scholarly journals 569. Evaluation of a Povidone-Iodine Preparation for Nasal Decolonization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S269-S269
Author(s):  
Hussein Abou Ghaddara ◽  
Jennifer Cadnum ◽  
Y Karen Ng Wong ◽  
Curtis Donskey
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Perioperative Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Dosing Intervals ◽  
And Control ◽  
Emergence Of Resistance

Abstract Background Mupirocin is commonly used for nasal decolonization of Staphylococcus aureus, but it has limitations including frequent emergence of resistance and non-adherence due to the need for repeated applications. Povidone-iodine is increasingly used as an alternative for nasal decolonization because it has a low propensity for emergence of resistance and rapid in vitro antibacterial activity. However, limited data are available on the microbiological efficacy of povidone-iodine for suppression of nasal S. aureus. Methods We compared the effectiveness of a single application or 5 days of twice daily application of a commercial 10% povidone-iodine preparation vs. phosphate-buffered saline for a reduction in nasal MRSA in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)-colonized patients (9–11 per treatment group). Nasal swabs were collected for quantitative culture of MRSA before and at 1, 6, 12 and 24 hours after the single application or before each dose for the 5-day regimen. Analysis of variance was used to compare MRSA colony counts in povidone iodine vs. control patients. Results The concentrations of MRSA in the nares were similar for povidone-iodine and control group patients prior to treatment. As shown in the figure, the single application of povidone-iodine resulted in a statically significant reduction in nasal MRSA in comparison to controls at 2 and 6 hours after treatment (P10 colonies per swab). Conclusion Our findings suggest that single preoperative applications povidone-iodine could be useful for short-term suppression of S. aureus during the perioperative period. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of the povidone-iodine preparation for MRSA decolonization when used at more frequent dosing intervals or in combination with chlorhexidine bathing. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Staphylococcus aureus Mediastinitis: Prognostic Usefulness of an Early Medicosurgical Therapy

1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 325-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Voiriot ◽  
J. André Marcoux ◽  
Raymond Duperval ◽  
Javier Teijeira
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Median Sternotomy ◽  
Chest Roentgenogram ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Continuous Irrigation ◽  
Povidone Iodine Solution ◽  
Acute Mediastinitis

AbstractSix cases of acute Staphylococcus aureus mediastinitis after median sternotomy were reported. Five resulted from an asymptomatic disseminator of 5 aureus present in the operating room. Each case was characterized by an acute bacteremic phase, occurring after a mean interval of 8.2 ± 1.7 days after the surgical procedure; within 24 to 36 hours all patients had a temperature above 39°C, toxic appearance, and marked leukocytosis. Pericicatricial inflammation was moderate, instability of the sternum was present in only two patients, and chest roentgenogram was not helpful in making an early diagnosis. No risk factor for mediasinitis in connection with the perioperative or postoperative periods was noted in cases compared with a control group of 103 patients. All strains of S aureus were susceptible in vitro to the antibiotic regimen used in prophylaxis. All patients underwent early surgical reopening of the mediastinum within 47 ± 15 hours after the first sign of acute mediastinitis. Mediastinal debridement and continuous irrigation-suction with dilute povidone-iodine solution were associated with intravenous antistaphylococcal therapy for a period of four to six weeks. All patients survived and no recurrence was observed, a finding we think due to early diagnosis and aggressive medicosurgical therapy.

scholarly journals Povidone Iodine: Properties, Mechanisms of Action, and Role in Infection Control and Staphylococcus aureus Decolonization

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier Lepelletier ◽  
Jean Yves Maillard ◽  
Bruno Pozzetto ◽  
Anne Simon
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Intranasal Mupirocin ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Emergence Of Resistance

