scholarly journals Sex Difference in Language Processing in Patients With Malignant Brain Tumors

Neurosurgery ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun Yao ◽  
Einat Liebenthal ◽  
Parikshit Juvekar ◽  
Adomas Bunevicius ◽  
Matthew Vera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Language Function ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Brain Organization ◽  
Malignant Brain Tumors ◽  
Parietal Lobule

Abstract INTRODUCTION Numerous differences between males and females in brain organization have been described including in the development, performance, and lateralization of language function. However, there is very limited knowledge of whether language processing differs across sex in patients with brain lesions. In particular, malignant brain tumors (MBT) demonstrate significant sex differences in incidence and long-term survival. Given the importance of brain organization and planning surgical treatment for patients with brain tumors, we investigated the effect of sex on the organization of language in a cohort of patients with MBT. METHODS In the current study, we carried out a retrospective analysis in 47 patients with MBT (22 females, 25 males), retrieving their clinical characteristics and task-based and resting-state functional magnetic resonance image (fMRI) data from our clinical database. General Linear Model (GLM) and region-of-interest (ROI) based resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) analyses were applied to explore the effect of sex on language tasks associated activations and functional connectivity. RESULTS Across the Sentence Completion task and Antonym Generation task, female patients showed greater activation volumes in the left inferior frontal gyrus, right precuneus, and left superior parietal lobule, while male patients showed larger clusters of activation of the left supplemental motor area (SMA), left inferior parietal lobule (IPL), left precuneus, bilateral precentral gyrus, and right supramarginal gyrus (SMG). Furthermore, the left SMA was a highly sex-specific brain area during the language performance, and it showed stronger resting-state correlations with brain areas within the intrinsic language network in females, while it showed stronger resting-state connections with brain areas involving the visuomotor/higher level cognitive functions in males. CONCLUSION These findings enhance our understanding of the role of sex in language organization in patients with MBT, helping neurosurgeons assess surgical risk and plan surgery in patients with MBT to best preserve language function.

scholarly journals Dysbalanced Resting-State Functional Connectivity Within the Praxis Network Is Linked to Gesture Deficits in Schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 905-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Wüthrich ◽  
Petra V Viher ◽  
Katharina Stegmayer ◽  
Andrea Federspiel ◽  
Stephan Bohlhalter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Parietal Lobule

Abstract Patients with schizophrenia frequently present deficits in gesture production and interpretation, greatly affecting their communication skills. As these gesture deficits can be found early in the course of illness and as they can predict later outcomes, exploring their neural basis may lead to a better understanding of schizophrenia. While gesturing has been reported to rely on a left lateralized network of brain regions, termed praxis network, in healthy subjects and lesioned patients, studies in patients with schizophrenia are sparse. It is currently unclear whether within-network connectivity at rest is linked to gesture deficit. Here, we compared the functional connectivity between regions of the praxis network at rest between 46 patients and 44 healthy controls. All participants completed a validated test of hand gesture performance before resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was acquired. Patients performed gestures poorer than controls in all categories and domains. In patients, we also found significantly higher resting-state functional connectivity between left precentral gyrus and bilateral superior and inferior parietal lobule. Likewise, patients had higher connectivity from right precentral gyrus to left inferior and bilateral superior parietal lobule (SPL). In contrast, they exhibited lower connectivity between bilateral superior temporal gyrus (STG). Connectivity between right precentral gyrus and left SPL, as well as connectivity between bilateral STG, correlated with gesture performance in healthy controls. We failed to detect similar correlations in patients. We suggest that altered resting-state functional connectivity within the praxis network perturbs correct gesture planning in patients, reflecting the gesture deficit often seen in schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Altered Spontaneous Brain Activity Patterns and Functional Connectivity in Adults With Intermittent Exotropia: A Resting-State fMRI Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueying He ◽  
Jie Hong ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Yanan Guo ◽  
Ting Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Intermittent Exotropia ◽  
Parietal Lobule ◽  
The Right ◽  
Left Middle

