Nutrition and reproduction

2011 ◽  
pp. 1263-1271
Author(s):  
Siew S. Lim ◽  
Robert J. Norman
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Nutritional Needs

Reproductive function is closely related to nutritional status. In the animal kingdom reproduction often takes place when food and climatic conditions are favourable towards optimal nutrition to maximize the survival of the offspring. This is sensible considering pregnancy and lactation are times of greatest nutritional needs in the life of female mammals. In humans, under- and over-nutrition as reflected in body weight and body composition significantly impact fertility. Aside from the mother’s energy status, her micronutrient adequacy throughout the pregnancy and lactation period also influences the development of the offspring.

Nutritional status of children with familial hypercholesterolemia

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
D. A. Polunina ◽  
M. E. Bagaeva ◽  
E. V. Pavlovskaya ◽  
T. V. Strokova
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Familial Hypercholesterolemia ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children

Aim. To study the features of the nutritional status, including physical growth, body composition, energy value of the diet and the amount of cholesterol consumed with food, in children with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH).Patients and methods. The study included 39 children (19 girls, 20 boys) with familial hypercholesterolemia, both genetically confirmed (n = 11) and established on the basis of Simon Broome criteria (n = 28), aged 9.9 [6.0; 12.9] years. All children were assessed for physical growth based on the Z-score BMI, Z-score height, Z-score body weight/height calculated using the programs Anthro and Anthro plus; analysis of actual nutrition using a standard application program; study of body composition using the InBody 770 bioimpedance analyzer, the basal metabolic rate measured by indirect calorimetry.Results. 55 % of children with FH had harmonious physical growth, 27 % had a body weight deficit, 18 % were overweight or obese. 53 % of patients consumed more than 200 mg of cholesterol per day, while half of them consumed more than 300 mg of cholesterol per day. The range of excess consumption of cholesterol in comparison to the recommended physiological needs for patints with FH ranged from 24 to 67 %. The fat mass according to the body composition in 47 % of patients with FH is within the normal range, in 39 % it is reduced by 18-74 %, in 14 % it is increased by 14-197 %. The median fat percentage was 17.8 [12.7; 22.4]%. According to indirect calorimetry, it was found that the level of resting energy needs corresponded to age needs in 21 % patients, in 8 % it was decreased of 2-26 %, in 2/3 of children its increase was recorded by 3-69 %. The rate of fat oxidation, on the contrary, was increased in 71 % of children by 3-86 % and reduced only in 6 %.Conclusion. The physical growth of children with FH was mainly average, harmonious, while a third of the children had a mass deficit. The level of the main indicators of lipid metabolism did not depend on the physical growth of patients. This pathology in children with normal body weight or with a body weight deficit often remains undiagnosed.

Body Condition Score (BCS) and Body Weight of Nellore Brown Sheep at Various Reproductive Stages in Different Systems of Rearing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Rangamma ◽  
A. Sarat Chandra ◽  
N. Rajanna ◽  
M. Gnana Prakash ◽  
M. Venkateswarulu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

Background: Body Condition Score in sheep was used to evaluate the adequacy of previous feed supply, decide potential feed requirements in the future, evaluate individual animal health status, decide animal condition during daily routine, welfare inspection and in meat production systems.Methods: 60 Nellore brown ewes from Livestock Research Station, Mamnoor, Warangal district was randomly allotted to three rearing systems i.e Intensive (G1), Semi-intensive (G2) and Extensive (G3) system of each 20 animals. BCS and Body weight of the sheep was recorded at various reproductive stages i.e. just before breeding of animals, during pregnancy and lactation period to assess the nutritional status and reproductive performance of the sheep.Result: The mean average body weight (Kg) of pregnant ewes in G2 group had no significant (P less than 0.05) difference with G3 group. The average mean body weight (Kg) of ewes in G1 (27.58 ± 0.37kg) group had significant (P less than 0.05) difference with G2 (25.50 ± 0.32kg) group during lactation period of 90 days. The total gain of BCS during pregnancy period in the G1, G2 and G3 groups were 0.63 ± 0.06, 0.53 ± 0.06 and 0.44 ± 0.11, respectively. The overall mean BCS of the ewes 48hrs after lambing was higher in G1 (3.0 ± 0.10) group followed by G2 (2.73 ± 0.10) and G3 (2.38 ± 0.08) group.

