scholarly journals 218. A 5-Year Retrospective Study of Actinomyces Odontolyticus Bacteraemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S217-S218
Author(s):  
Maisa Ali ◽  
Almurtada Razok ◽  
Hisham Ziglam
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Blood Stream Infection ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Actinomyces Species ◽  
Widespread Availability ◽  
Identification Techniques

Abstract Background Actinomyces species are Gram positive anaerobic, non-sporulating, non-acid fast, non-motile, irregularly staining bacterium. It is associated with a wide range of infections including; dental caries, abscesses, intraabdominal and bloodstream infections. A. odontolyticus normally a commensal organism found in the mouth, was first isolated from dental caries in 1958. The incidence of Actinomyces odontolyticus bacteremia is less common. Methods We are reporting 15 cases of isolated A. odontolyticus blood stream infection at HMC, State of Qatar from 1/1/2016 to 1/11/2020. We aim to describe their clinical characteristic, risk factors and treatment outcome. Results Our patients with bacteraemia fall into one of two groups. The first group consists of paediatric patients with unremarkable co-morbidities. The second group includes older adults, often with co-morbidities that pre-dispose to infection, such as diabetes mellitus or hypertension. Fever was the main presenting sign and symptom in 12 patients (80%). Nine of the patients were females (60%). 13 patients (86%) received antibiotics. Maximum duration of antibiotics was 60 days and minimum duration was three days. The infectious disease team was consulted for six patients (40%). One patient died while the other 14 recovered uneventfully with a case fatality rate of 6.6%. Reported cases of Actinomyces odontolyticus bacteraemia in Hamad Medical Corporation between 1/1/2016 to 1/11/2020 Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of selected antibiotics against A. odontolyticus, including interpretations and breakpoints, as reported by the AMRHAI reference unit, PHE Colindale Conclusion Clinicians of all specialties need to be aware of the rising number of reports of Actinomyces species bacteraemia due to widespread availability of molecular identification techniques, including MALTI-TOF. 3 Furthermore, more studies are needed to determine guidelines for treating these resilient microbes Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals A Reduction in Adult Blood Stream Infection and Case Fatality at a Large African Hospital following Antiretroviral Therapy Roll-Out

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e92226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Feasey ◽  
Angela Houston ◽  
Mavuto Mukaka ◽  
Dan Komrower ◽  
Thandie Mwalukomo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Blood Stream Infection ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Roll Out

Nosocomial Bloodstream Infections in Patients Receiving Extracorporeal Life Support: Variability in Prevention Practices

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 654-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lily B. Glater-Welt ◽  
James B. Schneider ◽  
Marcia M. Zinger ◽  
Lisa Rosen ◽  
Todd M. Sweberg
Keyword(s):  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis ◽  
Blood Stream Infection ◽  
Extracorporeal Life Support ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
The United States ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Support Organization

Nosocomial blood stream infections (BSIs) increase both the morbidity and the mortality of patients receiving extracorporeal life support (ECLS). The aim of this study was to identify common practices for blood stream infection prevention among national Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) programs. An electronic survey that comprised of a 16-item questionnaire was sent out to all ECMO program directors and coordinators within the United States that are part of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) registry. A total of 152 institutions in 40 states were surveyed, with 85 (55%) responses. One-quarter of the institutions responded that an ECMO infection-prevention bundle or checklist was used during the cannulation. Less than half responded that an ECMO infection-prevention bundle or checklist was used for cannula maintenance, although a majority (82.9%) of institutions responded that a “standard approach to cannula dressings” was used. Half of the respondents reported antimicrobial prophylaxis was routinely prescribed for patients on ECMO, although specific regimens varied widely. Of the institutions, 34.2% reported sending daily blood cultures as part of routine surveillance. Smaller programs were more likely to send daily surveillance blood cultures (58.8%, P < .01). We found no clear consensus on practices used to prevent BSI in patients receiving ECMO.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Introduction of Innovative REDS Scale for the Evaluation of Central Tunnelled Catheter (CTC) Exit Site on Infection Prevention in Long-Term Haemodialyzed Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Porazko ◽  
Edyta Stasiak ◽  
Marian Klinger
Keyword(s):  
Blood Stream Infection ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Exit Site ◽  
Exit Site Infection ◽  
The Impact

