China’s Global Military-Security Interactions

2020 ◽  
pp. 181-208
Author(s):  
Phillip C. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
National Security ◽  
Chinese Foreign Policy ◽  
Security Cooperation ◽  
Military Security ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
The Military ◽  
Military Diplomacy ◽  
Security Organizations

China’s national security calculations have become increasingly global in nature. The expansion of Beijing’s international military-security footprint has paralleled its diplomatic, economic, and cultural ties. This includes a range of military and security cooperation programs with other countries, involvement in multilateral security organizations, and unilateral developments undertaken by China’s military, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA). This chapter reviews China’s overseas security interests and the military missions the PLA has been tasked to perform by CCP leaders. It then discusses the PLA’s organization and capabilities, with an emphasis on those relevant for operating beyond China’s borders. China’s military and security interactions include traditional military missions (mostly focused on Asia), military diplomacy efforts to support Chinese foreign policy objectives by engaging foreign military counterparts and providing public goods, and a new emphasis on protecting China’s expanding overseas economic and security interests.

Prescriptive Jurisdiction over Foreign Fishing in the EEZ

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-175
Author(s):  
Camille Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
United Nations ◽  
National Security ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Exclusive Jurisdiction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
State Practice ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
United Nations Convention

This Chapter explores how coastal States use their prescriptive jurisdiction to regulate foreign fishing in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and how this implements, varies, or develops the framework established in the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC). It demonstrates that the formula established in the LOSC for regulating access to the living resources of the EEZ—the obligation to establish whether there is a surplus, the criteria to be applied in allocating any surplus to foreign States, and the terms and conditions that might be imposed on foreign vessels involved in extracting it—bears little similarity to the contemporary regulation of foreign fishing by coastal States. While this formula was intended to ensure a balance between the exclusive jurisdiction of coastal States and the interests of the international community, in practice it has proved poorly adapted to this task, and very few coastal States follow the specific mechanisms set out in the LOSC. Instead, the detailed analysis of State practice in this Chapter shows how coastal States use the broad discretions in the LOSC to pursue a wide range of economic, social, political, national security and foreign policy objectives, and adopt regulations that broaden the substantive, geographic, personal and temporal application of their influence.

scholarly journals CONCEPT AND CONTENT OF MILITARY SECURITY OF UKRAINE IN THE LIGHT OF MODERN CHALLENGES AND THREATS

2018 ◽  
pp. 33-47
Author(s):  
Y. Lutsenko
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
The State ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Military Security ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
State Defense ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Military

The article provides a scientific analysis of the problems that exist in the sphere of national security of Ukraine. The problems in the sphere of state security of Ukraine are investigated, the concept and content of military security of Ukraine are considered in the light of modern challenges and threats. Attention is drawn to the fact that in the presence of military security, many tasks can be solved to ensure national security and create the necessary conditions for the stable development of political, economic, social, environmental, spiritual, intellectual, demographic fundamentals of society's life. The work emphasizes that military security can not be achieved only through the organization of state defense, and is a complex category, which is closely connected with many spheres of social relations and life of the state. It is noted that military security is the foundation of national security, the basis of the country's independence. In connection with this, the military security of Ukraine as one of the priority (basic) types of national security of the state can not be considered separately from the development of political, economic, social processes both on the European continent and around the world, and some features of the geopolitical situation In many cases, the directions and tasks of Ukraine's foreign policy are determined near its borders.

scholarly journals The role of intellectual property in security defense capacity of the state.

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-68
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Zaikivskyi ◽  
Oleksandr Onistrat
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
National Security ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The State ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
Military Security ◽  
The Military ◽  
State Modernization

Keywords: defense capability, intellectual property, regulatory support The conceptual issues of the legislation of Ukraine,which determine the state policy in the field of national security and defence, regardingthe settlement of issues related to ensuring the state defence capabilities are considered.The scientific publications on actual questions in this sphere concerningproblems and prospects of increase of defence capability of Ukraine are analysed.The role of intellectual property in all components of Ukraine's defence system hasbeen studied, and it has been noted that unresolved problems in the field of intellectualproperty management pose an increasing threat to Ukraine's national security.The importance of ensuring the protection of intellectual property in the process ofimplementing measures to improve the defence capabilities of the state and the needto improve legislation in this area is defined. Recommendations for improving the regulatory framework for national securityand defence in order to address the problematic issues of intellectual property in thisarea are submitted.State defence capability is the ability of state to defend itself in the event of armedaggression or armed conflict. It consists of material and immaterial elements and is aset of military, economic, social and moral and political potential in the field of defenceand appropriate conditions for its implementation.Resolving the issues of reforming not only the Armed Forces of Ukraine, but firstthe entire state, modernization and rearmament of the Ukrainian army has become avital necessity. Only the solution of this issue will allow to raise the defence capabilityof our state to the proper level for the preservation of independent Ukraine.Ensuring the military security of Ukraine largely depends on equipping the ArmedForces of Ukraine with modern types and models of weapons and military equipment,developed on the basis of intellectual property rights.It is the military-technical sphere where the objects of intellectual property rightsbelonging to the sphere of national security and defence are created, and the state isobliged to ensure their protection. This will increase the competitiveness of the domesticdefence industry and make claims impossible for anyone in the mass productionof weapons and military equipment for their own needs and for exports, which directlyaffects defence capabilities.And this requires proper protection of intellectual property rights both in theprocess of own production of weapons and military equipment, as well as in militarytechnicalcooperation.

