An Analysis of Clostridium difficile Environmental Contamination During and After Treatment for C difficile Infection

Abstract Background Lower Clostridium difficile spore counts in feces from C difficile infection (CDI) patients treated with fidaxomicin versus vancomycin have been observed. We aimed to determine whether environmental contamination is lower in patients treated with fidaxomicin compared with those treated with vancomycin/metronidazole. Methods The CDI cases were recruited at 4 UK hospitals (Leeds, Bradford, and London [2 centers]). Environmental samples (5 room sites) were taken pretreatment and at 2–3, 4–5, 6–8, and 9–12 days of treatment, end of treatment (EOT), and post-EOT. Fecal samples were collected at diagnosis and as often as produced thereafter. Swabs/feces were cultured for C difficile; percentage of C difficile-positive samples and C difficile bioburden were compared between different treatment arms at each time point. Results Pre-EOT (n = 244), there was a significant reduction in environmental contamination (≥1 site positive) around fidaxomicin versus vancomycin/metronidazole recipients at days 4–5 (30% vs 50% recipients, P = .04) and at days 9–12 (22% vs 49%, P = .005). This trend was consistently seen at all other timepoints, but it was not statistically significant. No differences were seen between treatment groups post-EOT (n = 76). Fidaxomicin-associated fecal positivity rates and colony counts were consistently lower than those for vancomycin/metronidazole from days 4 to 5 of treatment (including post-EOT); however, the only significant difference was in positivity rate at days 9–12 (15% vs 55%, P = .03). Conclusions There were significant reductions in C difficile recovery from both feces and the environment around fidaxomicin versus vancomycin/metronidazole recipients. Therefore, fidaxomicin treatment may lower the C difficile transmission risk by reducing excretion and environmental contamination.

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Validation of a Modification to Performance-Tested MethodSM 070601: Reveal® Listeria Test for Detection of Listeria spp. in Selected Foods and Selected Environmental Samples

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/92.2.449 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 92 (2) ◽

pp. 449-458 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Susan Alles ◽

Linda X Peng ◽

Mark A Mozola

Keyword(s):

Ceramic Tile ◽

Environmental Samples ◽

Reference Method ◽

Single Step ◽

Method Performance ◽

Media Formulation ◽

Independent Laboratory ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Crab Meat ◽

Time Point

Abstract A modification to Performance-Tested MethodSM (PTM) 070601, Reveal® Listeria Test (Reveal), is described. The modified method uses a new media formulation, LESS enrichment broth, in single-step enrichment protocols for both foods and environmental sponge and swab samples. Food samples are enriched for 2730 h at 30C and environmental samples for 2448 h at 30C. Implementation of these abbreviated enrichment procedures allows test results to be obtained on a next-day basis. In testing of 14 food types in internal comparative studies with inoculated samples, there was a statistically significant difference in performance between the Reveal and reference culture U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual (FDA/BAM) or U.S. Department of Agriculture-Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA-FSIS) methods for only a single food in one trial (pasteurized crab meat) at the 27 h enrichment time point, with more positive results obtained with the FDA/BAM reference method. No foods showed statistically significant differences in method performance at the 30 h time point. Independent laboratory testing of 3 foods again produced a statistically significant difference in results for crab meat at the 27 h time point; otherwise results of the Reveal and reference methods were statistically equivalent. Overall, considering both internal and independent laboratory trials, sensitivity of the Reveal method relative to the reference culture procedures in testing of foods was 85.9 at 27 h and 97.1 at 30 h. Results from 5 environmental surfaces inoculated with various strains of Listeria spp. showed that the Reveal method was more productive than the reference USDA-FSIS culture procedure for 3 surfaces (stainless steel, plastic, and cast iron), whereas results were statistically equivalent to the reference method for the other 2 surfaces (ceramic tile and sealed concrete). An independent laboratory trial with ceramic tile inoculated with L. monocytogenes confirmed the effectiveness of the Reveal method at the 24 h time point. Overall, sensitivity of the Reveal method at 24 h relative to that of the USDA-FSIS method was 153. The Reveal method exhibited extremely high specificity, with only a single false-positive result in all trials combined for overall specificity of 99.5.