scholarly journals Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and body composition of breast-feeding mothers: the potential role of unsaturated fatty acids

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Tabasso ◽  
Domenica Mallardi ◽  
Ylenia Corti ◽  
Michela Perrone ◽  
Pasqua Piemontese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Impact

Abstract A paucity of evidence is available regarding the impact of diet's quality during pregnancy and lactation on the body composition of breast-feeding mothers. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the association between maternal degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and body composition measures specifically those relating to body fat, in the lactation period. A cross-sectional study on healthy mothers of full-term babies has been conducted. At 30 ± 10 d after delivery, anthropometric measurements and body composition were assessed. A food frequency questionnaire was performed to compute the Italian Mediterranean Index (IMI) score as an index of adherence to the MD. Data related to pregnancy such as pre-pregnancy weight, gestational weight gain and morbidities were also collected. The 147 mothers included were categorised in IMI-1 (IMI score < 5; n 92) and IMI-2 (IMI score ≥ 5; n 55) groups. IMI-2 mothers showed higher daily energy, total carbohydrates, starch and fibre intakes than IMI-1. The dietary habits of IMI-2 mothers reflect the typical characteristics of MD: they consumed higher quantities of proteins and lipids of vegetal origin, higher amounts of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and lower saturated to PUFAs ratio. The IMI-2 group showed lower absolute fat mass and fat mass index compared to IMI-1 [(20⋅2 ± 5⋅9) v. (22⋅9 ± 8⋅4) kg; P 0⋅036 and (7⋅5 ± 2⋅2) v. (8⋅5 ± 3⋅1) kg/m2; P 0⋅036, respectively], whereas body weight [(61⋅1 ± 8⋅0) v. (63⋅3 ± 9⋅2) kg] and body mass index [(22⋅4 ± 2⋅6) v. (23⋅3 ± 3⋅5) kg/m2] were similar. The degree of adherence to the MD during pregnancy and lactation is positively associated with lower maternal fat deposition in the breast-feeding period. The higher quality of dietary lipids, probably in synergy with the assumption of starchy carbohydrates and fibre, could influence maternal body fat.

Studies of the Toxicological Potential of Capsinoids: III. A Two-Generation Reproduction Study of CH-19 Sweet Extract in Rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 29-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terutaka Kodama ◽  
Eri Watanabe ◽  
Takeshi Masuyama ◽  
Shoji Tsubuku ◽  
Akira Otabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Test Substance ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Reproduction Study

CH-19 Sweet extract, containing 66.5 to 75.05 mg/ml capsinoids, was administered once daily by gavage, to two generations of male and female Sprague-Dawley rats, at dose levels of 0 (vehicle), 1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 ml/kg/day (83.13 to 93.81,166.25 to 187.63, and 332.50 to 375.25 mg/kg as capsinoids, respectively) in order to determine its potential reproductive effects. In the first generation (F0) males and females, there were no test substance–related deaths, toxic changes, gross pathological findings, or adverse findings in clinical signs, body weight, or food consumption. There were no test substance–related effects on estrous cycles, copulation index, days required for copulation, fertility index, number of implantations, gestation period, number of liveborn pups, delivery index, stillbirth index, livebirth index, or lactation or nursing. In the second generation (F1), there were no test substance–related changes observed in clinical signs, body weights, sex ratios at birth, external abnormalities, differences in survival at any point from birth to weaning, and no deaths after weaning. There were no changes suggestive of adverse test substance–induced effects on body weight, food consumption, or external differentiation after birth, and there was no test substance–related damage on sensory/reflex functions. As with the first generation, there were no test substance–related effects on reproductive indices, in the offspring, no untoward effects on development, viability during the lactation period, body weight, external differentiation, or sensory/reflex functions, and there were no gross morphological abnormalities. Based on these results, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of CH-19 Sweet extract on the reproductive function and growth of offspring in this two generation study was judged to be 5.0 ml/kg/day (332.50 to 375.25 mg/kg as capsinoids).

