scholarly journals Celery (Apium graveolens) as a potential antibacterial agent and its effect on cytokeratin-17 and other healing promoters in skin wounds infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 865-871
Author(s):  
Yos Adi Prakoso ◽  
Chylen Setiyo Rini ◽  
Asih Rahayu ◽  
Miarsono Sigit ◽  
Dyah Widhowati
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Background and Aim: Antimicrobial resistance is a global problem caused by extensive utilization of antibiotics that promote gene resistant among bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus. This study aimed to analyze the potential effects of celery (Apium graveolens) extract as an antioxidant and antimicrobial agent against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), in vitro and in vivo. Materials and Methods: Celery was extracted and tested against a MRSA isolate in vitro. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against MRSA for the celery extract (CE) was determined to be 0.1% and it was formulated into a cream. A total of 30 female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups: Group 1, negative control; Group 2, positive control; Group 3, treated with 0.05% CE cream; Group 4, 0.1% CE cream; and Group 5, 0.2% CE cream. All animals in the groups were exposed to a full-thickness skin biopsy on the dorsal portion, and they were infected with 30 μL of 105 colony-forming units of the MRSA isolate. The treatment was administered twice a day for 7 days. The skin samples were collected on days 3 and 7 after the treatment. The skin tissue was examined histologically using hematoxylin and eosin, Gram staining, and immunohistochemistry against cytokeratin (CK)-17. Results: Results showed that 0.2% of CE cream was the best treatment for wounds infected with MRSA. CE (0.2%) cream increased skin reepithelialization, fibroblast proliferation, and CK-17 expression; it also decreased the percentage of wound area, inflammatory cell infiltration, and bacterial colonization in skin wound tissue compared to the other treatments (p≤0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that celery could be utilized as an alternative herbal therapy against MRSA-associated skin infections.

scholarly journals Preparation and Evaluation of Azelaic Acid Topical Microemulsion Formulation: In Vitro and In Vivo Study

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 410
Author(s):  
Wan-Hsuan Hung ◽  
Ping-Kang Chen ◽  
Chih-Wun Fang ◽  
Ying-Chi Lin ◽  
Pao-Chu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Azelaic Acid ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Topical Administration ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Commercial Product ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Drug Delivery Carrier

The aim of this study was to design oil in water (O/W) microemulsion formulations for the topical administration of azelaic acid. The permeability of azelaic acid through rat skin and the anti-inflammatory activities of the formulations were conducted to examine the efficacy of the designed formulations. Skin irritation and stability tests were also performed. The permeability of azelaic acid was significantly increased by using O/W microemulsions as carriers. The edema index of ear swelling percentage was significantly recovered by the 5% drug-loaded formulation and a 20% commercial product, demonstrating that the experimental formulation possessed comparable effect with the commercial product on the improvement of inflammation. The experimental formulation did not cause significant skin irritation compared to the negative control group. Moreover, the drug-loaded formulation also showed thermodynamic stability and chemical stability after storage for 30 days. In conclusion, the O/W microemulsion was a potential drug delivery carrier for azelaic acid topical application.

scholarly journals POTENSI EKSTRAK JAHE MERAH (Zingiberaceae officinale rosc)SEBAGAI ANTIMIKROBA DAN PENINGKAT KUALITAS SPERMATOZOA MENCIT YANG DIINFEKSI BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus SECARA INTRA URETHRA

WAHANA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ersanto Ersanto ◽  
Sukarjati Sukarjati
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Plate Count Method ◽  
Red Ginger

