scholarly journals An unusual cause of lacunar infarcts: Lambl’s excrescences on aortic valve shown in detail by 3D transesophageal echocardiography

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuğçe Çöllüoğlu ◽  
Orhan Önalan
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Cycle ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Thromboembolic Events ◽  
3D Space ◽  
Adjacent Structures ◽  
3D Transesophageal Echocardiography ◽  
Geometric Assumption ◽  
Coronary Events ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Lambl’s excrescences (LE) are rare cardiac structures. They are associated with catastrophic thromboembolic and coronary events. Despite resulting in such important events, 2D echocardiographic imaging modalities may overlook LE owing to very thin cardiac structures. So, 3D echocardiographic imaging modalities may fully offer this cardiac mass and provide us to more accurately guess the complication rate related to LE due to the fact that 3D echocardiographic imaging techniques have higher spatial resolution and are not based on the geometric assumption. Indeed, another benefit of 3D echocardiographic imaging modalities in this population is that these imaging modalities clearly provide the relationship to adjacent structures of LE and its movement over a cardiac cycle in 3D space. In our case report, we aim to present the usefulness of 3D echocardiography as a modality to clearly offer all features of LE, furthermore to give valuable information about management in patients with thromboembolic events leading to LE.

scholarly journals Slithering CSF: Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics in the Stationary and Moving Viper Boa, Candoia aspera

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 672
Author(s):  
Bruce A. Young ◽  
Skye Greer ◽  
Michael Cramberg
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Cardiac Cycle ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Mean Amplitude ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Waves ◽  
Lower Amplitude ◽  
Lateral Undulation ◽  
Recovery From Anesthesia ◽  
The Relationship

In the viper boa (Candoia aspera), the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shows two stable overlapping patterns of pulsations: low-frequency (0.08 Hz) pulses with a mean amplitude of 4.1 mmHg that correspond to the ventilatory cycle, and higher-frequency (0.66 Hz) pulses with a mean amplitude of 1.2 mmHg that correspond to the cardiac cycle. Manual oscillations of anesthetized C. aspera induced propagating sinusoidal body waves. These waves resulted in a different pattern of CSF pulsations with frequencies corresponding to the displacement frequency of the body and with amplitudes greater than those of the cardiac or ventilatory cycles. After recovery from anesthesia, the snakes moved independently using lateral undulation and concertina locomotion. The episodes of lateral undulation produced similar influences on the CSF pressure as were observed during the manual oscillations, though the induced CSF pulsations were of lower amplitude during lateral undulation. No impact on the CSF was found while C. aspera was performing concertina locomotion. The relationship between the propagation of the body and the CSF pulsations suggests that the body movements produce an impulse on the spinal CSF.

scholarly journals The accuracy of diagnostic Imaging techniques in patients with a suspected Fracture-related Infection (IFI) trial: study protocol for a prospective multicenter cohort study.

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e027772 ◽  
Author(s):  
GAM Govaert ◽  
MGG Hobbelink ◽  
IHF Reininga ◽  
P Bosch ◽  
TC Kwee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Multicenter Cohort Study ◽  
Discriminative Ability ◽  
Imaging Strategy

IntroductionThe optimal diagnostic imaging strategy for fracture-related infection (FRI) remains to be established. In this prospective study, the three commonly used advanced imaging techniques for diagnosing FRI will be compared. Primary endpoints are (1) determining the overall diagnostic performances of white blood cell (WBC) scintigraphy, fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with suspected FRI and (2) establishing the most accurate imaging strategy for diagnosing FRI.Methods and analysisThis study is a non-randomised, partially blinded, prospective cohort study involving two level 1 trauma centres in The Netherlands. All adult patients who require advanced medical imaging for suspected FRI are eligible for inclusion. Patients will undergo all three investigational imaging procedures (WBC scintigraphy, FDG-PET and MRI) within a time frame of 14 days after inclusion. The reference standard will be the result of at least five intraoperative sampled microbiology cultures, or, in case of no surgery, the clinical presence or absence of infection at 1 year follow-up. Initially, the results of all three imaging modalities will be available to the treating team as per local protocol. At a later time point, all scans will be centrally reassessed by nuclear medicine physicians and radiologists who are blinded for the identity of the patients and their clinical outcome. The discriminative ability of the imaging modalities will be quantified by several measures of diagnostic accuracy.Ethics and disseminationApproval of the study by the Institutional Review Board has been obtained prior to the start of this study. The results of this trial will be disseminated by publication of peer-reviewed manuscripts, presentation in abstract form at scientific meetings and data sharing with other investigators through academically established means.Trial registration numberThe IFI trial is registered in the Netherlands Trial Register (NTR7490).

