scholarly journals P1401THE REMOVAL EFFICIENCY OF PHOSPHATE FROM INTRACELLULAR FLUID DURING HEMODIALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Kikuchi ◽  
Hisaki Shimada ◽  
Ryo Karasawa ◽  
Masashi Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Residual Renal Function ◽  
Intracellular Fluid ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Exchange Resins ◽  
Total P ◽  
P Removal

Abstract Background and Aims In hemodialysis (HD) patients without residual renal function, almost all of phosphate (P) absorbed through intestine is eliminated with HD. To avoid hyperphosphatemia, which is major risk for mortality in HD patients, reduced P absorption and /or improved P removal efficiency should be required. The P elimination during HD from intracellular fluid (ICF) remarkably differs from that from extracellular fluid (ECF). Because the total P removal is too complicate to analyze, few studies about P removal efficiency have been performed. In this study, we tried to separately estimate the amount of P removal from ICF and ECF. Method Fifty-eight patients undergoing 4-hour HD with BMI 22±3 were enrolled this study. ECF and ICF volumes were considered respectively as 20% and 40% of body weight (BW). The amount of urea nitrogen (UN) removal (Run) was calculated using the values of serum UN concentration (UN0, UN4) and total body fluid (60% of BW) at pre and post HD as 0.6(UN0 x pre BW – UN4 x post BW). The amount of intradialytic total P removal (Rp) was calculated using the formula previously reported. At starting phase of HD, P is considered to be removed only from ECF, and from ECF and ICF at later stage. In initial hours, when P is removed only from ECF, serum P concentration change exponentially (P = KptP0) as serum UN concentration (UN = KuntUN0). (Where, Kun and Kp are exponential coefficient of UN and P respectively, t is time (min), P0 is serum P concentration before HD). If P outflow from ICF is disregarded, the exponential change in P persists, and serum P concentration at the end of 4-hour HD is Kp240P0. Consequently, the amount of P removal from ECF (Rp(ex)) was calculated as 0.2(P0 x preBW - Kp240P0 x postBW). The exponential coefficient in P change was reported to be 0.997788 times of that in UN. The amount of P removal from ICF (Rp(in)) was calculated as difference between Rp and Rp(ex). Each removal efficiency was calculate as Run/UN0, Rp(ex)/P0 or Rp(in)/P0. Intradialytic removal of P from ECF and ICF were compared with that of UN. Regression analysis was performed on 24 factors which might affect the efficiency. The relationship between drug administration and the removal efficiency was investigated as for 22 drugs. Results UN removal and P removal from ECF were closely related. Run and Rp(ex) had positive correlation (0.564, p<0.001). And Run/UN0 also correlated positively to Rp(ex)/P0 (R=0.970, p<0.001). Rp(ex)/P0 and P0 had a positive correlation (R=0.334, p<0.01) as well as Run/UN0 and UN0 (R=0.382, p<0.01). P removal from ICF showed different pattern. In comparison between P removal from ECF and ICF, removal amount showed positive correlation (R=0.634, p<0.001), but removal efficiency showed no correlation(R=0.006, ns). Notably, Rp(in)/P0 and P0 had negative correlation (R=0.315, p<0.02). Rp(in) accounted for 44.6±6.2% of Rp. On regression analysis concerning the 24 factors, only P0 and its confounding factors showed correlation with Rp(ex), Rp(in), Rp(ex)/P0 or Rp(in)/P0. Rp(ex)/P0 or Rp(in)/P0 were not affected with administration of 22 investigated drugs. To exclude the influence of P0 on Rp(in)/P0, adjusted Rp(in)/P0 (removal efficiency of P from ICF not affected by P0) was calculated. Investigation on iron containing P binders and ion exchange resins revealed each drug groups ameliorated adjusted Rp(in)/P0. Conclusion This is the first report to analyze separately P removal from ECF and ICF during HD. Increased UN removal efficiency results in increased the removal efficiency of P from ECF, but did not improved that from ICF. Rp(in) accounts for about half of Rp. For improving total P removal efficiency, removal efficiency of P from ICF should be increased. Some drugs were suggested to increase removal efficiency of P from ICF.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF FERRIC SULPHATE FOR REMOVAL OF PHOSPHORUS FROM MEAT PROCESSING WASTEWATER