scholarly journals To the Question on the Nature of Military Threats and Non-Military Responses

2015 ◽  
pp. 133-142
Author(s):  
S. R. Tsyrendorzhjyev
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Common Task ◽  
Military Security ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Military

The notion of "military danger, military threats, military and non-military measures to Parry, and other definitions from the policy of the State to ensure the military security of the now widely used in journalism, conceptual, other documents and research. The attentive reader it is not difficult to notice the ambiguity in the interpretation of these concepts. This makes it difficult to not only the perception of the relevant topics for ensuring military security publications, but also the development of the theory and practice of ensuring the defence and security of the State. The author's view on the essence of the reasoning logic of non-military measures to counter military threats, as the ultimate goal of the article is the following.First the task of analyzing the concept of "national security", "object of national security" and understand the functions of the State, society and the individual to ensure national security. Decomposition of an object of national security, which is "national property" (the content of the concepts described in the article) has made it possible to substantiate the basis for classification of national security threats and with better understanding of the nature, variety, Genesis. This provided a rationale for the role and the place of the tasks ensuring military security in the common task of ensuring national security, the correlation of military and non-military threats.The final phase of the research, the results of which are set out in the article is devoted to analysis of military threats, which made it possible to identify their main structural elements: source, media, military-political and strategic nature, install the main factors defining the content of these elements and their interaction. Based on these results, the proposed definition of the essence of non-military measures for counteracting of military threats, as well as guidelines for developing these measures.

scholarly journals Nepal’s military diplomacy: Retrospect and prospect

Unity Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 120-125
Author(s):  
Pragya Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
National Security ◽  
Regional Environment ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Civil Military Relations ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Military Relations ◽  
Military Diplomacy

Military diplomacy has been an important security and foreign policy tool for many centuries. However, in the age of globalization, its importance has grown more rapidly than ever because of the recognition that country’s survival and development also depend on a peaceful and stable national and regional environment. Some of the significant practices in the past reflect that various tools of military diplomacy could be implemented to strengthen country’s overall diplomacy, including bilateral and multi-lateral contacts of military and civilian defence officials of foreign countries; preparing bilateral/multilateral security and defence agreements; exchanging experience with foreign military and civilian defence officials; providing military assistance and support to other countries, such as aid, materials and equipment when there is need and request during the disaster or humanitarian crises. However, these tools of strengthening military diplomacy will not be as effective as expected if there is no effective civil-military relations and synergies between a country’s national security and foreign policy. Moreover, it will require strong expertise and good command of civilian diplomats on security issues and military diplomats on foreign policy issues. To strengthen its military diplomacy to contribute to Nepal’s overall diplomacy and foreign policy, it will require more military attaché in Nepal foreign diplomatic missions of vital security and development interest. Moreover, Nepal should continue building synergies between its national security, foreign and development policies as well as strengthening military diplomacy both at bilateral and regional levels.

El islam en Rusia: desafíos a la seguridad y respuestas estratégicas

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-61
Author(s):  
María José Pérez del Pozo
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
The State ◽  
Northern Caucasus ◽  
Shared Spaces ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Analysis Scheme ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
Syrian Conflict ◽  
The Military

Islam has been part of Russian history and culture since the 7th century, actively collaborating in the process of building the State, developing relationships with other social groups, with whom it has shared spaces, history, and assimilation policies. However, the Muslim community has played an asymmetrical in the State, occupying a peripheral position in political, military, and economic affairs, for long historical periods. Throughout the 1990s, religion became an element of nationalist vindication against federal power, fueled by the entry of a radical transnational Islam imported from the predominantly Sunni Middle Eastern countries. The two Chechen wars and the subsequent management of the area by Moscow have favored the application of a new analysis scheme based on ethnicity-security, which generalizes a negative interpretation of Islam in Russia. The division of Muslim religious institutions has not facilitated inter-ethnic dialogue or relations with the Kremlin. The study of Russian strategies to face the challenge of Islam has traditionally been oriented to the analysis of the security dimension, focusing on the military responses of the security organs of the Russian State, since the dysfunctionality of the political system and the absence of Policies based on respect for individual rights have prevented the appearance of other initiatives that consider inter-ethnic and interreligious coexistence in a state declared secular. However, we can also consider the study of Russian initiatives applying the approach of the study of the foreign policy of states to analyze the use of religious diversity in the achievement of certain foreign policy objectives. In this sense, the work addresses the role of military groups from the Caucasus, integrated into Russian federal forces, within the Syrian conflict. Finally, the programs related to the Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) in the Northern Caucasus, with their limitations, also show a certain change in the implementation and management of new methods to stop the regional insurgency.

