911. Assessment of Representativeness of IPD Surveillance Conducted by the National Microbiology Laboratory of Canada

Abstract Background Understanding the evolving epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes is important for assessing the current and potential future immunization programs. In Canada, Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is mandatory reportable to provincial/territorial public health. Provinces and territories voluntarily submit annual IPD data to the Canadian Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (CNDSS), which publishes information on IPD cases and incidence rates, however serotype data are not available. Provinces/territories also voluntarily submit IPD isolates to the National Microbiology laboratory (NML) for serotyping; provinces that conduct their own serotyping submit this information. The NML produces comprehensive IPD surveillance reports including serotype distribution; due to lack of population denominator, no incidence rates are available. The two surveillance programs are not linked. The objective of the study is to assess the representativeness of the NML surveillance as compared to the CNDSS and provincial reportable diseases databases. Methods Over the study time period (2010-2017), we compared annual IPD case counts between the NML and CNDSS reports. Due to the difference in age grouping between CNDSS and NML, comparison was limited to these groups: all age, < 5, 5-14 and > 15 years. In addition, the IPD counts from NML were compared to data from four largest provinces. Results For < 5 group, NML reported 91% of CNDSS case count whereas for 5-14 and > 15 years of age, it was 81% and 79%, respectively. Compared to the corresponding provincial databases, NML reported 91%, 97%, and 93% case counts for Ontario, British Columbia, and Alberta, respectively, while it was only 47% for Quebec. Further analysis revealed that the discrepancy in Quebec is the result of under-representation of >5 populations. Figure 1: Comparison of age stratified IPD case counts between CNDSS and NML Figure 2. Comparison of all age IPD case counts between NML and provincial databases Conclusion IPD surveillance conducted by NML has been instrumental to gain insight into the evolving epidemiology of S. pneumoniae serotypes in Canada. Comparisons of IPD counts from NML surveillance reports with reportable disease databases revealed different levels of concordance across provinces and age groups. The limitations of NML surveillance including incomplete or inconsistent reporting should be taken into consideration when interpreting the data. Disclosures Rajeev M. Nepal, PhD, Pfizer (Employee) Stephane B. Dion, PhD, Pfizer (Employee) Ana Gabriela Grajales, MD, Pfizer (Employee) Maria Major, B.Sc., MPH, Pfizer (Employee) Alejandro Cane, MD, Pfizer (Employee) Jelena Vojicic, MD, Pfizer (Employee)

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Abstract P053: Increment And Stabilization Of Diabetes Prevalence In The Province Of Quebec, Canada: A Combination Of Lower Mortality And Incidence In Older Adults Only

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.143.suppl_1.p053 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Sarah O'Connor ◽

Claudia Blais ◽

Jacinthe Leclerc ◽

Denis Hamel ◽

Marjolaine Dubé ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Surveillance ◽

Age Groups ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Diabetes Prevalence ◽