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerijus GASIŪNAS
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Meat Processing ◽  
Ferric Sulphate ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Total P ◽  
P Removal

Meat processing wastewater is heavily contaminated with phosphorus. It can be removed from wastewater by the use of flocculants. Phosphorus removal efficiency was estimated by treating wastewater with ferric sulphate flocculant, containing 11.5 percent of the active ingredient Fe3+ by weight. The research was conducted with wastewater pretreated in an aeration tank. Wastewater, containing 41.0 ± 3.5 mg l-1 of total phosphorus (TP), was dispensed into calibrated 1.0 liter containers with the following concentrations of flocculating agent: 0, 30, 75, 120, 150, 300, 450, 600, 750, 900 and 1,050 mg/l. The study showed that TP removal efficiency depends on the flocculant dose used for treatment. Increasing the flocculant dose decreases the efficiency of TP removal. One gram of Fe3+, given the flocculant dose of 40 gFe3+/m3, removed 0.5 g/m3 of TP, while 120 g/m3 of the flocculant removed around 40 percent less. According to the dependence of total P removed on the flocculant dose calculated by its active ingredient Fe3+, ferric sulphate flocculant is the most effective at doses of up to 60–80 g/m3 of Fe3+. The use of ferric sulphate may be limited by its impact on pH and sulphate concentrations in the effluent wastewater. If pH is not additionally adjusted, a maximum concentration of 70 g Fe3+/m3 can be used in order to maintain the pH of wastewater above 6.5 and to keep final sulphate concentration below 300 mg/l. In summary, a maximum of 70 g Fe3+/m3 can be used based on the total P removal efficiency and limiting factors. Such dose could remove 28 g total P/m3 from the wastewater. Since the permissible total P concentration in effluent wastewater is 4.0 mg/l, it is reasonable to use the ferric sulphate flocculant, containing 11.5 % of Fe3+ as an active ingredient, for treating wastewater with an initial total P concentration of up to 32 mg/l.

scholarly journals Supporting constructed wetlands in P removal efficiency from surface water

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 2554-2561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Bus ◽  
Agnieszka Karczmarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Reactive Material ◽  
Autoclaved Aerated Concrete ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Aerated Concrete ◽  
P Removal

The research investigated the implementation of suspended reactive filters to support the phosphorus (P) removal efficiency of constructed wetlands (CWs). The reactive material (RM) used in this study was autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC). The laboratory experiment consists of four plastic boxes filled with the volume of 10 L of artificial P solution with three variants of RM mass to volume ratio: 1:1 (g:L), 5:1 (g:L), 10:1 (g:L), and the blind probe 0:1 (g:L) as a reference. AAC of different weights (10, 50 and 100 g) was wrapped in a filter bag, put into boxes, and suspended. After 30 days of the laboratory experiment, AAC was able to reduce the P-PO4 concentration from 2.972 mg·L−1 to: 0.341 mgPO4-P·L−1, 0.006 mgPO4-P·L−1 and 0.004 mgPO4-P·L−1 for 10 g, 50 g and 100 g mass variant, respectively. This concentration reduction corresponds to unit sorption of: 2.53 mgP-PO4·g−1, 0.58 mgP-PO4·g−1 and 0.30 mgP-PO4·g−1 for 10 g, 50 g and 100 g, respectively. Based on the obtained data, the CW supporting filter was dimensioned to reduce the outflow P concentration to 0.01 mg·L−1. P removal efficiency prediction was calculated for Cetynia River, Poland.