ACTIVITIES OF THE MILITARY PROSECUTOR’S OFFICE IN THE CONDITIONS OF CHANGES IN LEGISLATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (32) ◽  
pp. 239-255
Author(s):  
Mukola Turkot
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
National Security ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The State ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Military Justice ◽  
Law Enforcement Agency ◽  
Military Security ◽  
Military Law ◽  
The Military

Тhe purpose of this article is to show the state of the functioning of law enforcement agencies in Ukraine, which are fighting against military crime. In addition, the algorithm for the activities of the military prosecutor’s office is shown after changes are made to the legislation. It was noted that the national security of Ukraine and its military security are protected by the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations. In these military formations serve soldiers, officers and generals. The tasks of each military formation are different. Introduction. The article defines the national security of Ukraine, the military security of Ukraine, and how security is created. The same is said about the subjects of ensuring the security of the state. The same is said about the subjects of ensuring the security of the state. It is separately noted that there is a bill on the State Bureau of Military Justice. This military law enforcement agency should implement the functions of pre-trial investigation against servicemen and others. The research methods are used taking into account the topic of the article, the problems that need to be addressed, and the conclusions to be drawn. Such methods were used: formal-logical, hermeneutical, comparative. Thanks to these methods, it was possible to compare the competence of military formations in Ukraine, to determine the necessary legal possibilities for the future law enforcement agency – the State Bureau of Military Justice. The conclusions contain the author’s statement that the time has come to create, in addition to the military prosecutor’s office, yet another law enforcement body whose competence extended to all military formations. This is due to the fact that in Ukraine at the moment there is no shadow of one military formation, whose competence extends to other military formations. The exception is the military prosecutor’s office.

Israel–South Korea Relations: The Military Dimension

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-192
Author(s):  
Alvite Singh Ningthoujam
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Arms Trade ◽  
Military Security ◽  
Arms Export ◽  
Security Relationship ◽  
Defense Cooperation ◽  
The Military

As Southeast Asia gains prominence in global geostrategic and geoeconomic environment, Israel’s overture to South Korea is not an exception. Despite prolonged frosty relations between Israel and South Korea between the 1970s and late 1980s, both have managed to strengthen military–security relationship after reopening their embassies in the early 1990s. Currently, their defense cooperation revolves around arms trade but is expanding toward joint ventures, coproduction, and upgrading programs. Arms export is an important component in promoting Israeli foreign policy goals. At the same time, South Korea requires constant defense upgrade as it faces a hostile neighborhood. Within this context, the article argues that military and defense relations are the driving forces in flourishing Israel–South Korea relations.

scholarly journals Social role of the military sphere of national security

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-401
Author(s):  
V. A. Ksenofontov
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Social System ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
The State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Military Security ◽  
The Military

The article deals with the socio-philosophical aspects of the functioning of the military sphere of national security of the Belarusian state. With the increase of military violence in the world, the task of preserving and developing the state becomes a priority. The military sphere of national security ensures the creation of safe conditions in the military space for the life and development of a person, community and the state itself and is a factor of stable development of the social system. Taking into consideration the historical development the stabilizing effect of the armed forces on the state and society has been described. With the training of the form of prospective war, the tasks of the military organization of the state, the core of which are the armed forces are clearly defined in our country. The positive influence of the armed forces on the development of society is shown. The basis for achieving security goals is military activity, which is a synthetic phenomenon and takes place in all spheres of community life. It is emphasized that the implementation of the military security subsystem task is the living conditions of the entire social system. External attention is drawn to the formulation of the goals of military policy as an essential factor in maintaining socio-political stability. The primary task of the military sphere of the national security of Belarus is to ensure comprehensive and encouraging efficiency at all levels of the social system. The article demonstrates the need to analyze the technologies of warfare, improve analytical and experimental support for the development of the military sphere, which can withstand the challenges and threaten the XXI century. It is concluded that the military sphere of national security and its armed forces is an important factor not only in the strategic deterrence of aggression, but also in the socio-economic development of the community, increasing its vitality and stability.

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