Repatriation

Anthropology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara Krmpotich
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
The Public ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Anthropological Research ◽  
Associated Knowledge

Repatriation is the return of persons, material heritage, and/or associated knowledge to its place of origins. Within anthropology, this frequently refers to the return of items collected and held within museums or other institutional collections to originating communities. Origins and originating communities are variously identified as nation-states, Indigenous or ethnic groups, kin groups, cities or villages, or sites of removal. It is repatriation from cultural institutions, as opposed to battlefield repatriation or repatriation of displaced persons, that the bibliography focuses on. Anthropology is well into its second generation of focused repatriation scholarship, whereas the material culture and human remains at the heart of repatriation requests have frequently had a much longer place in anthropological research. Many items now returning through repatriation processes were originally collected and made objects of study by anthropologists and archaeologists. During the formation of anthropology and archaeology as disciplines, museums, material culture (see the separate Oxford Bibliographies article Material Culture), and physical anthropology were central. Collecting, documenting, and measuring the physical bodies and material heritage of cultural groups were understood by anthropologists to generate data, while museums were sites where comparative analysis could occur, training of students happened, and emerging theories could be presented to scholars and the public alike. Given this history, it is unsurprising that anthropologists have been actively engaged in scholarly debate about the repatriation of materials (whether ethnographic or otherwise), as well as participants in the development of institutional policies, national legislation, and public understanding. In the contemporary moment, anthropologists frequently find themselves working with Indigenous peoples who are vying to hold colonial and settler nations to account for injustice, and who are asserting the viability and legitimacy of their cultural practices into the future. Repatriating ancestral remains and material heritage is one form of redress and expression of sovereignty for many nations and cultural groups. Thus, repatriation is increasingly understood as an expression of contemporary Indigeneities and nationalisms, pushing anthropologists to ask what roles repatriation—and museums more broadly—play in processes of decolonization, reconciliation, indigenization, and nation-building.

scholarly journals Caddo Ceramics from Mound Deposits at the Shelby Mound Site (41CP71) on Greasy Creek, Camp County, Texas

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Perttula
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Political Community ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
The North ◽  
Unique Material ◽  
Sabine River

Archaeological evidence from 15th to 17th century (dating from ca. A.D. 1430-1680) Caddo sites that have been investigated in the Big Cypress Creek and Sabine River basins of northeastern Texas indicate that many of the components have been identified as belonging to the Titus phase. They represent permanent, year-round, settlements of horticultural or agricultural peoples with distinctive cultural practices and material culture. The 15th to 17th century archaeological record in these two basins “refers to a number of distinctive socio-cultural groups, not a single Caddo group; these groups or communities were surely related and/or affiliated by kinship, marriage, and social interaction." There are several clusters of settlements that apparently represent parts of contemporaneous small communities. A political community as used here is a cluster of interrelated settlements and associated cemeteries that are centered on a key site or group of sites distinguished by public architecture (i.e., earthen mounds) and large domestic village areas. The Shelby Mound site is one of the premier sites in a political community centered in the Greasy Creek basin and neighboring Big Cypress Creek basin. The social and cultural diversity that probably existed among Titus phase cultural groups is matched by the stylistic and functional diversity in Titus phase material culture, particularly in the manufacture and use of fine ware and utility ware ceramics, and the ceramic tradition is the surest grounds for evaluating attribution of archaeological components to the Titus phase. It is the character of their stylistically unique material culture, coupled with the development of distinctive mortuary rituals and social and religious practices centered on the widespread use of community cemeteries and mound ceremonialism as means to mark social identities, that most readily sets these Caddo groups apart from their neighbors in East and Northeast Texas and in the Red River basin to the north and east. This article discusses the analysis of the plain and decorated ceramic sherds (focusing on the latter) from the mound deposits at the Shelby Mound site in the Robert L. Turner collection. Because of the stratified nature of the mound deposits it is possible that temporal changes in the stylistic character of the utility wares and fine wares in use at the site can be detected, and full documentation of the assemblage at Shelby Mound will be key in stylistic comparisons of the ceramic traditions among contemporaneous Titus phase communities in the Big Cypress Creek basin and the mid-Sabine River basin.