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Impact of Delayed Oral Vancomycin for Severe Clostridium difficile Infection

Hospital Pharmacy ◽

10.1177/0018578718787439 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 54 (5) ◽

pp. 294-299 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sunish Shah ◽

Benjamin Ereshefsky ◽

Laura Pontiggia ◽

Michael Cawley

Keyword(s):

Clostridium Difficile ◽

Hospital Mortality ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽

Initial Treatment ◽

Oral Vancomycin ◽

End Of Treatment ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Severe Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽

The Impact

Background: Treatment of severe Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) with oral vancomycin (VAN) is known to be superior to treatment with metronidazole (MDZ). However, previous studies have not evaluated the impact on patients when oral VAN therapy is delayed after diagnosis of severe CDI. Materials and Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective study of adult patients who were diagnosed with severe CDI. The objective was to compare clinical outcomes for patients treated initially with oral VAN versus patients receiving delayed oral VAN after at least 48 hours of initial treatment with MDZ. The primary outcome was all-cause in-hospital mortality. Results: There were 101 patients who comprised the initial oral VAN group, while 20 patients comprised the delayed oral VAN group. There was no significant difference in all-cause in-hospital mortality for patients in the initial oral VAN treatment group compared to those who had delayed oral VAN therapy (4.95% vs 15.00%, P = 0.13). Patients who were initially treated with oral VAN experienced a significantly higher rate of clinical cure (49.50% vs 20.00%, P = 0.02), shorter median postinfection length of hospitalization (7.0 days vs 13.0 days, P < 0.001), shorter median time to resolution of leukocytosis (3.9 days vs 10.4 days, P = 0.01), and were less likely to have an end of treatment serum creatinine greater than 1.5 times their baseline (8.7% vs 29.4%, P = 0.03). Conclusion: Patients who receive oral VAN as their initial treatment for severe CDI experience improved clinical outcomes compared to patients receiving delayed oral VAN after being initially treated with MDZ.

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Effects of a nine-strain bacterial synbiotic compared to simethicone in colicky babies – an open-label randomised study

Beneficial Microbes ◽

10.3920/bm2020.0160 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

J. Piątek ◽

M. Bernatek ◽

H. Krauss ◽

M. Wojciechowska ◽

Z. Chęcińska-Maciejewska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bifidobacterium Longum ◽

Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽

Infantile Colic ◽

Open Label ◽

Bifidobacterium Lactis ◽

Randomised Study ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

End Of Treatment ◽

Significant Difference ◽

To Receive

The aim of the study was to determine effects of administration of simethicone and a multi-strain synbiotic on the crying behaviour of colicky babies. The study design consisted of an open-label, two parallel treatment group study involving 87 infants aged 3-6 weeks with infantile colic (defined as crying episodes lasting 3 or more hours per day and occurring at least 3 days per week within 3 weeks prior to enrolment) randomly, unequally [1:1.5] assigned to receive simethicone (n=33) or a multi-strain synbiotic (n=54) orally for 4 weeks. The multi-strain synbiotic contained Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-14, Lacticaseibacillus casei R0215, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Lp-115, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG, Ligilactobacillus salivarius Ls-33, Bifidobacterium lactis Bl-04, Bifidobacterium bifidum R0071, Bifidobacterium longum R0175 and fructooligosaccharides). Primary outcome measures were the responder rates (effect ≥50% reduction from baseline) of the measures ‘crying days last 3 weeks’, ‘average evening crying duration last 3 weeks’ and ‘reduction of average number of crying phases per day last three weeks’ at the end of treatment. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under NCT 04487834. Significantly higher responder rates (effect ≥50% reduction from baseline) of the multi-strain synbiotic compared to simethicone were found for the measures ‘crying days last 3 weeks’ (72% vs 18%, P<0.0001) and ‘average evening crying duration last 3 weeks’ (85% vs 39%, P=0.0001). No significant difference was found for the measure ‘reduction of average number of crying phases per day last three weeks’ (50% vs 42%, P=0.4852). No adverse effects were reported for the two treatment groups. Based on these results, the multi-strain synbiotic can be considered as an interesting therapeutic possibility for the treatment of infantile colic, worthwhile to be investigated further in non-clinical and clinical studies.