scholarly journals Combined Predictive Value of Extracellular Fluid/Intracellular Fluid Ratio and the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index for Mortality in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Yajima ◽  
Kumiko Yajima ◽  
Hiroshi Takahashi ◽  
Keigo Yasuda
Keyword(s):  
Risk Model ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Nutritional Risk ◽  
Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index ◽  
Protein Energy Wasting ◽  
Intracellular Fluid ◽  
Net Reclassification Improvement ◽  
Nutritional Risk Index

The ratio of extracellular fluid (ECF) to intracellular fluid (ICF) may be associated with mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis, possibly associated with protein-energy wasting. We therefore investigated the relationship of the ECF/ICF ratio and the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) with the all-cause and cardiovascular-specific mortality in 234 patients undergoing hemodialysis. Bioimpedance analysis of the ECF and ICF was performed and the ECF/ICF ratio was independently associated with GNRI (β = −0.247, p < 0.0001). During a median follow-up of 2.8 years, 72 patients died, of which 29 were cardiovascular. All-cause mortality was independently associated with a lower GNRI (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 3.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.01–6.25) and a higher ECF/ICF ratio (aHR 11.38, 95%CI 5.29–27.89). Next, we divided patients into four groups: group 1 (G1), higher GNRI and lower ECF/ICF ratio; G2, lower GNRI and lower ECF/ICF ratio; G3, higher GNRI and higher ECF/ICF ratio; and G4, lower GNRI and higher ECF/ICF ratio. Analysis of these groups revealed 10-year survival rates of 91.2%, 67.2%, 0%, and 0% in G1, G2, G3, and G4, respectively. The aHR for G4 versus G1 was 43.4 (95%CI 12.2–279.8). Adding the GNRI alone, the ECF/ICF ratio alone, or both to the established risk model improved the net reclassification improvement by 0.444, 0.793 and 0.920, respectively. Similar results were obtained for cardiovascular mortality. In conclusion, the ECF/ICF ratio was independently associated with GNRI and could predict mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Combining the GNRI and ECF/ICF ratio could improve mortality predictions.

scholarly journals Study on the relationship of depression, anxiety, lifestyle and eating habits with the severity of reflux esophagitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongxin Wang ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Shuiqing Hu
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Reflux Esophagitis ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background The etiology of reflux esophagitis (RE) is multi-factorial. This study analyzed the relationship of depression, anxiety, lifestyle and eating habits with RE and its severity and further explored the impact of anxiety and depression on patients’ symptoms and quality of life. Methods From September 2016 to February 2018, a total of 689 subjects at Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University participated in this survey. They were divided into the RE group (patients diagnosed with RE on gastroscopy, n = 361) and the control group (healthy individuals without heartburn, regurgitation and other gastrointestinal symptoms, n = 328). The survey included general demographic information, lifestyle habits, eating habits, comorbidities, current medications, the gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) questionnaire (GerdQ), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 depression scale and the General Anxiety Disorder-7 anxiety scale. Results The mean age and sex ratio of the two groups were similar. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the following factors as related to the onset of RE (p < 0.05): low education level; drinking strong tea; preferences for sweets, noodles and acidic foods; sleeping on a low pillow; overeating; a short interval between dinner and sleep; anxiety; depression; constipation; history of hypertension; and use of oral calcium channel blockers. Ordinal logistic regression analysis revealed a positive correlation between sleeping on a low pillow and RE severity (p = 0.025). Depression had a positive correlation with the severity of symptoms (rs = 0.375, p < 0.001) and patients’ quality of life (rs = 0.306, p < 0.001), whereas anxiety showed no such association. Conclusions Many lifestyle factors and eating habits were correlated with the onset of RE. Notably, sleeping on a low pillow was positively correlated with RE severity, and depression was positively related to the severity of symptoms and patients’ quality of life.

scholarly journals Genetic variation of seed phosphorus concentration in winter oilseed rape and development of a NIRS calibration

Euphytica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Eifler ◽  
Jürgen Enno Wick ◽  
Bernd Steingrobe ◽  
Christian Möllers
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Organic P ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Total P