scholarly journals PEMAHAMAN MASYARAKAT GOWA TENTANG NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM YANG TERINTEGRASI DALAM SARAK SEBAGAI UNSUR PANGNGADAKKANG DI KABUPATEN GOWA

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-280
Author(s):  
Rusli Malli ◽  
Sumiati ◽  
St. Rajiah ◽  
Nurani Asiz
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Social Conventions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The People

The values of Islamic education are integrated in Sarak as a Pangngadakkang element for the community of Gowa. This research aims to describe the public understanding of Gowa about Islamic blowing values integrated in Sarak as a pangngadakkang element, and further listen to the level of its application in Gowa Regency. The research methodology used in research is a type of qualitative study, a method of approach based on theories of Islamic education approaches and other areas of science that support such as normative theological approaches, Psychological and sociological and historical approaches that include an interdisciplinary approach, whose data refers to field research and is supported by the library research. Data obtained, directly from the research site by means of meeting the informant. The data collection procedures are through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. Processing and analyzing their data qualitatively. The results of this study concluded that the values of Islamic education in Sarak as an element in the community of Gowa in the form of ethical rules, customs, social conventions that govern the order of society based on Islam. These values partially filter the indigenous peoples and on the other hand rather enrich the customs in various aspects of Islamic education values such as spiritual, intellectual, moral, social and ritual values. The values are also reflected in the tradition of Kasiratangngang (in conformity) in the election of the match, the custom of the marriage event, for the people of Gowa.  The implications of Islamic education values integrated in Sarak as a form of pangngadakkang for the community of Gowa, can be seen in the increasing faith of the community, the implementation of good worship, and the establishment of noble morality.   Abstrak Nilai-nilai pendidikan Islam yang terintegrasi dalam sarak sebagai unsur pangngadakkang bagi masyarakat Gowa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pemahaman masyarakat Gowa tentang Nilai-nilai penidikan Islam yang terintegrasi dalam sarak sebagai unsur pangngadakkang,serta menyimak lebih lanjut pada tataran penerapannya di Kabupaten gowa. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah jenis penelitian kualitatif, metode pendekatan yang berdasar pada teori-teori pendekatan ilmu kependidikan Islam dan bidang ilmu lain yang mendukung seperti pendekatan teologis normatif, pendekatan psikologis dan sosiologis dan historis sehingga tercakup pula di dalamnya pendekatan antardisipliner, yang datanya merujuk pada field research dan ditnunjang library research. Data yang diperoleh, langsung dari lokasi penelitian dengan cara menemui informan. Adapun prosedur pengumpulan datanya melalui observasi, wawancara, kuesioner, dan dokumentasi. Pengolahan dan analisis datanya secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini  disimpulkan bahwa nilai-nilai pendidikan Islam dalam  sarak sebagai unsur  pangngadakkang di kalangan masyarakat Gowa berupa aturan-aturan etika, adat istiadat, kaidah-kaidah sosial yang mengatur tata tertib masyarakat berdasarkan Islam. Nilai-nilai tersebut sebagian memfilter adat masyarakat dan di sisi lain justru lebih memperkaya adat istiadat dalam berbagai aspek tata nilai pendidikan Islam seperti nilai spiritual, intelektual, moral, sosial dan ritual. Nilai-nilai itu tercermin pula dalam tradisi kasiratangngang  (kesepadanan) dalam pemilihan jodoh, adat acara perkawinan, bagi masyarakat Gowa.  Implikasi nilai-nilai pendidikan Islam yang terintegrasi dalam sarak sebagai unsur pangngadakkang bagi masyarakat Gowa, dapat dilihat pada semakin meningkatnya keimanan masyarakat, pelaksanaan ibadah secara baik, dan pembentukan akhlak mulia. Kata kunci: Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Islam, Terintegrasi, Sarak, Pangngadakkang

scholarly journals MATERIAL TURNS IN BRITISH HISTORY: IV. EMPIRE IN INDIA, CANCEL CULTURES AND THE COUNTRY HOUSE

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Margot C. Finn
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Culture Wars ◽  
East India Company ◽  
First Century ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
British History ◽  
Country House ◽  
The Public ◽  
Imperial Expansion ◽  
The Public Sphere