Diabetes Incidence ◽

Disease Surveillance System ◽

Younger Age ◽

Canadian Provinces ◽

Prevention Of Diabetes ◽

Crude Prevalence

Introduction: In the last decade, an increase in the prevalence and a reduction in the incidence of diabetes have been observed in many countries including Canada. Yet, some Canadian provinces depicted an elevation in incidence rates among younger age groups. Our objective was to document these trends in the province of Quebec from fiscal years 2001 to 2017. Hypothesis: Prevalence is increasing because of raising incidence in individuals aged <50 years. Methods: Prevalence, incidence and all-cause mortality among cases of diabetes ≥20 years were assessed using the Quebec Integrated Chronic Disease Surveillance System (n=6,551,045 in 2017). Estimations were age-standardized or stratified by 10-year age groups. Results: In 2017, the crude prevalence and incidence of diabetes were 9.9% [99% confidence interval: 9.9-10.0] (n=651,370) and 6.0 per 1,000 inhabitants [5.9-6.0] (n=35,355), respectively. Between 2001 and 2017, the age-standardized prevalence increased by 43% (6.3% [6.3-6.3] to 9.0% [9.0-9.1]), while age-standardized incidence decreased by 29% (8.3 per 1,000 [8.2-8.4] to 5.9 per 1,000 [5.9-6.0]). In every age group, the prevalence increased steadily with progressive stabilization from 2011 and onward, except for the 60-69 years old group who depicted a reduction from 2012 to 2017. Incidence remained stable among <50 years old, while it decreased for ≥50 years (-26%, -33%, -36% for 50-59, 60-69 and ≥70 years old, respectively) (Figure 1). Age-standardized mortality among adults with diabetes decreased by 24% (20.7 per 1,000 [20.1-21.3] to 15.8 per 1,000 [15.4-16.3]). Mortality rates decreased by 27% among the 40-49 years old, with greater reductions in older age groups (-28%, -35%, -34% in the 50-59, 60-69 and ≥70 years, respectively). Conclusions: The rise and stabilization of diabetes prevalence could be due to a reduction in incidence in patients aged ≥50 years and mortality among all age groups. Prevention of diabetes should be a priority among individuals aged <50 years as diabetes incidence is not decreasing.

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P.065 Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and dementias in Canada: First national surveillance data from the Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System (CCDSS)

Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques ◽

10.1017/cjn.2017.149 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 44 (S2) ◽

pp. S29-S29

Author(s):

C Pelletier ◽

C Robitaille ◽

N Gabora-Roth ◽

J Toews

Keyword(s):

Disease Surveillance ◽

Age Groups ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Case Definition ◽

Administrative Databases ◽

Fiscal Year ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Disease Surveillance System ◽

Icd 10 ◽

Group Sex

Background: With a growing and aging population, the number of individuals with AD and dementias and their associated costs are expected to increase in Canada. Up to now, no national mechanism was in place to monitor the epidemiological burden of AD and dementias. This presentation will showcase the first CCDSS data available on these conditions. Methods: Through the CCDSS, a Federal/Provincial/Territorial partnership, health administrative databases are linked to collect data on chronic conditions. Using selected ICD-9(CM)/ICD-10 codes for AD and dementias, the validated case definition implemented to identify relevant cases aged 65+ is:1+ hospitalizations; or3+ physician claims within 2 years, with a 30-day-gap between each claim; or1+ anti-dementia drug prescriptions.Prevalence and incidence rates will be presented by 5-year age group, sex, province/territory, and fiscal year. Results: Overall, incidence and prevalence rates were higher in women. The prevalence rate approximately doubled between 5-year age groups and sex differences tended to widen with age. While aged-standardised data show increasing prevalence rates over time, incidence rates fluctuated but suggest a decline since 2009/10. Conclusions: CCDSS data can be used to monitor the burden of AD and dementias in Canada. This information is important for the assessment of prevention actions and the planning of health care resources.

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Tularemia transmission to humans: a multifaceted surveillance approach

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268818002492 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 146 (16) ◽

pp. 2139-2145 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

N. Akhvlediani ◽

I. Burjanadze ◽

D. Baliashvili ◽

T. Tushishvili ◽

M. Broladze ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Disease Surveillance ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Clinical Factors ◽

Notifiable Disease ◽

Surveillance Studies ◽

Disease Surveillance System ◽

Acute Infections ◽

System 2 ◽

Incident Cases

AbstractTularemia has sustained seroprevalence in Eurasia, with estimates as high as 15% in endemic regions. The purpose of this report is to characterise the current epidemiology of Francisella tularensis subspecies holarctica in Georgia. Three surveillance activities are summarised: (1) acute infections captured in Georgia's notifiable disease surveillance system, (2) infectious disease seroprevalence study of military volunteers, and (3) a study of seroprevalence and risk factors in endemic regions. Descriptive analyses of demographic, exposure and clinical factors were conducted for the surveillance studies; bivariate analyses were computed to identify risk factors of seropositivity using likelihood ratio χ2 tests or Fisher's exact tests. Of the 19 incident cases reported between 2014 and August 2017, 10 were confirmed and nine met the presumptive definition; the estimated annual incidence was 0.12/100 000. The first cases of tularemia in Western Georgia were reported. Seroprevalences of antibodies for F. tularensis were 2.0% for military volunteers and 5.0% for residents in endemic regions. Exposures correlated with seropositivity included work with hay and contact with multiple types of animals. Seroprevalence studies conducted periodically may enhance our understanding of tularemia in countries with dramatically underestimated incidence rates.

