The Peasantry is Dead, Long Live the Peasantry!

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-29
Author(s):  
Sarah Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
National Agency ◽  
Rural Space ◽  
Economic Collapse ◽  
Trente Glorieuses

The trente glorieuses, “thirty glorious years” of rapid postwar modernization, transformed France into an efficient agricultural powerhouse between 1950 and 1980. Deep structural changes benefitted those able to become modern farmers and precipitated the economic collapse of small peasant farms. Poor, remote regions emptied as young people left for jobs and a higher standard of living in cities. The modernization of agriculture was part of a state-led program of targeted regional development and planning carried out under the auspices of the DATAR, France’s national agency for “territorial balancing.” Ultimately urban development, the decentralization of industry, and the building of a modern infrastructure for communication, transportation, and energy production took precedence over the needs of agriculture. New demands placed on rural space for residential use, tourism and recreation, and protected natural sites created a multiuse landscape. Not only were farmers no longer peasants, the countryside was no longer just farmland.

scholarly journals Rural-Spatial Restructuring Promoted by Land-Use Transitions: A Case Study of Zhulin Town in Central China

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Dong Han ◽  
Jiajun Qiao ◽  
Qiankun Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Central China ◽  
Rural Space ◽  
Spatial Restructuring ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
The Impact

Rural-spatial restructuring involves the spatial mapping of the current rural development process. The transformation of land-use morphologies, directly or indirectly, affects the practice of rural restructuring. Analyzing this process in terms of the dominant morphology and recessive morphology is helpful for better grasping the overall picture of rural-spatial restructuring. Accordingly, this paper took Zhulin Town in Central China as a case study area. We propose a method for studying rural-spatial restructuring based on changes in the dominant and recessive morphologies of land use. This process was realized by analyzing the distribution and functional suitability of ecological-production-living (EPL) spaces based on land-use types, data on land-use changes obtained over a 30-year observation period, and in-depth research. We found that examining rural-spatial restructuring by matching the distribution of EPL spaces with their functional suitability can help to avoid the misjudgment of the restructuring mode caused by the consideration of the distribution and structural changes in quantity, facilitating greater understanding of the process of rural-spatial restructuring. Although the distribution and quantitative structure of Zhulin’s EPL spaces have changed to differing degrees, ecological- and agricultural-production spaces still predominate, and their functional suitability has gradually increased. The spatial distribution and functional suitability of Zhulin are generally well matched, with 62.5% of the matched types being high-quality growth, and the positive effect of Zhulin’s spatial restructuring over the past 30 years has been significant. We found that combining changes in EPL spatial area and quantity as well as changes in functional suitability is helpful in better understanding the impact of the national macro-policy shift regarding rural development. Sustaining the positive spatial restructuring of rural space requires the timely adjustment of local actors in accordance with the needs of macroeconomic and social development, and a good rural-governance model is essential.

scholarly journals Social Sensing of the Imbalance of Urban and Regional Development in China Through the Population Migration Network around Spring Festival

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruoxin Zhu ◽  
Diao Lin ◽  
Yujing Wang ◽  
Michael Jendryke ◽  
Rui Xin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Pagerank Algorithm ◽  
Rich Club ◽  
Importance Index ◽  
Spring Festival ◽  
Spatiotemporal Behavior ◽  
Urban And Regional Development ◽  
Reform And Opening Up

Regional development differences are a universal problem in the economic development process of countries around the world. In recent decades, China has experienced rapid urban development since the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy. However, development differs across regions, triggering the migration of laborers from underdeveloped areas to developed areas. The interaction between regional development differences and Spring Festival has formed the world’s largest cyclical migration phenomenon, Spring Festival travel. Studying the migration pattern from public spatiotemporal behavior can contribute to understanding the differences in regional development. This paper proposes a geospatial network analytical framework to quantitatively characterize the imbalance of urban/regional development based on Spring Festival travel from the perspectives of complex network science and geospatial science. Firstly, the urban development difference is explored based on the intercity population flow difference ratio, PageRank algorithm, and attractiveness index. Secondly, the community detection method and rich-club coefficient are applied to further observe the spatial interactions between cities. Finally, the regional importance index and attractiveness index are used to reveal the regional development imbalance. The methods and findings can be used for urban planning, poverty alleviation, and population studies.