AbstractPhytic acid is the major organic phosphorus storage compound in rapeseed. Following oil extraction, the defatted meal is used in feed mixtures for livestock. However, monogastric pigs and chickens can only poorly metabolize phytate. Hence, their excrements are rich in phosphorus (P), which when applied as manure may lead to eutrophication of surface waters. The aim of the present study was to analyze the genetic variation for total and organic P concentration (i.e. mainly phytate) in rapeseed and to compare the results with soybean. Two sets of rapeseed material were tested in field experiments in different environments with varying soil P levels and harvested seeds were used for seed quality analysis. Results revealed significant genotypic differences in total seed P concentration, which ranged from 0.47 to 0.94%. Depending on the experiment, the heritability for total P concentration ranged from 52 to 93%. The organic P portion of total P concentration was above 90% for current rapeseed hybrids. In both sets, there was a significant positive correlation between seed protein and P concentration. A NIRS calibration for total P concentration in intact seeds showed in cross validation a standard error of 0.05% and a coefficient of determination of R2 = 0.83. Total P concentration of soybean seeds and meal was between 0.55 and 0.65%, and around 1.1% for rapeseed meal. Rapeseed meal had a twofold higher ratio of total P to nitrogen concentration as compared to soybean which could be considered adverse when the meal is used for feeding livestock.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution patterns of soil total phosphorus influenced by climatic factors in China’s forest ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhu ◽  
Anchi Wu ◽  
Guoyi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Single Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
P Distribution ◽  
Total P

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is an important element in terrestrial ecosystems and plays a critical role in soil quality and ecosystem productivity. Soil total P distributions have undergone large spatial changes as a result of centuries of climate change. It is necessary to study the characteristics of the horizontal and vertical distributions of soil total P and its influencing factors. In particular, the influence of climatic factors on the spatial distribution of soil total P in China’s forest ecosystems remain relatively unknown. Here, we conducted an intensive field investigation in different forest ecosystems in China to assess the effect of climatic factors on soil total P concentration and distribution. The results showed that soil total P concentration significantly decreased with increasing soil depth. The spatial distribution of soil total P increased with increasing latitude and elevation gradient but decreased with increasing longitude gradient. Random forest models and linear regression analyses showed that the explanation rate of bioclimatic factors and their relationship with soil total P concentration gradually decreased with increasing soil depths. Variance partitioning analysis demonstrated that the most important factor affecting soil total P distribution was the combined effect of temperature and precipitation factor, and the single effect of temperature factors had a higher explanation rate compare with the single effect of precipitation factors. This work provides a new farmework for the geographic distribution pattern of soil total P and the impact of climate variability on P distribution in forest ecosystems.

Influence of phosphorus scavenging by iron in contrasting dimictic lakes

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 941-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam R. Hoffman ◽  
David E. Armstrong ◽  
Richard C. Lathrop
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Trophic State ◽  
Internal Loading ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Regulatory Controls ◽  
Total P ◽  
P Removal

Internal regulatory controls of phosphorus (P) via iron (Fe) scavenging were quantified in four contrasting dimictic Wisconsin lakes: Mendota (eutrophic, calcareous), Fish (mesotrophic, calcareous), Devil’s (mesotrophic, noncalcareous), and Sparkling (oligotrophic, noncalcareous). Hypolimnetic enrichment of P was highest in Mendota and Devil’s and least in Fish and Sparkling. This enrichment was attributed mainly to internal loading in the noncalcareous lakes and regeneration of sedimenting epilimnetic P in the calcareous lakes. Differences in Fe scavenging efficiencies at fall turnover were related to hypolimnetic Fe:P molar ratios as well as Fe availability and its control by sulfate–sulfide chemistries. In the noncalcareous lakes with high hypolimnetic Fe enrichment (Fe:P > 2), 45% of whole-lake total P was removed. P removal was low (<20%) in the two calcareous lakes with minimal Fe enrichment (Fe:P < 2). These differences in hypolimnetic P enrichment and subsequent Fe scavenging at fall turnover help to explain the differences in the amount of P available for subsequent spring and summer primary production as well as the differences in trophic state of the four lakes.