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Sex differences in campylobacteriosis incidence rates at different ages - a seven country, multi-year, meta-analysis. A potential mechanism for the infection.

10.21203/rs.2.19298/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Manfred S Green ◽

Naama Schwartz ◽

Victoria Peer

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Vaccine Development ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Age Groups ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Age Group ◽

Male Predominance ◽

Time Period ◽

Meta Regression ◽

Time Periods

Abstract Background . There is evidence that males have higher incidence rates (IR) of campylobacteriosis than femlaes. The objectives of this study were to determine whether the sex differences differ between age groups and are consistent over different countries and over different time periods. Methods. We obtained data on incidence rates of campylobacteriosis by sex and age group over a period of 11-26 years from seven countries. Male to female incidence rate ratios (IRR) were computed by age group, country and time period. For each age group, we used meta-analytic methods to combine the IRRs. Sensitivity analysis was used to test whether the results are robust to differences between countries and time periods. Meta-regression was conducted to estimate the different effects of age, country, and time period on the IRR. Results . In the age groups <1, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-44, 45-64 and 65+ years old, the pooled IRRs (with 95% CI) were 1.31 (1.26-1.37), 1.34 (1.31-1.37), 1.35 (1.32-1.38), 1.73 (1.68-1.79), 1.10 (1.08-1.12), 1.19(1.17-1.21) and 1.27 (1.24-1.30), respectively. For each age group, the excess campylobacteriosis incidence rates in males differed at different age groups. However, despite some quantitative differences between countries, the excess was consistently present over long time-periods. In meta-regression analysis, age group was responsible for almost all the variation in the IRRs. Conclusions . The male predominance in campylobacteriosis incidence rates starts in infancy. This suggests that this is due, at least in part, to physiological or genetic differences and not just behavioural factors. These findings can provide clues to the mechanisms of the infection and could lead to more targeted treatments and vaccine development.

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Factors associated with increasing campylobacteriosis incidence in Michigan, 2004–2013

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s095026881600159x ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 144 (15) ◽

pp. 3316-3325 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

W. CHA ◽

T. HENDERSON ◽

J. COLLINS ◽

S. D. MANNING

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Disease Surveillance ◽

Age Groups ◽

Spatial Analyses ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Disease Surveillance System ◽

Animal Density ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Increasing Trend ◽

Case Data

SUMMARYThis study was conducted to examine the incidence trend of campylobacteriosis in Michigan over a 10-year period and to investigate risk factors and clinical outcomes associated with infection. Campylobacter case data from 2004 to 2013 was obtained from the Michigan Disease Surveillance System. We conducted statistical and spatial analyses to examine trends and identify factors linked to campylobacteriosis as well as ecological associations using animal density data from the National Agricultural Statistics Service. An increasing trend of Campylobacter incidence and hospitalization was observed, which was linked to specific age groups and rural residence. Cases reporting ruminant contact and well water as the primary drinking source had a higher risk of campylobacteriosis, while higher cattle density was associated with an increased risk at the county level. Additional studies are needed to identify age-specific risk factors and examine prevalence and transmission dynamics in ruminants and the environment to aid in the development of more effective preventive strategies.