Red Ginger (Zingiberaceae officinale rosc) is known to be used as an anti-microbial andenhancing the quality of spermatozoa. This study aims to demonstrate of the red ginger extract(Zingiberaceae officinale rosc)potential as an antimicrobial and the quality enhancer of spermatozoain laboratory rats injected by Staphylococcus aureus to its urethra. The red ginger was extracted byethanol. The sample of this research was the spermatozoa of 30 mice that were injected byStaphylococcus aureus to its urethra. Potential test of red ginger extract on the laboratory ratsconducted by observing the spermatozoa’s motility, viability, morphology, the spermatozoa’sconcentration and the amount of spermatozoa leukocyte in the laboratory rats after the administrationof the red ginger extract for 35 days under the microscope. Antimicrobial activity test onStaphylococcus aureus was done by culturing the spermatozoa of laboratory rats (in vivo) afteradministering the red ginger extract for 35 days with total plate count method. The result of the studyshowed that there were differences between negative control group of laboratory rats and positivecontrol group of laboratory rats (laboratory rats injected with Staphylococcus aureus intra urethra)motility (p = 0.000), viability (p = 0.000), morphology (p = 0.000), concentration (p = 0.000), and theamount of leukocyte (p = 0.000). Whereas on the calculation of red ginger extract bacterial coloniesgive the significant effects p <0.05 on the growth of S. aureus. Based on the results of this study, it canbe conclude that the red ginger has potential as an antimicrobial and it also can improve the quality ofspermatozoa in laboratory rats infected with S. aureus through its urethra.

scholarly journals EFFICACY OF A STANDARDIZED ETHANOL EXTRACT OF ROSELLE CALYX IN THE TREATMENT OF ORAL MUCOSA ULCERATION (IN VIVO)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Reni Jayantini ◽  
Dewi Fatma Suniarti ◽  
Agoeng T Sarwono
Keyword(s):  
Topical Application ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Inflammation Score

 Objectives: To analyze the effectiveness of the topical application of a standardized ethanol extract of roselle calyx in the treatment of oral mucous ulceration.Methods: Twelve Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two groups, with oral mucous ulcer being induced in all the rats. The ulcer diameter, reddish color, and the swollen membrane around the ulcer, as well as the inflammation score of the ulcer, were recorded for all animals. The negative control group was treated with aquades, while the positive control group was treated with 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide. The treatment group received the topical application of 7.5% and 15% standardized ethanol extract of roselle calyx twice a day for 3 or 7 days. On the 4th day, six rats were sacrificed, while the remaining six rats continued to receive treatment as before. On the 8th day, all the rats were sacrificed. Specimens were fixed, and histology slides were made. Further, microscopic slides were observed and scored.Result: Both the 7.5% and 15% standardized ethanol extracts of roselle calyx were found to reduce the ulcer diameter and inflammation score. No swelling or redness was observed.Conclusions: The application of 7.5% standardized ethanol extract of roselle calyx for 7 days is equally as effective as the application of 0.1% triamcinolone acetonides, except in terms of the decrease in the inflammation score.

scholarly journals Combinatory transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells with flavonoid small molecule in acellular nerve graft promotes sciatic nerve regeneration

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 204173142098013
Author(s):  
Wen-yuan Li ◽  
Hua Jia ◽  
Zhen-Dong Wang ◽  
Feng-guo Zhai ◽  
Guang-da Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Nerve Graft ◽  
Lumbar Spinal Cord ◽  
Control Group

Previous animal studies have demonstrated that the flavonoid small-molecule TrkB agonist, 7, 8-dihydroxyflavone (DHF), promotes axon regeneration in transected peripheral nerves. In the present study, we investigated the combined effects of 7, 8-DHF treatment and bone marrow-derived stem/stromal cells (BMSCs) engraftment into acellular nerve allografts (ANAs) and explore relevant mechanisms that may be involved. Our results show that TrkB and downstream ERK1/2 phosphorylation are increased upon 7, 8-DHF treatment compared to the negative control group. Also, 7, 8-DHF promotes proliferation, survival, and Schwann-like cell differentiation of BMSCs in vitro. While selective ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 suppressed the effect of upregulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation and decreased cell proliferation, survival, and Schwann-like cell differentiation partially induced by 7, 8-DHF. In vivo, 7, 8-DHF promotes survival of transplanted BMSCs and upregulates axonal growth and myelination in regenerating ANAs. 7, 8-DHF+BMSCs also improved motor endplate density of target musculature. These benefits were associated with increased motor functional recovery. 7, 8-DHF+BMSCs significantly upregulated TrkB and ERK1/2 phosphorylation expression in regenerating ANA, and increased TrkB expression in the lumbar spinal cord. The mechanism of 7, 8-DHF action may be related to its ability to upregulate TrkB signaling, and downstream activation of survival signaling molecules ERK1/2 in the regenerating ANAs and spinal cord and improved survival of transplanted BMSCs. This study provides novel foundational data connecting the benefits of 7, 8-DHF treatment in neural injury and repair to BMSCs biology and function and demonstrates a potential combination approach for the treatment of injured peripheral nerve via nerve graft transplant.