ABSTRACTThis lecture seeks to historicise the so-called cancel culture associated with the ‘culture wars’ waged in Britain in c. 2020. Focusing on empire and on the domestic, British impacts of Georgian-era imperial material cultures, it argues that dominant proponents of these ‘culture wars’ in the public sphere fundamentally distort the British pasts they vociferously claim to preserve and defend. By failing to acknowledge the extent to which eighteenth- and nineteenth-century British men and women themselves contested imperial expansion under the aegis of the East India Company – and decried its impact on British material culture, including iconic stately homes – twenty-first-century exponents of culture wars who rail against the present-day rise of histories of race and empire in the heritage sector themselves erase key layers of British experience. In so doing, they impoverish public understanding of the past.

THE INSTITUTIONALISATION OF ART IN EARLY VICTORIAN ENGLAND

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 113-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Saumarez Smith
Keyword(s):  
Public Understanding ◽  
The Political ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
State Control ◽  
Victorian England ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Mission ◽  
Individual Agency ◽  
German Art ◽  
Historical Writings

ABSTRACTThis article explores the political and intellectual circumstances which led to the efflorescence of cultural institutions between the foundation of the National Gallery in 1824 and the National Portrait Gallery in 1856: the transformation of institutions of public culture from haphazard and rather amateurish institutions to ones which were well organised, with a strong sense of social mission, and professionally managed. This transformation was in part owing to a group of exceptionally talented individuals, including Charles Eastlake, Henry Cole and George Scharf, accepting appointment in institutions to foster the public understanding of art. But it was not simply a matter of individual agency, but also of coordinated action by parliament, led by a group of MPs, including the Philosophical Radicals. It was much influenced by the example of Germany, filtered through extensive translation of German art historical writings and visits by writers and politicians to Berlin and Munich. It was also closely related to the philosophy of the utilitarians, who had a strong belief in the political and social benefits of the study of art. Only the Royal Academy refused the embrace of state control.

The elementary forms of digital culture. Knowledge, connections and sociality

2020 ◽  
pp. 316-328
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Susca
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Digital Culture ◽  
Social Boundaries ◽  
Public Spheres ◽  
The Public ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The Senses ◽  
Point Of Intersection ◽  
Dark Web

Contemporary communicative platforms welcome and accelerate a socio-anthropological mutation in which public opinion (Habermas, 1995) based on rational individuals and alphabetic culture gives way to a public emotion whose emotion, empathy and sociality are the bases, where it is no longer the reason that directs the senses but the senses that begin to think. The public spheres that are elaborated in this way can only be disjunctive (Appadurai, 2001), since they are motivated by the desire to transgress the identity, political and social boundaries where they have been elevated and restricted. The more the daily life, in its local intension and its global extension, rests on itself and frees itself from projections or infatuations towards transcendent and distant orders, the more the modern territory is shaken by the forces that cross it and pierce it. non-stop. The widespread disobedience characterizing a significant part of the cultural events that take place in cyberspace - dark web, web porn, copyright infringement, trolls, even irreverent ... - reveals the anomic nature of the societal subjectivity that emerges from the point of intersection between technology and naked life. Behind each of these offenses is the affirmation of the obsolescence of the principles on which much of the modern nation-states and their rights have been based. Each situation in which a tribe, cloud, group or network blends in a state of ecstasy or communion around shared communications, symbols and imaginations, all that surrounds it, in material, social or ideological terms, fades away. in the air, being isolated by the power of a bubble that in itself generates culture, rooting, identification: transpolitic to inhabit

The Specific Features of Public Relations Maintained by Libraries, Acting as Cultural Institutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
Radosław Molenda
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Significant Question