Milano, Expo 2015: problemi irrisolti e potenzialitŕ di sviluppo

TERRITORIO ◽  
2012 ◽  
pp. 153-161
Author(s):  
Valeria Erba ◽  
Stefano Di Vita
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Local Institutions ◽  
Global Crisis ◽  
Development Models ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Urban And Regional Development

The global crisis is highlighting the limitations of the relationships, not to be taken for granted, between major events and urban and regional development. The difficulties so far encountered in these relationships in Milan in the run up to the 2015 Expo are quite significant. Analyses of the progress of the projects and the acquisition of opinions from leading protagonists of local institutions provide an update on the strengths and weaknesses of this major Milan event, drawn for previous editions of the Forum. At the same time they identify some of the potential for the renewal of traditional urban development models in major events, seen in terms of their regional metropolitan dimension.

scholarly journals Financial and Non-Financial Aspects of Entrepreneurship - the Polish Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-119
Author(s):  
Karolina PalimĄka
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
The Other ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Entrepreneurial Attitudes ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Positive Motivation ◽  
Starting A Business ◽  
New View

Abstract The phenomenon of entrepreneurship has various perspectives – economic, financial, social, and psychological. The aim of this paper is to present entrepreneurship from a perspective merging both financial and non-financial aspects of this phenomenon. The article presents two (complementary) aspects related to the phenomenon of entrepreneurship. One of the aspects described by author is the availability of financing for businesses in Poland (showing the issue in response to the most important obstacle to running a business), the other is shaping entrepreneurial attitudes. The section on sources of financing give an answer to the question of whether (and if so - to what extent) the problem of access to financing is a real barrier to starting a business in Poland. Presenting the perspective of students gives a new view on the subject and enables us to recognize factors that determine the decision to start a business among young people, knowledge of which may contribute to a change in attitudes towards setting up a business in Poland. Among the conclusions, the author mentions, inter alia, the need to strengthen entrepreneurial attitudes among students, especially due to the growing number of companies operating in Poland for reasons of positive motivation (such as improvement of the standard of living or independence). Moreover, the conducted analyses lead to the conclusion that new companies are financed primarily from their own resources, which discourages many from starting their own business.

Mass popular movement “Hirak” in Algeria - a new “Arab Spring”?

2021 ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Nailia Z. Fakhrutdinova
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Collective Consciousness ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Protest Movement ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
The Awakening ◽  
Mass Protest

Serious changes are taking place in socio-political life of Algeria. The mass protest movement "Hirak", which began in 2019, after the country's president announced his decision to run for a fifth term, continues to these days. Despite his resignation, a prompt change of political leadership and elections to a new parliament, hundreds of thousands of demonstrators in all cities of Algeria insist on further democratization and genuine modernization of socio-political and socio-economic structures, taking into account the interests and needs of young people. Indeed, more than half of the population of Algeria is under 30 years old, and unemployment among them reaches 24%. A distinctive tendency of the protest movement was the active participation of young people, which, according to the new leadership of the country, is the true real wealth of the state. Analysts note the awakening of collective consciousness in Algeria. Hirak's ability to make quick decisions during a pandemic shows that demonstrations are an instrument of extremely broad public momentum. Certain positive shifts towards changes have taken place - the president, who has been in power for 20 years, has resigned. However, the political situation can hardly be called stable. Including the majority of popular revolutionary protest actions in African countries ended with an immediate deepening of conservatism, the strengthening of traditionalism and the surge of radical Islamism. Probably, only in a fairly long-term perspective we can expect a real modernized stabilization of the socio-political situation, without which progressive economic development and its derivatives: an increase in the standard of living of the population and a decrease in unemployment are unrealizable.

Regional Development Disparities in Romanian Agriculture and Rural Development

2016 ◽  
pp. 68-98
Author(s):  
Gabriel Popescu ◽  
Simona Bara
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Regional Disparities ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
Rural Space ◽  
Territorial Disparities ◽  
Multi Criteria Analysis ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Eu

Initially, the Romanian development regions created in 1998 had as a main objective the insurance, from the statistic point of view a relatively territorial equilibrated development; they where set up in accordance with the level NUTS-II from the EU. According to the Romanian legislation on force, the regions do not have an administrative status and they do not have legal personality. The analysis of the rural space highlights significant regional disparities, phenomena that have influence to the spending of the EU funds and their degree of absorption. This chapter proposes a method for multi-criteria analysis in order to identify the agricultural and rural territorial disparities and to establish the regional disparities in implementing the National Plan of Rural Development (NPRD) during 2007-2013. The NPRD was put under multi-criteria analysis: the main 13 measures implemented by Romania during 2007-2013 periods.

Global Production Networks and (Distributional) Regional Development: The Cinnamon Industry in Karandeniya and Matale, Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-237
Author(s):  
Eunyeong Song ◽  
Douglas R. Gress ◽  
Edo Andriesse
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Production Network ◽  
Production Networks ◽  
Global Production Networks ◽  
Exporting Firms ◽  
Global Production Network ◽  
Developmental Dynamics