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Relevance Predictability in Information Retrieval Systems

Methods of Information in Medicine ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1636254 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 06 (02) ◽

pp. 45-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

A. Kent ◽

J. Belzer ◽

M. Kuhfeerst ◽

E. D. Dym ◽

D. L. Shirey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Information Retrieval ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Retrieval Systems ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Information Retrieval Systems ◽

High Predictability ◽

Intermediate Response ◽

Quantitative Indicators ◽

Level Of Processing

An experiment is described which attempts to derive quantitative indicators regarding the potential relevance predictability of the intermediate stimuli used to represent documents in information retrieval systems. In effect, since the decision to peruse an entire document is often predicated upon the examination of one »level of processing« of the document (e.g., the citation and/or abstract), it became interesting to analyze the properties of what constitutes »relevance«. However, prior to such an analysis, an even more elementary step had to be made, namely, to determine what portions of a document should be examined.An evaluation of the ability of intermediate response products (IRPs), functioning as cues to the information content of full documents, to predict the relevance determination that would be subsequently made on these documents by motivated users of information retrieval systems, was made under controlled experimental conditions. The hypothesis that there might be other intermediate response products (selected extracts from the document, i.e., first paragraph, last paragraph, and the combination of first and last paragraph), that would be as representative of the full document as the traditional IRPs (citation and abstract) was tested systematically. The results showed that:1. there is no significant difference among the several IRP treatment groups on the number of cue evaluations of relevancy which match the subsequent user relevancy decision on the document;2. first and last paragraph combinations have consistently predicted relevancy to a higher degree than the other IRPs;3. abstracts were undistinguished as predictors; and4. the apparent high predictability rating for citations was not substantive.Some of these results are quite different than would be expected from previous work with unmotivated subjects.

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Effect of Fixed Minidose Warfarin, Conventional Dose Warfarin and Aspirin on INR and Prothrombin Fragment 1 + 2 in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1656065 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 77 (05) ◽

pp. 0845-0848 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

B G Koefoed ◽

C Feddersen ◽

A L Gulløv ◽

P Petersen

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

International Normalized Ratio ◽

Coagulation System ◽

Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Prothrombin Fragment ◽

Conventional Dose ◽

Dose Warfarin ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Changes Over Time

SummaryThe efficacy of conventional dose adjusted oral anticoagulation for stroke prevention in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation is well- documented but not considered ideal as primary antithrombotic treatment in elderly patients. The antithrombotic effect of fixed minidose warfarin 1.25 mg/day alone or in combination with aspirin 300 mg/day, of conventional dose adjusted warfarin (INR 2.0-3.0), and of aspirin 300 mg/day have been investigated in outpatients with chronic nonvalvular atrial fibrillation in the second Copenhagen Atrial Fibrillation, Aspirin and Anticoagulant Therapy Study (AFASAK 2). In order to investigate the effect on the coagulation system of the treatments, the International Normalized Ratio of the prothrombin time (INR) and prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (F1 +2) were monitored at baseline and after three months of treatment in 100 patients consecutively included in the trial. At baseline no differences in INR and F1+2 between the four treatment groups were present. After three months of therapy the level of INR increased significantly from baseline in patients receiving warfarin in any dose and the level of F1+2 decreased significantly by combined minidose warfarin-aspirin and by dose adjusted warfarin. When comparing the changes over time in FI +2 (three-month value minus baseline value) during therapy with fixed minidose warfarin, combined minidose warfarin-aspirin and aspirin alone no significant difference between the groups was found. In conclusion, INR was changed by all three warfarin regimens but only dose adjusted warfarin (INR 2.0-3.0) had a marked effect on F1+2.