Central tunneled catheter (CTC)-related infections are a leading cause of a catheter loss, thus being the source of significant morbidity and mortality. The study aims at evaluating the impact of the implementation of the innovative redness, edema, discharge and tenderness, symptoms (REDS) scale (devised by the authors) for the description of the tunnel condition on the frequency of infection in long-term catheter users. The same cohort of the 40 patients was observed for 4 years altogether: 2 years before and 2 years after REDS application. The results, as well as follow-up evaluation of participants, were compared. The 2-year cumulative incidence of the CTC exit site infection (ESI) dropped significantly (log-rank p &lt; 0.001) from 0.89 episode/1,000 catheter days (53.5%, 95% CI [35.9%; 66.2%]) in the period before REDS was used—to 0.26 episode/1,000 catheter days (18.6%, 95% CI [6.1%; 29.4%]) in the time of REDS application. There were also significantly fewer episodes of ESI complicated with catheter-related blood stream infection (CRBSI) requiring the CTC removal (0.6 episode/1,000 catheter days; 18.6%, 95% CI [6.1%; 29.4%] vs. 0.3 episode/1,000 catheter days; 4.7%, 95% CI [0.0; 10.7%]; log-rank p = 0.04, in pre-REDS and REDS time, respectively). The REDS scale appears to be a simple, cost-effective tool reducing the frequency of the tunneled CTC exit site infection and associated bloodstream infections.

Identification of New Inhibitors for Klebsiella Pneumoniae Trimethoprim-Resistant Dihydrofolate Reductase: An in Silico Drug Repurposing Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Khedrinia ◽  
Farzad Khademi ◽  
Seyed Ali Mirhosseini ◽  
Ramezan Ali Taheri
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Dihydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Blood Stream Infection ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

Abstract Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped, and pathogenic bacterium that is widely mutated and resistant to antibiotics. It can cause a wide range of hospital infections such as pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and blood-stream infection in humans. Identification and development of potential drugs due to high drug resistance by Klebsiella pneumoniae are inevitable. Dihydrofolate reductase is a vital enzyme for cells because it converts 7,8-dihydrofolate to 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate. Trimethoprim (TMP) is an inhibitor of K. pneumoniae DHFR and other micro-organisms, but resistance to its action develops quickly when it is used. Identifying and designing new drugs is a costly, time-consuming, and challenging process. On the other hand, computational drug repurposing has become an efficient, economical and riskless strategy. In this study, the structure-based virtual docking approach was used to screen the FDA-approved drugs data-set against K. pneumoniae trimethoprim-resistance DHFR to identify potential hit compounds. Then, to validate the hit compounds, molecular dynamics simulations and MM/PBSA analyses were carried out. Our computational drug repurposing results show that the Olodaterol and Pazopanib like reference ligand interact with key residues such as Ile20, Glu27, Phe31, Met50, Leu53 and inhibit K. pneumoniae trimethoprim-resistant dihydrofolate reductase while TMP does not have strong interaction with the active site. According to the results of the current study and since it was based on drug repurposing both compounds of Pazopanib and Olodaterol could be evaluated in phase 2 clinical trials.

scholarly journals Catheter-related blood stream infection in hemodialysis patients with symmetric tunneled non-side-hole hemodialysis catheters

2021 ◽  
pp. 112972982110270
Author(s):  
Michael G Tal ◽  
Alexander S Yevzlin
Keyword(s):  
Bloodstream Infection ◽  
Blood Stream Infection ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Side Hole ◽  
Hemodialysis Catheter ◽  
Catheter Tip ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Catheter Related Bloodstream Infection

Background: Tunneled hemodialysis catheter-related bloodstream infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in end-stage renal disease patients. Side holes positioned near the tip of catheters have been linked to formation of thrombi, which, in turn, have been implicated in predisposition to infection. In addition, side holes allow spillage of catheter locking solution, including antibiotics, thereby minimizing the lock solution’s effect on the catheter tip. This study assessed the infection events that occurred in a series of hemodialysis patients using a non-side-hole catheter. Methods: Over a period of 2 years, a novel symmetric-tip non-side-hole catheter was placed in 60 patients. Hemodialysis was performed thrice weekly. Prescribed dialyzer flows were 300–350 mL/min. Catheters were routinely locked with heparin 5000 units/mL between treatments. Patients were followed up for any catheter related complications, specifically infection events. Results: Seven events of catheter-related bloodstream infection occurred for a rate of 0.76 events per 1000 catheter-days, with the first event occurring 9 weeks after insertion. These events were treated by locking the affected catheter with 2 g of clindamycin in 2 mL of heparin 1000 units/mL and administration of intravenous antibiotics, in most cases, for 7–14 days. Two catheters were removed due to infection. Conclusions: Catheter-related bloodstream infections with non-side-hole hemodialysis catheters do occur at a relatively low rate and in this initial preliminary study it seems that most of these infections can be successfully treated without removal of the affected catheters.