scholarly journals Is traditional herbal mix composition effective on wound healing?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Serap Gokce Eskin ◽  
Yucel Basimoglu Koca ◽  
Serdal Ogut
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Wound Model ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective: Wound healing is a dynamic process that includes biochemical and physiological phenomena. Studies confirm that plants are used in wound healing to a great extent.  Antique oil (HBX 2371) has been produced as a traditional herbal mixed. This herbal mixture contains sesame oil, thyme oil, olive leaf, fig seed, grape seed, turmeric, and cinnamon. We evaluated traditional plant mixed oil ( Antique oil) for its wound-healing activity using an excision wound model in rats. Methods: The study used a preclinical, in vivo experimental, and analytical design. In the study, a total of 21 Sprague-Dawley rats, including 7 as experimental group, 7 as negative-control group, and 7 as positive-control group, were used. After the ischemic wound was created in experimental animals, the research data relating to the histochemical changes and biochemical parameters of the wound healing parameters were collected Results: A to research in experimental group fibroblast count, collagen density, fat cells, epithelization scores higher than the other groups and inflammatory cell density lower than the others. According to the results of the study, the highest TAC value (3.94 ± 0.21) was determined in the experimental group and results showed that antique oil administration decreased the TOC value. Conclusion: In conclusion, it was observed that antique oil prevented the wound changes induced by the incision, increased the repair of the epidermal and dermal structure in a short time, increased the antioxidant level, and decreased the oxidation level. Clinical studies are recommended.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Frangipani Leaf Extract (Plumeria alba Linn.) as a UV Filter

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-200
Author(s):  
Irein Kusuma Angreini ◽  
Aniek Prasetyaningsih ◽  
Vinsa Cantya Prakasita
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Uv Filters ◽  
Uv Filter

UV filters are necessary since UV rays are harmful to human skin. UV filter compounds in commercial sunscreen products can cause adverse effects. Thus, natural UV filters containing flavonoids, e.g. Frangipani (Plumeria alba Linn.) leaves, are needed. This research examined the use of flavonoids from P. alba leaf as a UV filter with in vitro and in vivo. Maceration was performed with 70% ethyl alco-hol and liquid-liquid extraction for flavonoid purification. Parameters tested were total flavonoid compounds, SPF value, and clinical symptoms of the melanogenesis inhibition scoring. The purification result was 43.6%. The flavonoid concentration in pure extract (64.4 mg QE /g) was higher than crude extract (57.6 mg QE/g). The highest SPF value (33.88) was observed in pure extract at 1400 mg/mL, while the same concentration of crude extract resulted in a lower SPF value (33.06). Pearson correlation analysis (0.536) indicated a di-rectly proportional relationship between SPF value and extract concentration. In vivo analysis was performed by scoring between 0-4 following the severity of erythema. After 21 days of sunlight exposure, the worst erythema was found in the negative control group (score 1.292). The best result was found in the group treated with pure extract 1400 mg/ml (score 0.542).

Anti-biofilm Activity of Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) against Streptococcus mutans bacteria

2021 ◽  
pp. 5019-5023
Author(s):  
Prawati Nuraini ◽  
Mega Moeharyono Puteri ◽  
EksaArinda Pramesty
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Hoc

Dental caries is a disease caused by Streptococcus mutans. The use of chlorhexidine to inhibit bacterial colonization has side effects such as tooth staining and can kill the normal flora when used long term. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a chemical compound in the form of polyphenols from green tea catechins which have antimicrobial potency to inhibit microorganism growth and biofilm formation. Type Laboratory Experimental Research In-vitro. The group that will be studied are the negative control group in the form of S.mutans + 5% sucrose, the treatment group in the form of S. mutans + 5% sucrose and EGCG concentration of 0.125mg/ml, 0.25mg/ml, 0.375mg/ml and a positive control group is S.mutans + 5% sucrose and 0.1% chlorhexidine. Data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to determine the normality of the data, Levene's test for homogeneity of data, One Way ANOVA Post Hoc Tukey HSD Multiple Comparison to determine differences between treatments. Results: There were significant differences between the treatment groups and the negative control at test results Post Hoc Tukey HSD and the significant differences in the concentration of EGCG 0.375mg/ml with the positive control given chlorhexidine 0.1% (p <0.05). Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) influence on the activity of S. mutans biofilm formation and EGCG concentration of 0.375mg/ml are more effective as an antibiofilm of S. mutans compared with chlorhexidine 0.1%.