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Leptospiral infection in school-children from Trinidad and Barbados

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268800030442 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 103 (1) ◽

pp. 143-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

C. O. R Everard ◽

R. J. Hayes ◽

C. N. Edwards

Keyword(s):

Water Supply ◽

Rural Schools ◽

School Children ◽

Age Groups ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Agglutination Test ◽

Serological Survey ◽

Average Annual Incidence ◽

The Difference ◽

Behavioural Factors

SUMMARYA serological survey for leptospiral agglutinins was undertaken between 1980 and 1983 in over 500 Barbadian and 500 Trinidadian school-children aged 7–14 years. The children were selected randomly from urban and rural schools, and examined three times at approximately annual intervals. A total of 12·5% of the Barbadian children and 9·5% of the Trinidadian children were seropositive at a titre of 50 using the microscopic agglutination test. On both islands, seroprevalence was higher in males than females, the difference being significant in rural schools. There was no evidence of a difference in prevalence between urban and rural schools, or between junior and secondary age-ranges. Analysis of the association of serology with socio-economic and behavioural factors showed a significant association in Trinidad with father's occupation, but most other variables on both islands showed only weak non-significant associations. Fourteen children in Trinidad and three in Barbados seroconverted. Seroconversion in Trinidad occurred at a rate of 1·6% per annum and was significantly associated with livestock contact and with absence of a tapped water supply. In Trinidad, Autumnalis was the most commonly recorded serogroup, but this accounted for less than a quarter of seropositives. In Barbados, Panama accounted for over half the seropositives and was about four times more common than the next most common serogroup, Autumnalis. In Barbados, 39 persons aged 19 or less were hospitalized with leptospirosis between November 1979 and December 1986. Average annual incidence rates were 2·2, 4·9 and 13·3 per 100000 in the 5·9, 10·14 and 15·19 age-groups, respectively.

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Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections in Houston, Texas: An outline

Online Journal of Public Health Informatics ◽

10.5210/ojphi.v9i1.7677 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hafeez Rehman ◽

Imran Shaikh ◽

Kasimu Muhetaer ◽

Salma Khuwaja

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Disease Surveillance ◽

Age Groups ◽

Acute Care Hospital ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Term Care ◽

Health Care Settings ◽

Disease Surveillance System ◽

Enterobacteriaceae Infections

ObjectiveTo examine demographic as well as clinical characteristics of theCarbapenam Resistant Enteriobacteriacae (CRE) Organisms cases inHouston, Texas, 2015-2016IntroductionAccording to CDC, CRE is used to describe bacteria that are non-susceptible to one or more carbapenems; doripenem, meropenemor imipenem and resistant to third generation cephalosporins likeceftriaxone, cefotaxime and ceftazidime. These organisms causeinfections that are associated with high mortality rates and they havethe potential to spread widely. Antibiotic resistant bacteria causemore than 2 million illnesses and at least 23,000 deaths each year inUnited States. CREs are found in many health care settings like acutecare hospitals, long term care facilities, nursing homes, rehabilitationfacilities and other health care settings. Although CREs includes anumber of species, reporting in State of Texas is limited to CRE-Klebsiellaspecies and CRE-E.coli.MethodsPopulation-based surveillance data was generated from Houston’selectronic disease surveillance system reported to Houston HealthDepartment (HHD) from October 2015 to July 2016. Descriptiveanalysis was performed to examine demographic and clinicalcharacteristics across different age groups, gender and race/ethnicity.HHD has received a total of 463 CRE cases during the time period,out of which 72 were non-reportable and did not meet the casecriteria, 187 were out of jurisdiction. The remaining 204 cases wereincluded in this study.ResultsOut of a total of 204 cases, males and females were representedequally (50% each). The mean age of the cases was 67 years(age ranges from 22-98). Majority of the cases were in the older agegroup, 70 years and above 53 (26%), followed by 48 (24%) in agegroup 80 and above years. Among the different race/ethnic groups,African-Americans comprised of 82 (40%), followed by Whites67 (33%) and Hispanics 33 (16%). Out of 204 cases, 156 (76%)were hospitalized, which included acute care hospital, long-termacute care or nursing home. Out of 156 hospitalized cases, 71 (34%)were in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and 136 (67%) had an invasiveor indwelling device. Of all the cases, 80% had CREKlebsiellapneumoniae, followed by 11% who had CRE- E coli. The cases weredistributed evenly across the city when plotted on ArcGIS with theirresidential addresses.ConclusionsCRE cases are found to be more common among older age groups,African American population and in hospitalized patients. CRE canbe a ground for increasing infectious diseases in the community andone of the reason may be unnecessary use of antimicrobial agents.This study provides a glimpse into the number of CRE cases reportedin Houston since CREs are classified a separate disease in Texas.Further studies are needed to explore the occurrence of anti-microbialdrug resistance among the specific population groups and how thecase investigation efforts can be targeted to enhance prevention.