scholarly journals A Review on the Reported Antibacterial Activity of 1,3,5-Triazine

2021 ◽  
pp. 279-292
Author(s):  
Mrinmoy Basak ◽  
Biplab Kumar Dey ◽  
Sajidul Hoque Ansari ◽  
Moksood Ahmed Laskar ◽  
Priyanka Goswami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Blood Stream Infection ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Born Child ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Pharmaceutical Properties ◽  
Derivatives Of

Antibiotics are the class of drugs used for bacterial, viral & fungal infection. Antibiotic resistance is the ability of microorganism to withstand themselves against the effects of a drug. Every year antibiotic resistance causes more than 38000 deaths in Thailand, 23000 deaths in USA. In South Asia one new born child dies every 5 minutes from blood stream infection because antibiotics given are ineffective due to bacterial resistance. Now antibiotic resistance is a threat to global health. In this paper, triazene derivatives are kept in concern.  Triazines are six-membered, nitrogen-containing heterocyclic scaffold with a wide range of pharmaceutical properties such as antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antioxidants, antitubercular, antimalarial and anti-inflammatory. Due to lack of new antibiotics as well older antibiotic are rapidly proving ineffective, derivatives of triazine would be of great significance in future prospective.

Healthcare associated infections caused by non-fermenting Gram negative rods (NFGNR): six years of experience of a tertiary hospital

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 06-12
Author(s):  
Zahidul Hasan ◽  
Md. Kamrul Islam ◽  
Arifa Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Blood Stream Infection ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Recently non-fermenting Gram negative rods (NFGNR) are playing an important role in healthcare associated infections. This observational study in a tertiary care hospital of Dhaka city conducted during 01August 2007 to 30 June 2013 found that 34.8% isolated organisms from patients with healthcare associated infections were NFGNR. Majority (74.3 %) of these infections were occurring inside critical care areas. Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter together constituted 79.6% of the total NFGNR whereas Burkholderia cephacia complex (15.4%), Stenotrophomonas (4.3%) and Chryseobacterium species (0.7%) combined constituted remaining 20.4%. Out of total NFGNRs, Pseudomonas was responsible for highest number of catheter associated urinary tract infections (55.6%), ventilator associated pneumonia (46.3%), respiratory tract infection (65.8%) and surgical site infection (70.6%). Blood stream infection was predominantly caused by Burkholderia cephacia complex (33.5%) and Acinetobacter spp. (39.5%). Other than colistin most of the organisms were resistant to antibiotics commonly recommended for NFGNR.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v7i2.19326 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2013; 07(02): 6-12

Formulation and evaluation of herbal tooth powder for oral care

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Bharathi M ◽  
Rajalingam D ◽  
Vinothkumar S ◽  
Artheeswari R ◽  
Kanimozhi R ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
Mustard Oil ◽  
Tooth Decay ◽  
Normal Flora ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Acid Producing Bacteria ◽  
Streptococcus Mutants

Herbal tooth powders consisting of various ingredients that are available in the market in a wide range. Hence modern methods focusing on these aspects are useful for the standardization of herbs and their formulations. Consumers believed by using herbal-based toothpowders are safe, effective, and less toxic. This study is thus aimed to provide an alternative to the consumer and formulate herbal tooth powder using Clove, Neem Stem, Acacia Stem, Stevia Leaf, Mustard Oil, Salt, Ginger and Amla. The oral cavity infections are the most common types of infections. Dental caries is an infectious disease, causes damage and infection of enamel and dentine. If it is not treated, the infection continues and will lead to tooth loss. The mouth contains normal flora of opportunistic bacteria that are normally non-pathogenic. The imbalance of this situation causes infection and tooth decay. Streptococcus mutants are considered as the main species involved in the development of dental caries. S. mutants, acid-producing bacteria, causes fermentation of carbohydrates which results in tooth decay. Therefore, in the present work, the following aspects of Herbal tooth powders were planned for the formulation, standardization of herbal tooth powder, and anti-bacterial screening of the extracts of herbal tooth powder. 

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