scholarly journals Recent advances in applications of multimodal ultrasound-guided photoacoustic imaging technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Wang ◽  
Yunfeng Zhao ◽  
Ye Xu
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Photoacoustic Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Power Doppler ◽  
Infrared Region ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Imaging Mode ◽  
Nonlinear Imaging ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is often performed simultaneously with ultrasound imaging and can provide functional and cellular information regarding the tissues in the anatomical markers of the imaging. This paper describes in detail the basic principles of photoacoustic/ultrasound (PA/US) imaging and its application in recent years. It includes near-infrared-region PA, photothermal, photodynamic, and multimode imaging techniques. Particular attention is given to the relationship between PAI and ultrasonic imaging; the latest high-frequency PA/US imaging of small animals, which involves not only B-mode, but also color Doppler mode, power Doppler mode, and nonlinear imaging mode; the ultrasonic model combined with PAI, including the formation of multimodal imaging; the preclinical imaging methods; and the most effective detection methods for clinical research for the future.

scholarly journals Diabetes, Obesity, and Inflammation: Impact on Clinical and Radiographic Features of Breast Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2757
Author(s):  
Braden Miller ◽  
Hunter Chalfant ◽  
Alexandra Thomas ◽  
Elizabeth Wellberg ◽  
Christina Henson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Screening Mammography ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Conventional Imaging ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Therapeutic Decision Making

Obesity, diabetes, and inflammation increase the risk of breast cancer, the most common malignancy in women. One of the mainstays of breast cancer treatment and improving outcomes is early detection through imaging-based screening. There may be a role for individualized imaging strategies for patients with certain co-morbidities. Herein, we review the literature regarding the accuracy of conventional imaging modalities in obese and diabetic women, the potential role of anti-inflammatory agents to improve detection, and the novel molecular imaging techniques that may have a role for breast cancer screening in these patients. We demonstrate that with conventional imaging modalities, increased sensitivity often comes with a loss of specificity, resulting in unnecessary biopsies and overtreatment. Obese women have body size limitations that impair image quality, and diabetes increases the risk for dense breast tis-sue. Increased density is known to obscure the diagnosis of cancer on routine screening mammography. Novel molecu-lar imaging agents with targets such as estrogen receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), pyrimi-dine analogues, and ligand-targeted receptor probes, among others, have potential to reduce false positive results. They can also improve detection rates with increased resolution and inform therapeutic decision making. These emerg-ing imaging techniques promise to improve breast cancer diagnosis in obese patients with diabetes who have dense breasts, but more work is needed to validate their clinical application.

scholarly journals Role of Imaging in Diagnosis and Management of COVID-19: A Multiorgan Multimodality Imaging Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinithra Varadarajan ◽  
Mahsima Shabani ◽  
Bharath Ambale Venkatesh ◽  
Joao A. C. Lima
Keyword(s):  
Multimodality Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Imaging Protocol ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Radiologic Findings

In this pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a vast proportion of healthcare resources, including imaging tools, have been dedicated to the management of affected patients; yet, the frequent reports of unknown presentations and complications of disease over time have been changing the usual standard of care and resource allocation in health centers. As of now, we have witnessed multisystemic symptoms requiring the collaboration of different clinical teams in COVID-19 patients' care. Compared to previous viral pandemics, imaging modalities are now playing an essential role in the diagnosis and management of patients. This widespread utility of imaging modalities calls for a deeper understanding of potential radiologic findings in this disease and identifying the most compatible imaging protocol with safety precautions. Although initially used for respiratory tract evaluation, imaging modalities have also been used for cardiovascular, neurologic, and gastrointestinal evaluation of patients with COVID-19. In this narrative review article, we provide multimodality and multisystemic review of imaging techniques and features that can aid in the diagnosis and management of COVID-19 patients.

Future Trends in Intravascular Imaging

2011 ◽  
pp. 350-354
Author(s):  
George D. Giannoglou ◽  
Yiannis S. Chatzizisis
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Vulnerable Plaque ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Intravascular Imaging ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Regional Characteristics ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Vulnerable Plaques ◽  
Coronary Events

Vulnerable plaques have certain histopathologic and regional characteristics. The advent of novel invasive and non-invasive imaging modalities aim to identify the histopathologic and regional characteristics of vulnerable plaque, thereby enabling the early diagnosis and potential application of treatments strategies to avert future acute coronary events.

Imaging Modalities

Chest Imaging ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Melissa L. Rosado-de-Christenson
Keyword(s):  
Chest Radiography ◽  
Pulmonary Thromboembolism ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Vascular Abnormalities ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Lateral Chest ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

The chapter titled imaging modalities describes various methods of imaging the thorax. Imaging of patients presenting with thoracic complaints typically begins with chest radiography. Ambulatory patients should undergo posteroanterior (PA) and lateral chest radiographs. Anteroposterior (AP) chest radiography should be reserved for debilitated, critically ill and traumatized patients. Special chest radiographic projections such as decubitus chest radiography may be employed for specific indications. Chest CT is the imaging study of choice for evaluating most abnormalities found on radiography. Contrast-enhanced chest CT is optimal for evaluation of vascular abnormalities, the hila and some mediastinal lesions. CT angiography is routinely employed in patients with suspected pulmonary thromboembolism or acute aortic syndromes. High-resolution chest CT is reserved for the evaluation of diffuse infiltrative lung disease and often includes expiratory and prone imaging. FDG PET/CT is increasingly employed in the assessment of patients with malignancy for the purposes of initial staging and post therapy re-staging of affected patients. Ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy is used in the assessment of pulmonary thromboembolism. Additional thoracic imaging techniques include: Fluoroscopy for evaluation of the diaphragm, and ultrasound for evaluation of the thyroid and the pleural space.