Fructose consumption during pregnancy and lactation causes DNA damage and biochemical changes in female mice

Mutagenesis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Marina Lummertz Magenis ◽  
Adriani Paganini Damiani ◽  
Pamela Souza de Marcos ◽  
Ellen de Pieri ◽  
Emanuel de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Swiss Mice ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Consumption Energy ◽  
Fasting Glycaemia ◽  
Control Water

Abstract The consumption of fructose during pregnancy can cause hyperglycaemia and may stimulate production of reactive oxygen species; however, there are only a few studies reporting whether fructose consumption during pregnancy causes DNA damage. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of fructose consumption on genetic and biochemical parameters in Swiss mice treated during pregnancy and lactation. For this, 15 couples of 60-day-old Swiss mice were divided into three groups of five couples: negative control (water) and two fructose groups (fructose dose of 10%/l and 20%/l). During this period, we evaluated food consumption, energy efficiency and body weight. Samples of blood were collected from the females before copulation, after the 15th day of conception and on the 21st day after the lactation period, for the glycaemic and lipid profiles as well as comet assay and micronucleus (MN) test. Comet assay and MN test evaluate DNA damage and clastogenicity, respectively. In the gestation and lactation period, the two fructose doses tested showed DNA damage as observed in the comet assay, which is associated with an increase in dietary intake, body weight, lipid profile and fasting glycaemia in females. Thus, it can be suggested that the high consumption of fructose during these periods is harmful for pregnancy and lactation.

scholarly journals Parents ethanol use impairs ethanol-naive offspring development and reproduction

Reproduction ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Caroline Fioravante ◽  
Alana Rezende Godoi ◽  
Victória Mokarzel de Barros Camargo ◽  
Renata Steffany do Nascimento ◽  
Patricia Fernanda Felipe Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Ethanol Consumption ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Feeding Pattern ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cycle Duration ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Offspring Development ◽  
Puberty Onset

Parental ethanol consumption can influence the offspring phenotype. In this way, we analyzed the impairments of maternal and paternal high ethanol consumption during postpuberty on the physical development, feeding pattern, puberty onset and reproductive function of ethanol-naive offspring to birth to adulthood. Female and male UChB rats (voluntary 10% v/v ethanol consumer) were divided into a control group (C) and an ethanol exposed group (E) from 65 to 80 days of age. The C and E were mated at 100 days. The maternal parameters and offspring development and reproduction parameters were monitored. We observed reduced feeding intake and body weight in the dams of E group throughout gestation and lactation period. Delay in physical development, lower body weight and altered feeding pattern were observed in female and male offspring of E group. In addition, the puberty onset was delayed in both sexes, with lower testosterone levels in the juvenile and pubertal males. There was a prolongation on the estrous and proestrus phases in females from E but the estrous cycle duration did not change between groups. Ovary and uterus weight were reduced in pubertal and adult females from E group. Reduced epididymis and seminal vesicle weight, increased sperm abnormalities, decrease in the daily sperm production and accelerated epididymal transit time were observed in E males. The high maternal and paternal ethanol use on postpuberty impairs the parameters of ethanol-naive offspring inducing alteration on development and reproduction.

Long-term performance and body composition of sows given differing levels of feed intake during pregnancy and lactation

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 ◽  
pp. 84-84
Author(s):  
Pauline A Lee ◽  
W H Close ◽  
J Wood
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Creep Feed ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance

The present experiment was designed to investigate the influence of variations in energy intake during both pregnancy and lactation on changes in body weight, backfat and body composition of the sow after four parities and the extent to which these may have influenced overall sow productivity.The experiment has been designed in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement involving two levels of feeding during both pregnancy and lactation. The feeding levels in pregnancy were planned to produce net maternal body weight gains of 30kg (H) and 10kg (L). At each of these, two feeding regimes were applied during a 3 week lactation, one being at a conventional level (H) and the other 25% below this (L). The experiment thus involved four groups of animals given different levels of feeding during both pregnancy and lactation, designated: High-High (HH), High-Low (HL), Low-High (LH), Low-Low (LL). No creep feed was provided to the piglets during the suckling period. At the start of the experiment the gilts weighed 115kg live weight with a backfat thickness at the P2 position of 18mm. They remained on the same treatment throughout four parities and were slaughtered after weaning their fourth litters when the carcasses were retained for analysis. Data are presented from 66 sows; 17(HH), 17(HL), 16(LH), 16(LL).