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Association of biological antirheumatic therapy with risk for type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study in incident rheumatoid arthritis

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042246 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. e042246

Author(s):

Sanjoy K Paul ◽

Olga Montvida ◽

Jennie H Best ◽

Sara Gale ◽

Attila Pethö-Schramm ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

T Cell ◽

Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs ◽

Antirheumatic Therapy ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Necrosis Factor

ObjectiveTo explore possible associations of treatment with biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs), including T-cell-based and interleukin-6 inhibition (IL-6i)-based therapies, and the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Study design, setting and participantsFive treatment groups were selected from a United States Electronic Medical Records database of 283 756 patients with RA (mean follow-up, 5 years): never received bDMARD (No bDMARD, n=125 337), tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi, n=34 873), IL-6i (n=1884), T-cell inhibitors (n=5935) and IL-6i+T cell inhibitor abatacept (n=1213). Probability and risk for T2DM were estimated with adjustment for relevant confounders.ResultsIn the cohort of 169 242 patients with a mean 4.5 years of follow-up and a mean 641 200 person years of follow-up, the adjusted probability of developing T2DM was significantly lower in the IL-6i (probability, 1%; 95% CI 0.6 to 2.0), T-cell inhibitor (probability, 3%; 95% CI 2.3 to 3.3) and IL-6i+T cell inhibitor (probability, 2%; 95% CI 0.1 to 2.9) groups than in the No bDMARD (probability, 5%; 95% CI 4.6 to 4.9) and TNFi (probability, 4%; 95% CI 3.7 to 4.7) groups. Compared with No bDMARD, the IL-6i and IL-6i+T cell inhibitor groups had 37% (95% CI of HR 0.42 to 0.96) and 34% (95% CI of HR 0.46 to 0.93) significantly lower risk for T2DM, respectively; there was no significant difference in risk in the TNFi (HR 0.99; 95% CI 0.93 to 1.06) and T-cell inhibitor (HR 0.96; 95% CI 0.82 to 1.12) groups.ConclusionsTreatment with IL-6i, with or without T-cell inhibitors, was associated with reduced risk for T2DM compared with TNFi or No bDMARDs; a less pronounced association was observed for the T-cell inhibitor abatacept.

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Cytotoxicity assessment of different doses of ozonated water on dental pulp cells

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-021-01392-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ferdiye Küçük ◽

Sibel Yıldırım ◽

Serap Çetiner

Keyword(s):

Cell Viability ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Dental Pulp ◽

Control Group ◽

Dental Pulp Cells ◽

Time Points ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Pulp Cells ◽

Time Point ◽

Ozonated Water

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to assess the cytotoxicity of various concentrations of ozonated water (OW) on human primary dental pulp cells. Methods Human primary dental pulp cells were isolated from exfoliated primary canine teeth of an 11-year-old patient with good systemic and oral health. Afterwards, cells were divided into 6 experimental groups; four groups of OW in concentrations of 2 mg/L, 4 mg/L, 8 mg/L, and 16 mg/L, untreated control group, and cell culture without cells. Cytotoxicity was evaluated after exposure for 5-min exposure using Mosmann’s Tetrazolium Toxicity (MTT) assay at 0 h and 48 h time points. Data were analyzed using a repeated measures analysis of variance and Post-hoc tests were performed using Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Results All experimental groups showed proliferation at 0 h time point. However, all groups also experienced a decrease in overtime at 48 h time point (p < 0.05). At both time points 2 mg/L OW showed the highest cell viability as well as proliferation. At 0 h time point, the increase in cell viability for all experimental groups was found statistically significant when compared to positive control group (p < 0.05). At 48 h time point, although 8 mg/L and 16 mg/L OW showed statistically significant reduction in compare to 0 h time point, 2 mg/L and 4 mg/L OW groups didn’t experience any statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). Conclusion Considering our findings, due to ozonated water's induced a higher proliferation rate of dental pulp cells, indicating their biocompatibility and a possible adjuvant on irrigating agent in regenerative endodontic procedures.