The purpose of this article is to examine the multi-spatial and developmental dynamics of the cinnamon industry in Sri Lanka, the largest exporter in the world by value added. This contribution compares Karandeniya, a major traditional cultivating hub, and Matale, a region new to cinnamon cultivation, deploying a Global Production Network (GPN) framework inclusive of regional development considerations. Analyses, based on input from 23 semi-structured, in-depth interviews, examine the potential for all stakeholders to acquire equity or ‘how’ captured value influences the region ‘and’ individual actors over the course of development. Fieldwork reveals four upstream actors in the cinnamon industry, namely—farmers, peelers, collectors and exporting firms. Results indicate that the cinnamon boom led to strategic decoupling with the exporting firms in Colombo and subsequent strategic recoupling with other actors. The primary contribution of the research rests in the interpretation of resulting structural changes in each region from a bifurcated view of regional development. Based on regional economic growth, Karandeniya appears to be more successful. However, considering the extent of value distribution within the region, Matale is on a more inclusive trajectory vis-à-vis cinnamon exports. Based on these results, three implications for GPN theory and related development policy are suggested.

scholarly journals Modern tendencies in socioeconomic transformation of the rural territories of Ukraine

2013 ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
M. Baranovsky
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Peripheral Country ◽  
Rural Space ◽  
Socioeconomic Transformation ◽  
Hierarchical Levels ◽  
Space Polarization

The modern peculiarities of the transformational processes in the development of Ukraine’s agrarian sphere are analyzed, their reasons and consequences are defined; the polarization processes of agricultural production and population on different hierarchical levels, in suburban, semiperipheral, and peripheral country districts, are examined; the approaches to definition and the typical features of the problem rural areas are described; the regularity of increase in rural space polarization in terms of regional development cyclicity and staging is proved. Key words: rural territories, transformational processes, polarization of rural space.

scholarly journals FACTORS OF STUDENT MIGRATION: ON THE EXAMPLE OF VLADIVOSTOK

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-213
Author(s):  
Tatiana A. KRUPA
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Student Migration ◽  
The Social ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
The City

Introduction. The article deals with the main trends of youth migration in Vladivostok. In the social space of Vladivostok, we can note the trend of increasing the volume of migration of young people to the city, expanding the geography of students who came to study. In the city there are educational institutions where you can get the specialty necessary for the modern labor market and in search of a prestigious job to migrate to the central regions of the country, or to emigrate abroad. Vladivostok is not only a point of attraction for young people, but also a transit point for moving to other cities and states. The relevance of the research is explained by the existing problem of under-accounting of factors of student migration in modern science. The object of study was the student youth studying in Vladivostok. The subject is factors of student migration in the social space of Vladivostok.Methods. The stated problem was studied by analyzing the pilot study in student groups. The aim of the work is to study the migration intentions of students. The study is based on the idea of the standard of living in the region / country as the dominant factor of youth mobility.Results. Factors of student migration were analyzed in five aspects: identification of factors of satisfaction with the standard of living in the Russian Federation; intentions to leave the country abroad; intentions to migrate within the country – from peripheral regions to central; factors of satisfaction with the standard of living in Primorsky Krai; factors of attractiveness of Vladivostok for young people.Conclusions. Almost half of the young people surveyed would like to leave Primorye and go to the central regions of the country or abroad. 

scholarly journals Prospects for the Development of Russian Cities in the Context of the Education-Related Migrationof Young People

REGIONOLOGY ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 742-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albina A. Beschasnaya ◽  
Nadezhda N. Pokrovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Psychological Climate ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Cultural Effects ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Urban Settlements

Introduction. Modern urbanization is characterized by uneven development of territories as well as by differentiation of cities in terms of population growth or decline rates. An important role in this belongs to young people who move to other cities in order to ensure the best possible self-fulfillment and comfortable living. The relevance of the study is determined by the emergence of the potential of polarization development of cities and adjacent territories, which forms the effect of socio-economic destabilization in the regions as a whole. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the prospects for the development of cities that are not included in the category of “megalopolis” in the context of the academic mobility of young people. Materials and Methods. The analysis of the data of the 2002 and 2010 All-Russia Population Censuses and of the 2014 and 2017 micro-censuses of the population, as well as a survey of first-year students enrolled in institutions of higher education in St. Petersburg in 2017 became the empirical basis of the study. Results. The study has demonstrated the centripetal migration attitudes of young people, which increases the risks of negative prognoses for the development prospects of the cities they leave. The problematic and attractive aspects of the cities where many students are living have been revealed, as well as the potential and directions of urban development, and the attitude of young people to the changes and their own participation in them. The areas of non-economic measures for the development of urban settlements have been identified, which make it possible to form a positive socio-psychological climate and image. Discussion and Conclusion. The data obtained make it possible to conclude that the trend of the unbalanced development of Russian cities still remains. Factors of life in a megalopolis, attractive to resettlement and modeling of young people’s life plans, are determined by the activity of the population and the city authorities in such areas as economy, culture, social sphere, centripetal movement of resource flows, and the production of innovations that have economic and socio-cultural effects. The practical significance of the research results is lies in the identification of problem areas in the functioning of cities and the determination of areas of urban development for the formation of aspects of urban life attractive for young people.

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