The purpose of this study is to investigate brain functional changes in patients with intermittent exotropia (IXT) by analyzing the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) of brain activity and functional connectivity (FC) using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). There were 26 IXT patients and 22 age-, sex-, education-, and handedness-matched healthy controls (HCs) enrolled who underwent rs-fMRI. The ALFF, fractional ALFF (fALFF) values in the slow 4 and slow 5 bands, and FC values were calculated and compared. The correlations between ALFF/fALFF values in discrepant brain regions and clinical features were evaluated. Compared with HCs, ALFF/fALFF values were significantly increased in the right angular gyrus (ANG), supramarginal gyrus (SMG), inferior parietal lobule (IPL), precentral gyrus (PreCG), and the bilateral inferior frontal gyri (IFG), and decreased in the right precuneus gyrus (PCUN), left middle occipital gyrus (MOG), and postcentral gyrus (PoCG) in IXT patients. The Newcastle Control Test score was negatively correlated with ALFF values in the right IFG (r = −0.738, p < 0.001). The duration of IXT was negatively correlated with ALFF values in the right ANG (r = −0.457, p = 0.049). Widespread increases in FC were observed between brain regions, mainly including the right cuneus (CUN), left superior parietal lobule (SPL), right rolandic operculum (ROL), left middle temporal gyrus (MTG), left IFG, left median cingulate gyrus (DCG), left PoCG, right PreCG, and left paracentral gyrus (PCL) in patients with IXT. No decreased FC was observed. Patients with IXT exhibited aberrant intrinsic brain activities and FC in vision- and eye movement-related brain regions, which extend current understanding of the neuropathological mechanisms underlying visual and oculomotor impairments in IXT patients.

scholarly journals Motor Imagery Training After Stroke Increases Slow-5 Oscillations and Functional Connectivity in the Ipsilesional Inferior Parietal Lobule

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Wang ◽  
Hewei Wang ◽  
Xin Xiong ◽  
Changhui Sun ◽  
Bing Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inferior Parietal Lobule ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Imagery Training ◽  
Parietal Lobule ◽  
Motor Areas

Background. Reorganization in motor areas have been suggested after motor imagery training (MIT). However, motor imagery involves a large-scale brain network, in which many regions, andnot only the motor areas, potentially constitute the neural substrate for MIT. Objective. This study aimed to identify the targets for MIT in stroke rehabilitation from a voxel-based whole brain analysis of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Methods. Thirty-four chronic stroke patients were recruited and randomly assigned to either an MIT group or a control group. The MIT group received a 4-week treatment of MIT plus conventional rehabilitation therapy (CRT), whereas the control group only received CRT. Before and after intervention, the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Limb subscale (FM-UL) and resting-state fMRI were collected. The fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) in the slow-5 band (0.01-0.027 Hz) was calculated across the whole brain to identify brain areas with distinct changes between 2 groups. These brain areas were then targeted as seeds to perform seed-based functional connectivity (FC) analysis. Results. In comparison with the control group, the MIT group exhibited more improvements in FM-UL and increased slow-5 fALFF in the ipsilesional inferior parietal lobule (IPL). The change of the slow-5 oscillations in the ipsilesional IPL was positively correlated with the improvement of FM-UL. The MIT group also showed distinct alternations in FCs of the ipsilesional IPL, which were correlated with the improvement of FM-UL. Conclusions. The rehabilitation efficiency of MIT was associated with increased slow-5 oscillations and altered FC in the ipsilesional IPL. Clinical Trial Registration. http://www.chictr.org.cn . Unique Identifier. ChiCTR-TRC-08003005.

scholarly journals Functional connectivity of fMRI using differential covariance predicts structural connectivity and behavioral reaction times

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusi Chen ◽  
Qasim Bukhari ◽  
Tiger Wutu Lin ◽  
Terrence J Sejnowski
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Human Connectome Project ◽  
Wide Range