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AB0369 EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF RITUXIMAB ORIGINATOR AND BIOSIMILAR IN PRIMARY SJÖGREN’S SYNDROME IN A REAL-LIFE SETTING

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.6608 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 1485.3-1485

Author(s):

F. Carubbi ◽

A. Alunno ◽

P. Cipriani ◽

V. Pavlych ◽

C. DI Muzio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Activity ◽

Real Life ◽

Primary Sjögren’S Syndrome ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Research Support ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Real Life Setting ◽

Patient Reported ◽

Time Point

Background:Over the last 2 decades rituximab (RTX) has been widely used, albeit off-label, in primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS). Several studies reported that B-lymphocyte depletion with RTX is effective in this disease not only by reducing disease activity but also by affecting the inflammation and the lymphoid organization that occur in target tissues. With the recent release of several RTX biosimilars (bRTX) on the market, the demonstration of their interchangeability with RTX originator (oRTX) is required.Objectives:To compare efficacy and safety of oRTX and bRTX in pSS patients in a real-life setting.Methods:Clinical records of pSS patients referring to a tertiary rheumatology clinic were retrospectively evaluated. Patients having received at least 2 courses of either oRTX or bRTX (1000 mg IV infusion, repeated after 2 weeks -1 course- and the course repeated after 24 weeks) with complete data at baseline and after 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of treatment were enrolled. Disease activity was assessed with the EULAR SS disease activity index (ESSDAI) and its clinical version without the biological domain (ClinESSDAI). Patient-reported symptoms were assessed with the EULAR SS Patient Reported Index (ESSPRI).Results:Seven patients that received oRTX and 7 patients that received bRTX were enrolled. Baseline clinical features, including ESSDAI and ESSPRI were similar in the 2 treatment groups. Both compounds significantly reduced ESSDAI and ESSPRI as early as 3 months and no difference between the groups was observed at any time point (Figure 1). Of interest, ESSDAI slowly decreased until month 6 when the most pronounced reduction was observed. Conversely, ESSPRI dropped to its lowest values already at month 3. With regard to safety, at 12 months of follow-up no adverse event was observed in any of the treatment groups.Conclusion:At 12 months of follow-up, oRTX and bRTX display similar efficacy and safety profiles. The improvement of patient reported outcomes is faster than the improvement of disease activity with both compounds. Our data support interchangeability of oRTX and bRTX in pSS.References:[1]Carubbi F et al. Arthritis Res Ther. 2013;15(5):R172[2]Carubbi F et al. Lupus. 2014;23(13):1337-49Figure 1 ESSDAI and ESSPRI values at every time point in the 2 treatment groups. Asterisks indicate p values <0.05 compared to the other treatment group at the same time pointDisclosure of Interests:Francesco Carubbi Speakers bureau: Francesco Carubbi received speaker honoraria from Abbvie and Celgene outside this work., Alessia Alunno: None declared, Paola Cipriani Grant/research support from: Actelion, Pfizer, Speakers bureau: Actelion, Pfizer, Viktoriya Pavlych: None declared, claudia di muzio: None declared, Roberto Gerli: None declared, Roberto Giacomelli Grant/research support from: Actelion, Pfizer, Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Roche, Actelion, BMS, MSD, Ely Lilly, SOBI, Pfizer

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Capsular closure versus unrepaired interportal capsulotomy after hip arthroscopy in patients with femoroacetabular impingement, results of a patient-blinded randomised controlled trial