Showing the specificity of the work of the contemporary library, and the variety of its tasks, which go far beyond the lending of books. The specificity of the library’s public relations concerning different aspects of its activity. The internal and external functions of the library’s public relations and their specificity. The significant question of motivating the social environment to use the offer of libraries, and simulta-neously the need to change the negative perception of the library, which discourages part of its poten-tial users from taking advantage of its services. The negative stereotypes of librarians’ work perpetuated in the public consciousness and their harmful character. The need to change the public relations of libra-ries and librarians with a view to improving the realization of the tasks they face. Showing the public relations tools which may serve to change the image of librarians and libraries with particular emphasis on social media. This article is a review article, highlighting selected research on the librarian’s stereo-type and suggesting actions that change the image of librarians and libraries.

L'importance des outils de planification forestière dans les opérations de relations publiques en Suisse | The importance of forestry planning tools in public relations operation in Switzerland

2004 ◽  
Vol 155 (11) ◽  
pp. 487-491
Author(s):  
Christina Giesch Shakya
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
The Public ◽  
Forest Management Plan ◽  
Forest Enterprises ◽  
Forestry Services ◽  
Regional Forest ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The current study examines the importance of planning and management documents (notably the forest management plan and the regional forest plan) for public relations purposes. 17 people (15 forest engineers and 2 forest guards) were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. The results of our survey show that some of the information used for public relations is taken from the planning documents. The forest management plan is primarily considered to be an internal document, but it also provides information on the objectives of forest enterprises, justifications of the planned measures, numbers and maps. The regional forest plan contributes to the public relations in three ways: its content provides information about objectives, description of forest functions, projects and measures. In addition, the participation of the public in the process of elaborating this plan is an ideal opportunity to heighten awareness in society and further public understanding of the forest and forestry services. Finally, as the regional forest management plan is in the public domain, it functions as a type of «show case» of the forest service.

Metal burial: Understanding caching behaviour and contact material culture in Australia's NE Kimberley

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-52
Author(s):  
Sam Harper ◽  
Ian Waina ◽  
Ambrose Chalarimeri ◽  
Sven Ouzman ◽  
Martin Porr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Contact Material ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Assemblage Theory ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Human Burials

This paper explores identity and the recursive impacts of cross-cultural colonial encounters on individuals, cultural materials, and cultural practices in 20th-century northern Australia. We focus on an assemblage of cached metal objects and associated cultural materials that embody both Aboriginal tradition and innovation. These cultural materials were wrapped in paperbark and placed within a ring of stones, a bundling practice also seen in human burials in this region. This ‘cache' is located in close proximity to rockshelters with rich, superimposed Aboriginal rock art compositions. However, the cache shelter has no visible art, despite available wall space. The site shows the utilisation of metal objects as new raw materials that use traditional techniques to manufacture a ground edge metal axe and to sharpen metal rods into spears. We contextualise these objects and their hypothesised owner(s) within narratives of invasion/contact and the ensuing pastoral history of this region. Assemblage theory affords us an appropriate theoretical lens through which to bring people, places, objects, and time into conversation.

Understanding understanding: a model for the public learning of radioactivity

1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Alsop
Keyword(s):  
Informal Learning ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Public Understanding Of Science ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Change Model ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
The Public ◽  
Understanding Of Science ◽  
Conceptual Change Model

While much of the work in the public understanding of science has focused on the public's appreciation of science and their familiarity with key scientific concepts, understanding the processes involved in learning science has largely been ignored. This article documents a study of how particular members of the public learn about radiation and radioactivity, and proposes a model to describe their learning—the Informal Conceptual Change Model [ICCM]. ICCM is a multidimensional framework that incorporates three theoretical dimensions—the cognitive, conative, and affective. The paper documents each of these dimensions, and then illustrates the model by drawing upon data collected in a case study. The emphasis of the analysis is on understanding how the members of the public living in an area with high levels of background radiation learn about the science of this potential health threat. The summarizing comments examine the need for a greater awareness of the complexities of informal learning.

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