Recordings from resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) reflect the influence of pathways between brain areas. A wide range of methods have been proposed to measure this functional connectivity (FC), but the lack of ''ground truth'' has made it difficult to systematically validate them. Most measures of FC produce connectivity estimates that are symmetrical between brain areas. Differential covariance (dCov) is an algorithm for analyzing FC with directed graph edges. Applied to synthetic datasets, dCov-FC was more effective than covariance and partial correlation in reducing false positive connections and more accurately matching the underlying structural connectivity. When we applied dCov-FC to resting state fMRI recordings from the human connectome project (HCP) and anesthetized mice, dCov-FC accurately identified strong cortical connections from diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI) in individual humans and viral tract tracing in mice. In addition, those HCP subjects whose rs-fMRI were more integrated, as assessed by a graph-theoretic measure, tended to have shorter reaction times in several behavioral tests. Thus, dCov-FC was able to identify anatomically verified connectivity that yielded measures of brain integration causally related to behavior.

scholarly journals Prevalent and sex-biased breathing patterns modify functional connectivity MRI in young adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles J. Lynch ◽  
Benjamin M. Silver ◽  
Marc J. Dubin ◽  
Alex Martin ◽  
Henning U. Voss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Breathing Patterns ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Brain Organization ◽  
Normal Breathing ◽  
Functional Connectivity Mri

Abstract Resting state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a tool for investigating human brain organization. Here we identify, visually and algorithmically, two prevalent influences on fMRI signals during 440 h of resting state scans in 440 healthy young adults, both caused by deviations from normal breathing which we term deep breaths and bursts. The two respiratory patterns have distinct influences on fMRI signals and signal covariance, distinct timescales, distinct cardiovascular correlates, and distinct tendencies to manifest by sex. Deep breaths are not sex-biased. Bursts, which are serial taperings of respiratory depth typically spanning minutes at a time, are more common in males. Bursts share features of chemoreflex-driven clinical breathing patterns that also occur primarily in males, with notable neurological, psychiatric, medical, and lifespan associations. These results identify common breathing patterns in healthy young adults with distinct influences on functional connectivity and an ability to differentially influence resting state fMRI studies.

scholarly journals Ballroom Dancing Promotes Neural Activity in the Sensorimotor System: A Resting-State fMRI Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingzhi Lu ◽  
Qi Zhao ◽  
Yingying Wang ◽  
Chenglin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Sensorimotor System ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Action Perception ◽  
Ballroom Dancing ◽  
Left Middle

Objective. This study aims at investigating differences in the spontaneous brain activity and functional connectivity in the sensorimotor system between ballroom dancers and nondancers, to further support the functional alteration in people with expertise. Materials and Methods. Twenty-three ballroom dancers and twenty-one matched novices with no dance experience were recruited in this study. Amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and seed-based functional connectivity, as methods for assessing resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data, were used to reveal the resting-state brain function in these participants. Results. Compared to the novices, ballroom dancers showed increased ALFF in the left middle temporal gyrus, bilateral precentral gyrus, bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, left postcentral gyrus, left inferior temporal gyrus, right middle occipital gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus, and left middle frontal gyrus. The ballroom dancers also demonstrated lower ALFF in the left lingual gyrus and altered functional connectivity between the inferior frontal gyrus and temporal, parietal regions. Conclusions. Our results indicated that ballroom dancers showed elevated neural activity in sensorimotor regions relative to novices and functional alterations in frontal-temporal and frontal-parietal connectivity, which may reflect specific training experience related to ballroom dancing, including high-capacity action perception, attentional control, and movement adjustment.

scholarly journals Additive and interaction effects of working memory and motor sequence training on brain functional connectivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priska Zuber ◽  
Laura Gaetano ◽  
Alessandra Griffa ◽  
Manuel Huerbin ◽  
Ludovico Pedullà ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Motor Sequence ◽  
Brain Functional Connectivity