ABSTRACT Nasal decolonization is an integral part of the strategies used to control and prevent the spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. The two most commonly used agents for decolonization are intranasal mupirocin 2% ointment and chlorhexidine wash, but the increasing emergence of resistance and treatment failure has underscored the need for alternative therapies. This article discusses povidone iodine (PVP-I) as an alternative decolonization agent and is based on literature reviewed during an expert’s workshop on resistance and MRSA decolonization. Compared to chlorhexidine and mupirocin, respectively, PVP-I 10 and 7.5% solutions demonstrated rapid and superior bactericidal activity against MRSA in in vitro and ex vivo studies. Notably, PVP-I 10 and 5% solutions were also active against both chlorhexidine-resistant and mupirocin-resistant strains, respectively. Unlike chlorhexidine and mupirocin, available reports have not observed a link between PVP-I and the induction of bacterial resistance or cross-resistance to antiseptics and antibiotics. These preclinical findings also translate into clinical decolonization, where intranasal PVP-I significantly improved the efficacy of chlorhexidine wash and was as effective as mupirocin in reducing surgical site infection in orthopedic surgery. Overall, these qualities of PVP-I make it a useful alternative decolonizing agent for the prevention of S. aureus infections, but additional experimental and clinical data are required to further evaluate the use of PVP-I in this setting.

scholarly journals Celery (Apium graveolens) as a potential antibacterial agent and its effect on cytokeratin-17 and other healing promoters in skin wounds infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 865-871
Author(s):  
Yos Adi Prakoso ◽  
Chylen Setiyo Rini ◽  
Asih Rahayu ◽  
Miarsono Sigit ◽  
Dyah Widhowati
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Background and Aim: Antimicrobial resistance is a global problem caused by extensive utilization of antibiotics that promote gene resistant among bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus. This study aimed to analyze the potential effects of celery (Apium graveolens) extract as an antioxidant and antimicrobial agent against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), in vitro and in vivo. Materials and Methods: Celery was extracted and tested against a MRSA isolate in vitro. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against MRSA for the celery extract (CE) was determined to be 0.1% and it was formulated into a cream. A total of 30 female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups: Group 1, negative control; Group 2, positive control; Group 3, treated with 0.05% CE cream; Group 4, 0.1% CE cream; and Group 5, 0.2% CE cream. All animals in the groups were exposed to a full-thickness skin biopsy on the dorsal portion, and they were infected with 30 μL of 105 colony-forming units of the MRSA isolate. The treatment was administered twice a day for 7 days. The skin samples were collected on days 3 and 7 after the treatment. The skin tissue was examined histologically using hematoxylin and eosin, Gram staining, and immunohistochemistry against cytokeratin (CK)-17. Results: Results showed that 0.2% of CE cream was the best treatment for wounds infected with MRSA. CE (0.2%) cream increased skin reepithelialization, fibroblast proliferation, and CK-17 expression; it also decreased the percentage of wound area, inflammatory cell infiltration, and bacterial colonization in skin wound tissue compared to the other treatments (p≤0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that celery could be utilized as an alternative herbal therapy against MRSA-associated skin infections.

scholarly journals Combining the FtsZ-Targeting Prodrug TXA709 and the Cephalosporin Cefdinir Confers Synergy and Reduces the Frequency of Resistance in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 4290-4296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malvika Kaul ◽  
Lilly Mark ◽  
Ajit K. Parhi ◽  
Edmond J. LaVoie ◽  
Daniel S. Pilch
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Drug Dose ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Emergence Of Resistance