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Edentulism in Saudi Arabia and associated factors

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20214306 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 5614

Author(s):

Anas Omar Haroub ◽

Abdullah Abdu Khormi ◽

Rawan Ahmad Yankesar ◽

Shaden Abdullah Alhumaid ◽

Mohammad Ibrahim Aleissa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Age Groups ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Vulnerable Groups ◽

Early Interventions ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Educational Levels ◽

The Difference

The epidemiology of edentulism is different across the different communities and the prevalence rates are also significantly different and it can be affected by various factors. There have been many investigations that reported the prevalence rates of edentulism across the different countries globally. However, not many investigations were published in Saudi Arabia and the published ones also report different findings. In the present study, we have reviewed the current studies in the literature to investigate the prevalence of edentulism and associated factors in Saudi Arabia. Our results indicated that the reported rates were conflicting among the different reports across the Kingdom and some of these rates are lower than other rates that were reported in some countries but higher than others also. Therefore, further nationwide research was still needed to formulate better evidence and help draw adequate interventions for the most vulnerable groups. Age, gender, educational levels, regional residency, socioeconomic status, depression and diabetes have all been reported to be correlated with edentulism. The prevalence of the condition has been reported to be highest among older age groups, while evidence is contradicting about the difference between both genders. Therefore, targeting vulnerable populations with early interventions can reduce the incidence rates and enhance the quality of life among these populations.

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Sex differences in campylobacteriosis incidence rates at different ages - a seven country, multi-year, meta-analysis. A potential mechanism for the infection.

10.21203/rs.2.19298/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Manfred S Green ◽

Naama Schwartz ◽

Victoria Peer

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Vaccine Development ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Age Groups ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Age Group ◽

Male Predominance ◽

Time Period ◽

Meta Regression ◽

Time Periods

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Now-casting the COVID-19 epidemic: The use case of Japan, March 2020

10.1101/2020.03.18.20037473 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Stephan Glöckner ◽

Gérard Krause ◽

Michael Höhle

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Symptom Onset ◽

Disease Surveillance ◽

Olympic Games ◽

Use Case ◽

Epidemic Curve ◽

Time Period ◽

Case Count ◽

Reporting Delays ◽

Reporting Delay

AbstractBackgroundReporting delays in disease surveillance impair the ability to assess the current dynamic of an epidemic. In continuously updated epidemic curves, case numbers for the most recent epidemic week or day usually appear to be lower than the previous, suggesting a decline of the epidemic. In reality, the epidemic curve may still be on the rise, because reporting delay prevents the most recent cases to appear in the case count. In context of the COVID-19 epidemic and for countries planning large international gatherings, such as the Summer Olympic Games in Japan 2020, the ability to assess the actual stage of an epidemic is of outmost importance.MethodsWe applied now-casting onto COVID-19 data provided by the nCoV-2019 Data Working Group to evaluate the true count of cases, by taking into account reporting delays occurring between date of symptom onset and date of confirmation.FindingsWe calculated a decrease of reporting delay, from a median delay of ten days in calendar week four 2020 to six days in calendar week eight, resulting in an overall mean of 4.3 days. The confidence intervals of the now-casting indicated an increase of cases in the last reporting days, while case country in that same time period suggested a decline.InterpretationAs a specific use case this tool may be of particular value for the challenging risk assessment and risk communication in the context of the Summer Olympic Games in Japan 2020 and similar situations elsewhere.

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