scholarly journals Group V Phospholipase A2 Mediates Endothelial Dysfunction and Acute Lung Injury Caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1731
Author(s):  
Yu Maw Htwe ◽  
Huashan Wang ◽  
Patrick Belvitch ◽  
Lucille Meliton ◽  
Mounica Bandela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Group V ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Lung endothelial dysfunction is a key feature of acute lung injury (ALI) and clinical acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Previous studies have identified the lipid-generating enzyme, group V phospholipase A2 (gVPLA2), as a mediator of lung endothelial barrier disruption and inflammation. The current study aimed to determine the role of gVPLA2 in mediating lung endothelial responses to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, USA300 strain), a major cause of ALI/ARDS. In vitro studies assessed the effects of gVPLA2 inhibition on lung endothelial cell (EC) permeability after exposure to heat-killed (HK) MRSA. In vivo studies assessed the effects of intratracheal live or HK-MRSA on multiple indices of ALI in wild-type (WT) and gVPLA2-deficient (KO) mice. In vitro, HK-MRSA increased gVPLA2 expression and permeability in human lung EC. Inhibition of gVPLA2 with either the PLA2 inhibitor, LY311727, or with a specific monoclonal antibody, attenuated the barrier disruption caused by HK-MRSA. LY311727 also reduced HK-MRSA-induced permeability in mouse lung EC isolated from WT but not gVPLA2-KO mice. In vivo, live MRSA caused significantly less ALI in gVPLA2 KO mice compared to WT, findings confirmed by intravital microscopy assessment in HK-MRSA-treated mice. After targeted delivery of gVPLA2 plasmid to lung endothelium using ACE antibody-conjugated liposomes, MRSA-induced ALI was significantly increased in gVPLA2-KO mice, indicating that lung endothelial expression of gVPLA2 is critical in vivo. In summary, these results demonstrate an important role for gVPLA2 in mediating MRSA-induced lung EC permeability and ALI. Thus, gVPLA2 may represent a novel therapeutic target in ALI/ARDS caused by bacterial infection.

Ranitidine as an alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor in acute methanol toxicity in rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal A El-Bakary ◽  
Sahar A El-Dakrory ◽  
Sohayla M Attalla ◽  
Nawal A Hasanein ◽  
Hala A Malek
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Methanol Poisoning ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Methanol poisoning is a hazardous intoxication characterized by visual impairment and formic acidemia. The therapy for methanol poisoning is alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) inhibitors to prevent formate accumulation. Ranitidine has been considered to be an inhibitor of both gastric alcohol and hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes. This study aimed at testing ranitidine as an antidote for methanol acute toxicity and comparing it with ethanol and 4-methyl pyrazole (4-MP). This study was conducted on 48 Sprague-Dawley rats, divided into 6 groups, with 8 rats in each group (one negative control group [C1], two positive control groups [C2, C3] and three test groups [1, 2 and 3]). C2, C3 and all test groups were exposed to nitrous oxide by inhalation, then, C3 group was given methanol (3 g/kg orally). The three test groups 1, 2 and 3 were given ethanol (0.5 g/kg orally), 4-MP (15 mg/kg intraperitoneally) and ranitidine (30 mg/kg intraperitoneally), respectively, 4 hours after giving methanol. Rats were sacrificed and heparinized, cardiac blood samples were collected for blood pH and bicarbonate. Non-heparinized blood samples were collected for formate levels by high performance liquid chromatography. Eye balls were enucleated for histological examination of the retina. Ranitidine corrected metabolic acidosis (p = .025), decreased formate levels (p = .014) and improved the histological findings in the retina induced by acute methanol toxicity.

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