ABSTRACTCombination therapy of bacterial infections with synergistic drug partners offers distinct advantages over monotherapy. Among these advantages are (i) a reduction of the drug dose required for efficacy, (ii) a reduced potential for drug-induced toxicity, and (iii) a reduced potential for the emergence of resistance. Here, we describe the synergistic actions of the third-generation oral cephalosporin cefdinir and TXA709, a new, FtsZ-targeting prodrug that we have developed with improved pharmacokinetics and enhancedin vivoefficacy against methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) relative to earlier agents. We show that the active product of TXA709 (TXA707) acts synergistically with cefdinirin vitroagainst clinical isolates of MRSA, vancomycin-intermediateS. aureus(VISA), vancomycin-resistantS. aureus(VRSA), and linezolid-resistantS. aureus(LRSA). In addition, relative to TXA707 alone, the combination of TXA707 and cefdinir significantly reduces or eliminates the detectable emergence of resistance. We also demonstrate synergyin vivowith oral administration of the prodrug TXA709 and cefdinir in mouse models of both systemic and tissue (thigh) infections with MRSA. This synergy reduces the dose of TXA709 required for efficacy 3-fold. Viewed as a whole, our results highlight the potential of TXA709 and cefdinir as a promising combination for the treatment of drug-resistant staphylococcal infections.

scholarly journals Comparison of Antibacterial Activity of Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) Ethanol and Water Stem Extract Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC 3351 In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Ni Wayan Sinta Devi Arini ◽  
Bagus Komang Satriyasa ◽  
I Made Jawi ◽  
Agung Wiwiek Indrayani
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Andrographis Paniculata ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inhibitory Zone ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Stem Extract

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is penicillin and cephalosporine resistant Staphylococcus aureus which is a major cause of nosocomial infection. Various studies have been conducted for resistant cases, especially herbs which have antibacterial activity. Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) is an example of herb which has antibacterial activity due to the presence of andrographolide. Andrographolide soluble in ethanol and poorly in water, while extraction with alcohol causes andrographolide’s degradation. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of ethanol and water stem extract and compare them against MRSA ATCC 3351 in vitro.Methods: This is an experimental study with a post-test only control group design and conducted by disc diffusion technique to obtain an inhibition zone against MRSA.Result: The result of this study showed the mean inhibitory zone of ethanol stem extract was 5,87mm, 6,77mm, 7,87mm respectively for 25%, 50%, and 100% concentrations, while 1% concentration did not show antibacterial activity. Water stem extract at 1%, 25%, 50%, and 100% concentrations showed mean inhibitory zone was at 4,57mm, 7,17mm, 8,67mm, and 9,67mm respectively.Conclusion: Ethanol and water stem extract showed antibacterial activity against MRSA. The independent sample t-test didn’t show a difference between ethanol and water stem extract of Andrographis paniculata toward MRSA (p>0,05).

scholarly journals Antimicrobial in vitro Study of Cosmos caudatus H.B.K Leaves Extract Towards Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

2015 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Zahrah Febianti
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Cosmos Caudatus ◽  
Significant Difference

Cosmos caudatus H.B.K leaves is known to have many active substances with antimicrobial effect such as saponin, flavonoid, poliphenol, volatile oil, costunolide, and 4,4’-bipyridin. This research is conducted to prove the antimicrobial effect of Cosmos caudatus leaves extract on gram positive Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in vitro. The sample of this research is served by Microbiology Laboratorium of Brawijaya University. An experimental study with tube dilution method was carried out. The treated groups are groups of bacteria treated with Cosmos caudatus leaves extract with a range concentrations of 14%; 12%; 10%; 8%; and 6%. The control group is groups treated with 0% extract. The result indicates that the MIC (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration) can not be observed due to the extract’s turbid green colour. The MBC (Minimal Bactericidal Concentration) is 14% for MRSA. Data analysis with CI=95% shows a significant difference of effects on the number of MRSA colonies growth (Anova, p = 0,000) with the change of extract concentrations. The correlation regression test shows a strong association between the extract concentration and the number of colonies growth (Correlation, r = -0,754, p=0,000). Cosmos caudatus leaves extract has antimicrobial effect on MRSA.Keywords : Cosmos caudatus leaves estract, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), antimicrobial.