AbstractAlthough shared behavioral and neural mechanisms between working memory (WM) and motor sequence learning (MSL) have been suggested, the additive and interactive effects of training have not been studied. This study aimed at investigating changes in brain functional connectivity (FC) induced by sequential (WM + MSL and MSL + WM) and combined (WM × MSL) training programs. 54 healthy subjects (27 women; mean age: 30.2 ± 8.6 years) allocated to three training groups underwent twenty-four 40-min training sessions over 6 weeks and four cognitive assessments including functional MRI. A double-baseline approach was applied to account for practice effects. Test performances were compared using linear mixed-effects models and t-tests. Resting state fMRI data were analysed using FSL. Processing speed, verbal WM and manual dexterity increased following training in all groups. MSL + WM training led to additive effects in processing speed and verbal WM. Increased FC was found after training in a network including the right angular gyrus, left superior temporal sulcus, right superior parietal gyrus, bilateral middle temporal gyri and left precentral gyrus. No difference in FC was found between double baselines. Results indicate distinct patterns of resting state FC modulation related to sequential and combined WM and MSL training suggesting a relevance of the order of training performance. These observations could provide new insight for the planning of effective training/rehabilitation.

scholarly journals The Interaction of Child Abuse and rs1360780 of the FKBP5 Gene is Associated with Amygdala Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Young Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Wesarg ◽  
Ilya M. Veer ◽  
Nicole Y. L. Oei ◽  
Laura S. Daedelow ◽  
Tristram A. Lett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Salience Network ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Intermediate Phenotypes ◽  
History Of

AbstractExtensive research has demonstrated that rs1360780, a common single nucleotide polymorphism within the FKBP5 gene, interacts with early-life stress in predicting psychopathology. Previous results suggest that carriers of the TT genotype of rs1360780 who were exposed to child abuse show differences in structure and functional activation of emotion-processing brain areas belonging to the salience network. Extending these findings on intermediate phenotypes of psychopathology, we examined if the interaction between rs1360780 and child abuse predicts resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) between the amygdala and other areas of the salience network. We analyzed data of young European adults from the general population (N = 774; mean age = 18.76 years) who took part in the IMAGEN study. In the absence of main effects of genotype and abuse, a significant interaction effect was observed for rsFC between the right centromedial amygdala and right posterior insula (p < .025, FWE-corrected), which was driven by stronger rsFC in TT allele carriers with a history of abuse. Our results suggest that the TT genotype of rs1360780 may render individuals with a history of abuse more vulnerable to functional changes in communication between brain areas processing emotions and bodily sensations, which could underlie or increase risk for psychopathology.

scholarly journals Linking language features to clinical symptoms and multimodal imaging in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Haas ◽  
G. E. Doucet ◽  
S. Garg ◽  
S. N. Herrera ◽  
C. Sarac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Syntactic Complexity ◽  
Clinical High Risk ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Brain Morphometry ◽  
Language Network

Abstract Background. Abnormalities in the semantic and syntactic organization of speech have been reported in individuals at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis. The current study seeks to examine whether such abnormalities are associated with changes in brain structure and functional connectivity in CHR individuals. Methods. Automated natural language processing analysis was applied to speech samples obtained from 46 CHR and 22 healthy individuals. Brain structural and resting-state functional imaging data were also acquired from all participants. Sparse canonical correlation analysis (sCCA) was used to ascertain patterns of covariation between linguistic features, clinical symptoms, and measures of brain morphometry and functional connectivity related to the language network. Results. In CHR individuals, we found a significant mode of covariation between linguistic and clinical features (r = 0.73; p = 0.003), with negative symptoms and bizarre thinking covarying mostly with measures of syntactic complexity. In the entire sample, separate sCCAs identified a single mode of covariation linking linguistic features with brain morphometry (r = 0.65; p = 0.05) and resting-state network connectivity (r = 0.63; p = 0.01). In both models, semantic and syntactic features covaried with brain structural and functional connectivity measures of the language network. However, the contribution of diagnosis to both models was negligible. Conclusions. Syntactic complexity appeared sensitive to prodromal symptoms in CHR individuals while the patterns of brain-language covariation seemed preserved. Further studies in larger samples are required to establish the reproducibility of these findings.

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