Evaluation of tephra for removing phosphorus from dairy farm drainage waters

Soil Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 542 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Hanly ◽  
M. J. Hedley ◽  
D. J. Horne
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
P Adsorption ◽  
Drainage Waters ◽  
P Removal

Research was conducted in the Manawatu region, New Zealand, to investigate the ability of Papakai tephra to remove phosphorus (P) from dairy farm mole and pipe drainage waters. The capacity of this tephra to adsorb P was quantified in the laboratory using a series of column experiments and was further evaluated in a field study. In a column experiment, the P adsorption capabilities of 2 particle size factions (0.25–1, 1–2 mm) of Papakai tephra were compared with that of an Allophanic Soil (Patua soil) known to have high P adsorption properties. The experiment used a synthetic P influent solution (12 mg P/L) and a solution residence time in the columns of c. 35 min. By the end of the experiment, the 0.25–1 mm tephra removed an estimated 2.6 mg P/g tephra at an average P removal efficiency of 86%. The 1–2 mm tephra removed 1.6 mg P/g tephra at an average removal efficiency of 58%. In comparison, the Patua soil removed 3.1 mg P/g soil at a P removal efficiency of 86%. Although, the Patua soil was sieved to 1–2 mm, this size range consisted of aggregates of finer particles, which is likely to have contributed to this material having a higher P adsorbing capacity. A field study was established on a Pallic Soil, under grazed dairy pastures, to compare drainage water P concentrations from standard mole and pipe drainage systems (control) and drainage systems incorporating Papakai tephra. The 2 tephra treatments involved filling mole channels with 1–4 mm tephra (Mole-fill treatment) or filling the trench above intercepting drainage pipes with ‘as received’ tephra (Back-fill treatment). Over an entire winter drainage season, the quantity of total P (TP) lost from the control treatment drainage system was 0.30 kg P/ha. The average TP losses for the Mole-fill and the Back-fill treatments were 45% and 47% lower than the control treatment, respectively.

Preliminary Discussion on the Activity of Denitrifying Phosphorus-Removing Bacteria in Sequencing Batch Reactors by Quinone Profile Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 440-443
Author(s):  
Yu Jiao Luo ◽  
Ling Feng Qiu ◽  
Yi Ming Chen ◽  
Jian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactors ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Preliminary Discussion ◽  
Important Index ◽  
Quinone Profile

Based on DPBs (Denitrifying Phosphorus-removing Bacteria) obtained from a lab-scale SBR, a quinone profile system had been established to analyze quinones in sludge samples. There existed a positive correlation between the contents of UQ-8 extracted from the sludge samples and the denitrifying and phosphorus removal efficiency of the treating system. With quinone profiles taken as a new important index, it was evidently feasible to determine the removal effect.

The impact of biomass harvesting on phosphorus uptake by wetland plants

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
S-Y. Kim ◽  
P.M. Geary
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Biomass Harvesting ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total P ◽  
Better Than ◽  
P Removal

Two species of macrophytes, Baumea articulata and Schoenoplectus mucronatus, were examined for their capacity to remove phosphorus under nutrient-rich conditions. Forty large bucket systems with the two different species growing in two types of substrate received artificial wastewaters for nine months, simulating a constructed wetland (CW) under high loading conditions. Half of the plants growing in the topsoil and gravel substrates were periodically harvested whereas the other half remained intact. Plant tissue and substrate samples were regularly analysed to determine their phosphorus concentrations. With respect to phosphorus uptake and removal, the Schoenoplectus in the topsoil medium performed better than the Baumea. Biomass harvesting enhanced P uptake in the Schoenoplectus, however the effect was not significant enough to make an improvement on the overall P removal, due to the slow recovery of plants and regrowth of biomass after harvesting. From P partitioning, it was found that the topsoil medium was the major P pool, storing most of total P present in the system. Plant parts contributed only minor storage with approximately half of that P stored below ground in the plant roots. The overall net effect of harvesting plant biomass was to only remove less than 5% of total phosphorus present in the system.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document