scholarly journals Group V Phospholipase A2 Mediates Endothelial Dysfunction and Acute Lung Injury Caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1731
Author(s):  
Yu Maw Htwe ◽  
Huashan Wang ◽  
Patrick Belvitch ◽  
Lucille Meliton ◽  
Mounica Bandela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Group V ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Lung endothelial dysfunction is a key feature of acute lung injury (ALI) and clinical acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Previous studies have identified the lipid-generating enzyme, group V phospholipase A2 (gVPLA2), as a mediator of lung endothelial barrier disruption and inflammation. The current study aimed to determine the role of gVPLA2 in mediating lung endothelial responses to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, USA300 strain), a major cause of ALI/ARDS. In vitro studies assessed the effects of gVPLA2 inhibition on lung endothelial cell (EC) permeability after exposure to heat-killed (HK) MRSA. In vivo studies assessed the effects of intratracheal live or HK-MRSA on multiple indices of ALI in wild-type (WT) and gVPLA2-deficient (KO) mice. In vitro, HK-MRSA increased gVPLA2 expression and permeability in human lung EC. Inhibition of gVPLA2 with either the PLA2 inhibitor, LY311727, or with a specific monoclonal antibody, attenuated the barrier disruption caused by HK-MRSA. LY311727 also reduced HK-MRSA-induced permeability in mouse lung EC isolated from WT but not gVPLA2-KO mice. In vivo, live MRSA caused significantly less ALI in gVPLA2 KO mice compared to WT, findings confirmed by intravital microscopy assessment in HK-MRSA-treated mice. After targeted delivery of gVPLA2 plasmid to lung endothelium using ACE antibody-conjugated liposomes, MRSA-induced ALI was significantly increased in gVPLA2-KO mice, indicating that lung endothelial expression of gVPLA2 is critical in vivo. In summary, these results demonstrate an important role for gVPLA2 in mediating MRSA-induced lung EC permeability and ALI. Thus, gVPLA2 may represent a novel therapeutic target in ALI/ARDS caused by bacterial infection.

Agitation Techniques to Enhance Drainage of Retained Hemothorax

2020 ◽  
pp. 155335062097800
Author(s):  
Ian A. Makey ◽  
Nitin A. Das ◽  
Samuel Jacob ◽  
Magdy M. El-Sayed Ahmed ◽  
Colleen M. Makey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trauma Surgery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Vibration Technique ◽  
Retained Hemothorax ◽  
And Control ◽  
Negative Conclusion ◽  
Benchtop Model

Background. Retained hemothorax (RH) is a common problem in cardiothoracic and trauma surgery. We aimed to determine the optimum agitation technique to enhance thrombus dissolution and drainage and to apply the technique to a porcine-retained hemothorax. Methods. Three agitation techniques were tested: flush irrigation, ultrasound, and vibration. We used the techniques in a benchtop model with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and pig hemothorax with tPA. We used the most promising technique vibration in a pig hemothorax without tPA. Statistics. We used 2-sample t tests for each comparison and Cohen d tests to calculate effect size (ES). Results. In the benchtop model, mean drainages in the agitation group and control group and the ES were flush irrigation, 42%, 28%, and 2.91 ( P = .10); ultrasound, 35%, 27%, and .76 ( P = .30); and vibration, 28%, 19%, and 1.14 ( P = .04). In the pig hemothorax with tPA, mean drainages and the ES of each agitation technique compared with control (58%) were flush irrigation, 80% and 1.14 ( P = .37); ultrasound, 80% and 2.11 ( P = .17); and vibration, 95% and 3.98 ( P = .06). In the pig hemothorax model without tPA, mean drainages of the vibration technique and control group were 50% and 43% (ES = .29; P = .65). Discussion. In vitro studies suggested flush irrigation had the greatest effect, whereas only vibration was significantly different vs the respective controls. In vivo with tPA, vibration showed promising but not statistically significant results. Results of in vivo experiments without tPA were negative. Conclusion. Agitation techniques, in combination with tPA, may enhance drainage of hemothorax.

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