzyme) in Experiment 2 diets. There were 3 groups in each experiment. Group I (control) received basal diets enriched with dicalcium phosphate (10 g/kg), group II (negative control) was fed basal diets without any additive, and group III (negative control) was supplemented with microbial phytase (500 PU/kg). Body weights of sows were monitored at mating, before parturition, immediately after parturition and at weaning. Apparent ileal and total tract digestibility of basal nutrients, detergent fibre fractions, Ca and P of the investigated diets from particular treatments was determined. Microbial phytase (Natuphos<sup>®</sup>, BASF AG, Ludwigshaven, Germany) supplemented at 500 PU/kg in pregnancy and lactation diets based on barley and wheat resulted in smaller body weight losses during lactation and higher weight gain over the whole cycle. Synergistic effects of microbial phytase and native phytase on body weight changes of sows, feed conversion ratio during pregnancy, and apparent (ileal and total tract) digestibility of both organic matter and minerals (total and phytic phosphorus and calcium) were found out.

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DNA and oxidative damage induced in somatic organs and tissues of mouse by municipal sludge leachate

Toxicology and Industrial Health ◽

10.1177/0748233711420466 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 28 (7) ◽

pp. 614-623 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Adekunle A Bakare ◽

Sushila Patel ◽

Alok K Pandey ◽

Mahima Bajpayee ◽

Alok Dhawan

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Dna Damage ◽

Comet Assay ◽

Health Effects ◽

Negative Control ◽

Human Populations ◽

Municipal Sludge ◽

Potential Health ◽

Adverse Health Effects ◽

Somatic Tissues

Pollution by waste landfill leachate has prompted a number of studies on the toxic and potential health effects. This study assessed the genotoxicity of a municipal sludge leachate (MSL) in the somatic tissues (blood and bone marrow) and organs (liver, kidney, and spleen) of mice using the alkaline Comet assay. The possible cause of DNA damage via the study of antioxidant system (lipid peroxidation [LPO]; catalase [CAT]; reduced glutathione [GSH]; and superoxide dismutase [SOD]) responses in mouse liver was also investigated. Different concentrations (2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) of the leachate were administered intraperitoneally for 5 consecutive days to male Swiss albino mice (4 mice/group). A significant ( p < 0.05) increase in DNA damage in organs and tissues of treated mice compared to the negative control was observed as evident from the Comet assay parameters: olive tail moment (OTM, arbitrary units) and tail DNA (%). Bone marrow showed maximum DNA damage followed by liver > spleen > kidney > blood as evident by the OTM. A significant increase ( p < 0.05) in the level of antioxidant enzymes (CAT and SOD) and LPO with a concurrent decrease in GSH in the liver of treated mice was also observed. Our finding demonstrates that the MSL induces DNA damage in the somatic tissues and organs of mouse as well as induces oxidative stress in the liver. These tissues and organs may be the potential targets in animal and human populations exposed to MSL. This is of relevance to public health; as such exposure could lead to adverse health effects via systemic genotoxicity.

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Evaluation of the liver and blood micronucleus, and comet assay end points in a 14-day repeated-dose study with methyl carbamate and 1,3-propane sultone

Mutagenesis ◽

10.1093/mutage/geab034 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Honggang Tu ◽

Chunrong Yu ◽

Wen Tong ◽

Changhui Zhou ◽

Ruowan Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Comet Assay ◽

Comprehensive Evaluation ◽

Micronucleus Assay ◽

Negative Control ◽

Repeated Dose ◽

End Points ◽

Dose Study ◽

Novel Method ◽

Genotoxic Chemicals

Abstract The repeated-dose liver micronucleus (RDLMN) assay is a novel method for detecting genotoxic chemicals. Two carcinogens methyl carbamate (MC) and 1,3-propane sultone (PS) were evaluated for the liver micronucleus in a 14-day repeated-dose study with Crl: CD (SD) IGS rats. Additionally, micronucleated reticulocytes (MN-RET) in peripheral blood and DNA damage (alkaline comet assay) in the liver were also assessed in the same animals. Ten groups of five male Crl: CD (SD) IGS rats were treated once daily with MC (300, 600 or 1200 mg/kg/day), PS (37.5, 75 or 150 mg/kg/day), negative control or three positive controls by oral gavage for 15 days. Blood samples were collected at 3 h after the last administration for determining MN-RET frequencies (%MN-RET), and the livers were sampled for determining the frequency of micronuclei and DNA damage. MC was negative in the comet assay, liver micronucleus assay and reticulocyte micronucleus assay, while PS was positive in all three assays. These results are consistent with the previous genotoxic findings of MC and PS. Therefore, the liver micronucleus assay can be effectively integrated into repeated-dose studies in animals. Moreover, integration of multiple genotoxicity end points into one study can reduce the number of animals, boost the experimental efficiency, and provides a comprehensive evaluation of the genotoxic potential of chemicals.

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