scholarly journals Effect on an Oral Nutritional Supplement with β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate and Vitamin D on Morphofunctional Aspects, Body Composition, and Phase Angle in Malnourished Patients

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4355
Author(s):  
Isabel Cornejo-Pareja ◽  
Maria Ramirez ◽  
Maria Camprubi-Robles ◽  
Ricardo Rueda ◽  
Isabel Maria Vegas-Aguilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Phase Angle ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Final Visit ◽  
Oral Nutritional Supplement

This is a retrospective study of data from clinical practice to observe the effect of a high-calorie, high-protein oral nutritional supplement (ONS) with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on nutritional status, body weight, and muscle-related parameters in 283 adult patients with or at risk of malnutrition under standard of care, 63% being cancer patients. They were recommended to increase physical activity and energy and protein intake from regular diet plus two servings per day of a specialized ONS enriched with HMB or standard ONS for up to 6 months. Dietary records, adherence and tolerance to ONS, nutritional status, body composition, handgrip strength, and blood analysis at the beginning and the end of the intervention were recorded. This program improved nutritional status from 100% malnourished or at risk of malnutrition at baseline to 80% well-nourished at final visit. It also increased body weight by 3.6–3.8 kg, fat-free mass by 0.9 to 1.3 kg, and handgrip strength by 4.7 to 6.2 kg. In a subgroup of patients (n = 43), phase angle (PhA), and body cell mass (BCM) increased only in the patients receiving the ONS enriched with HMB (0.95 (0.13) vs. −0.36 (0.4), and 2.98 (0.5) vs. −0.6 (1.5) kg, mean difference (SE) from baseline for PhA and BCM, respectively), suggesting the potential efficacy of this supplement on muscle health.

scholarly journals Gambaran Sarapan dan Status Gizi Pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Riau Angkatan 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Isnani Kurniyanti ◽  
Erwin Christianto ◽  
Ismawati Ismawati
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Ideal Body Weight ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Ideal Body ◽  
Waking Up

Breakfast is an activity of eating and drinking between waking up to 9 am to fulfill some of the daily nutritional needs(15-30% nutritional needs). The benefits of breakfast are maintaining an ideal body weight because breakfast canreduce the amount of food you eat throughout the day. The purpose of this study was to find out the description ofbreakfast and Body Mass Index (BMI) in students of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Riau in 2017. This researchwas descriptive study with 121 samples. The results showed 16.3% obese I and 8.1% obese II. Respondents with goodbreakfast calories tend to have good nutritional status of 50.0%.

Effect of postnatal overfeeding on the male and female Wistar rat reproductive parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 667-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. G. Costa ◽  
A. E. Andreazzi ◽  
M. Bolotari ◽  
C. G. Lade ◽  
M. O. Guerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reduction Method ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Rapid Weight Gain ◽  
Male And Female

AbstractOverweight/obesity has become a worldwide epidemic, and factors such as a sedentary lifestyle and inadequate eating habits directly contribute to the development of this condition. Studies indicate that rapid weight gain at critical development stages, such as the lactation period, is associated with the development of obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes in the long term. In addition to metabolic changes during adulthood, overweight/obesity may influence reproductive function of the population. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate postnatal overfeeding effects on male and female Wistar rat reproductive parameters. Postnatal overfeeding was induced by applying the litter reduction method for both sexes. Forty animals were used, divided into four groups: two with normal litters (NL♂ and NL♀) and two with small litters (SL♂ and SL♀). The males were euthanized at 90 days of age, on the same date the females were mated. Females were also euthanized after the 20-day gestation. Metabolic and reproductive variables were analyzed. Regarding males, SL animals showed increased body weight, adiposity, and decreased relative weight of the seminal vesicle, prostate, and epididymis as well as changes in the ITT and OGTT glycemic tests. Concerning females, SL animals presented increased body weight, relative perigonadal fat weight, glucose intolerance as well as modify the vaginal opening and increased weight of female pup. The litter reduction method was efficient in leading to metabolic and reproductive alterations in male and female Wistar rat.

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