Hip International ◽

10.1177/11207000211005762 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 112070002110057

Author(s):

Niels H Bech ◽

Inger N Sierevelt ◽

Sheryl de Waard ◽

Boudijn S H Joling ◽

Gino M M J Kerkhoffs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomised Controlled Trial ◽

Femoroacetabular Impingement ◽

Hip Arthroscopy ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Control Group ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Randomised Controlled

Background: Hip capsular management after hip arthroscopy remains a topic of debate. Most available current literature is of poor quality and are retrospective or cohort studies. As of today, no clear consensus exists on capsular management after hip arthroscopy. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of routine capsular closure versus unrepaired capsulotomy after interportal capsulotomy measured with NRS pain and the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS). Materials and methods: All eligible patients with femoroacetabular impingement who opt for hip arthroscopy ( n = 116) were randomly assigned to one of both treatment groups and were operated by a single surgeon. Postoperative pain was measured with the NRS score weekly the first 12 weeks after surgery. The HAGOS questionnaire was measured at 12 and 52 weeks postoperatively. Results: Baseline characteristics and operation details were comparable between treatment groups. Regarding the NRS pain no significant difference was found between groups at any point the first 12 weeks after surgery ( p = 0.67). Both groups significantly improved after surgery ( p < 0.001). After 3 months follow-up there were no differences between groups for the HAGOS questionnaire except for the domain sport ( p = 0.02) in favour of the control group. After 12 months follow-up there were no differences between both treatment groups on all HAGOS domains ( p > 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this randomised controlled trial show highest possible evidence that there is no reason for routinely capsular closure after interportal capsulotomy at the end of hip arthroscopy. Trial Registration: This trial was registered at the CCMO Dutch Trial Register: NL55669.048.15.

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SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY TEST OF COMBINATION ETHANOL EXTRACT OF DETAM 1 SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX L. MERR) AND JATI BELANDA (GUAZUMA ULMIFOLIA LAMK) TOWARD FUNCTION, WEIGHT, AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL OF WISTAR RAT LIVER

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9i5.13237 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 197

Author(s):

Meilinah Hidayat ◽

Sijani Prahastuti ◽

Estherolita Dewi ◽

Dewi Safitri ◽

Siti Farah Rahmawati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Function ◽

Toxicity Test ◽

Low Dose ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Good Effect ◽

Control Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Subchronic Toxicity ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Significant Difference

ABSTRACTObjective: As an antiobesity therapy, combination extracts of Detam 1 soybean and Jati Belanda will be consumed for a long time; therefore, theirtoxicities to the liver need to be investigated. To determine the effect of subchronic toxicity test of combination of ethanol extract of Detam 1 soybean(EEDS) and ethanol extract of Jati Belanda (EEJB) on liver function with parameters: Alanine transaminase (ALT), macroscopic, and histopathologicalof liver.Methods: This study was conducted on 120 Wistar rats (60 males and 60 females), 90 days (treatment group) and 120 days (satellite group). Ratswere divided into six treatment groups (3 test materials, 1 control, and 2 satellites); each group included 10 males and 10 females.Results: ALT levels of treatment groups (low dose, medium, and high), both males and females were lower than the control group (p<0.05). Thetreatment groups demonstrated a good effects effect on liver function. Liver weight of all groups showed no significant difference compared with thecontrol group (p>0.05). Results of histopathological score interpretation of male and female liver rats of low dose groups were not disturbed; middledose groups were slightly disturbed and high dose groups were damaged. Satellite high doses of male groups were disrupted, while female groupswere not.Conclusion: The combination of EEDS and EEJB has a good effect on liver function, did not lead to change organ weight and at low doses did not causerenal histopathology damage in rats after 90 days administration.Keywords: Combination of soybean Jati Belanda, Toxicity subchronic test, Function, Weight, Histopathology, Liver.

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