Identification of Orientation-Specific Damage Using Guided Waves and Diagnostic Imaging

2018 ◽  
Vol 883 ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Chao Zhou ◽  
Chun Liang Zhang ◽  
Xia Yue ◽  
Hou Yao Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Guided Waves ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Identification Accuracy ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Signal Features ◽  
Rail Structure ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Signal Correlation

Guided-waves-based diagnostic imaging techniques have been attracting much attention due to their merits including easily interpretable image, high identification accuracy and suitable for online surveillance. In this study, to envisage the difficulty in detecting orientation-specific damage (crack, notchetc.), a novel guided-waves-based diagnostic imaging technique capable of inspecting complicated engineering structures was developed, in terms of the relationship between damage parameters (location, orientation and severity) and extracted guided waves signal features (time-of-flight, signal correlation and signal energy). Experimental studies were performed to verify the developed diagnostic imaging approach, where a through-thickness crack was successfully identified in a metallic plate and a part of real rail structure respectively.

scholarly journals Comparison of Diagnostic Medical Sonography, Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in the Investigation of Renal Lesions

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Jessica T. Prince
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Renal Masses ◽  
Renal Lesions ◽  
Contrast Enhanced

This review explores the classification and evaluation of suspicious renal lesions across several radiologic imaging modalities. Diagnostic medical sonography (DMS), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) are the primary modalities used to investigate questionable lesions found within the kidneys. Renal masses may range from completely benign to malignant. They are classified based on many different features and characteristics. These lesions may be simple cystic, complex cystic, or solid in nature. Masses may also exhibit varying degrees of vascularity, septations, and calcifications. The discussed imaging modalities have varying strengths, limitations, and implications for use. Imaging techniques may be used independently or in conjunction to best diagnose and treat a patient with a suspicious renal mass. The aim of this review was to describe the diagnostic value of the imaging modalities (DMS, CT, MRI, and CEUS) and their role in the evaluation of suspicious renal lesions.

scholarly journals P1799 The importance of 3D imaging techniques in left atrial appendage closure: landing zone eccentricity influence on peri-device leak incidence and its implication in long-term clinical outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Italiano ◽  
A Maltagliati ◽  
V Mantegazza ◽  
A Gasperetti ◽  
L Fusini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Atrial ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Left Atrial Appendage ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Thromboembolic Events ◽  
Landing Zone ◽  
Device Implantation ◽  
Device Size

Abstract Background A complex left atrial appendage (LAA) morphology and a non-circular landing zone (LZ) are frequently encountered in patients undergoing percutaneous LAA occlusion (LAAO). Three-dimensional (3D) imaging modalities as 3D transoesophageal echocardiography (3D TOE) and cardiac computed tomography (CCT) should be preferred over two dimensional techniques for better evaluation of LAA diameters, especially for the LZ. In fact, non-circular shape could impair the choice of occluder device size and may be implicated in the occurrence of residual leaks. Incomplete LAA occlusion is recognized to be associated with thromboembolic events. Purpose The aim of the study was to evaluate the utility of 3D imaging techniques to predict LAA device size and the landing zone eccentricity index as a potential predictor of residual peri-device leaks and to assess their clinical implications on long-term follow-up. Methods It was a retrospective, single-center study including 137 consecutive patients undergoing successful LAAO from January 2010 to July 2018. Pre-procedural 3D TOE and CCT were used to predict device size based upon LZ diameters and quantify LAA orifice eccentricity. Leaks were defined as the presence of peri-device flow at 2D TOE immediately after the device implantation and at 3 months follow-up. Leaks were classified as significant (color jet width ≥4 mm) or minor (<3 mm). A clinical evaluation of thromboembolic events was performed at 48 ± 27 months from the procedure. Results LAAO closure was performed implanting either Amulet or Watchman devices (n = 98 and n = 40, respectively). The assessment of LZ measurements with 3D TOE and CCT showed a significant correlation with the device size selected on the basis of 2D techniques (r = 0.82 and r = 0.74, respectively). As concerns the peri-device leaks, the presence of an eccentric LZ (eccentricity index >0.20) was not associated to the development of post-procedural leaks in the overall population; a significant correlation was detected only in the subgroup of patients treated with the Amulet device (p = 0.045). Residual leaks included only 1 significant leak (0.7%) after Amulet device implantation, which was related to a major neurological event (stroke) and 47 (34%) minor leaks (n = 28 in the Amulet group, n = 19 in the Watchman group). In this last population, 2 patients (1.5%) developed minor neurological events (transient ischemic attack). Conclusions 3D TOE and CCT better predict device size overcoming the limit of 2D imaging techniques undersizing. In eccentric LAA, Watchman device may reduce the incidence of peri-device leaks. The presence of significant residual leaks is uncommon but associated with major clinical events, whilst minor leaks are relatively frequent but do not seem to be related to life-threatining thromboembolic accidents.

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