The Imperative for Community-Driven Approaches and Radical Inclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-128
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
Wisdom Traditions ◽  
Grassroots Level

This chapter argues that what well-being means must be articulated at the grassroots level, rather than imposed by experts or governments. People in communities already have the answers to what well-being means to them. It is embedded in the wisdom traditions and the lived experiences, aspirations, hopes, and values of people all over the world. Instead of assuming that leaders will bring the well-being agenda to communities, leaders should instead look at what is happening already and build on what communities are already doing. Additionally, a benefit of engaging communities, people, and organizations as true partners in the work of defining well-being is that this engagement is a starting point for fostering grassroots demand for the implementation of a shared well-being agenda. At the same time, it is critical to practice radical inclusion and ensure that people from communities that are often—and have historically been—excluded from meaningful input and decision-making are engaged and contribute to an understanding of what well-being means. In addition to indigenous communities and racial or ethnic groups, this may include those who are living in poverty, experiencing homelessness, incarcerated, and struggling with substance abuse.

scholarly journals Heuristics, biases and traps in managerial decision making

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 2117-2122
Author(s):  
Peter Gál ◽  
Miloš Mrva ◽  
Matej Meško
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Managerial Decision ◽  
Initial Information ◽  
Representativeness Heuristic ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the paper is to demonstrate the impact of heuristics, biases and psychological traps on the decision making. Heuristics are unconscious routines people use to cope with the complexity inherent in most decision situations. They serve as mental shortcuts that help people to simplify and structure the information encountered in the world. These heuristics could be quite useful in some situations, while in others they can lead to severe and systematic errors, based on significant deviations from the fundamental principles of statistics, probability and sound judgment. This paper focuses on illustrating the existence of the anchoring, availability, and representativeness heuristics, originally described by Tversky & Kahneman in the early 1970’s. The anchoring heuristic is a tendency to focus on the initial information, estimate or perception (even random or irrelevant number) as a starting point. People tend to give disproportionate weight to the initial information they receive. The availability heuristic explains why highly imaginable or vivid information have a disproportionate effect on people’s decisions. The representativeness heuristic causes that people rely on highly specific scenarios, ignore base rates, draw conclusions based on small samples and neglect scope. Mentioned phenomena are illustrated and supported by evidence based on the statistical analysis of the results of a questionnaire.

scholarly journals The Pandemic, the Arctic and Me: A Levels of Analysis Discussion of Arctic Security Focusing on the 2020 Global Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soazic Dacal
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
Arctic Security ◽  
Local Parameters

The Covid-19 pandemic hit the world during the winter 2020. Still on-going, it impacts everyone’s everyday life on a great scale. While the pandemic is considered as a global challenge, it has particular effects in the Arctic due to local parameters, such as remoteness, need of communication, other health challenges, presence of indigenous communities, etc. Using the author’s personal experience as a starting point, this paper aims to provide a broad and objective analysis in order to identify and discuss major stakes of the pandemic as well as the opportunities it provides.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Pandemic: The Lived Experiences of Older Adults in Aged Care Homes

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-317
Author(s):  
Shi Yin Chee
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Aged Care ◽  
Care Homes ◽  
World Health ◽  
Phenomenological Method ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused untold fear and suffering for older adults across the world. According to the World Health Organization, older adults in aged care homes are at a higher risk of the infection living in an enclosed environment with others. This article adopts a qualitative approach using Colaizzi’s phenomenological method to explore the lived experiences of older adults during COVID-19. Between December 2019 and June 2020, 10 in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants aged 60 years and above in two aged care homes. The lived tension that has penetrated all participants’ stories in five themes of the meanings described as ‘disconnected in a shrinking world’ filled with uncertainties. COVID-19 has brought unprecedented challenges and disproportionate threat onto older adults’ lives, relationships and well-being. The overarching message was that older adults believe that ‘this too shall pass’ and regain their freedom that was lost during the pandemic.

Learning Biology With Situated Learning in Mexican Zapoteca Tele-Secondary Schools

2018 ◽  
pp. 814-837
Author(s):  
Paulina Guerrero-Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Education ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Situated Learning ◽  
Science Curriculum ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Secondary Science ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
The World ◽  
Science Classes

Biology and Environmental education are increasingly important disciplines to be taught in rural settings, where indigenous communities frequently hold ownership of invaluable natural resources. However, the Mexican science curriculum does not cater for the specific educational needs of the country's numerous ethnic groups. Situated learning is a pedagogical alternative that affords the possibility of integrating the pupils' culture and ways of interpreting the world within the curricular aims. Nevertheless, there are no reports of its usage in indigenous schools. This paper analyses two 90-minute classes as examples of how situated learning can be used to introduce the concepts of biodiversity and ecosystems in indigenous Zapoteca tele-secondary science classes. The results suggest that using situated learning for these topics helped students understand the concepts, see the importance of what they were learning, and motivated them to learn further.

Conflating Temporal Advancement and Epistemic Advancement: The Progression Bias in Judgment and Decision Making

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 1563-1579
Author(s):  
Haotian Zhou ◽  
Xilin Li ◽  
Jessica Sim
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Time Span ◽  
The World

When seeking out the truth about a certain aspect of the world, people frequently conduct several inquiries successively over a time span. Later inquiries usually improve upon earlier ones; thus, it is typically rational to expect the finding of a later inquiry to be closer to the truth than that of an earlier one. However, when no meaningful differences exist between earlier and later inquiries, later findings should not be considered epistemically superior. However, in these cases, people continue to regard findings from later inquiries as closer to the truth than earlier ones. In 10 experiments, when later inquiries conflicted with—but did not epistemically improve upon—earlier ones, participants’ global judgments about the truth aligned more with later findings than earlier ones, an effect referred to as progression bias. The liability to progression bias may have severe ramifications for the well-being of the society and its members.

scholarly journals Old Facts, New Beginnings: Thinking with Arendt about Algorithmic Decision-Making

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Lisa Herzog
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
Joint Decisions ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
New Beginnings

Abstract More and more decisions in our societies are made by algorithms. What are such decisions like, and how do they compare to human decision-making? I contrast central features of algorithmic decision-making with three key elements—plurality, natality, and judgment—of Hannah Arendt's political thought. In “Arendtian practices,” human beings come together as equals, exchange arguments, and make joint decisions, sometimes bringing something new into the world. With algorithmic decision-making taking over more and more areas of life, opportunities for “Arendtian practices” are under threat. Moreover, there is the danger that algorithms are tasked with decisions for which they are ill-suited. Analyzing the contrast with Arendt's thinking can be a starting point for delineating realms in which algorithmic decision-making should or should not be welcomed.

scholarly journals MO618BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION ON PHYSICAL REHABILITATION IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING DIALYSIS IN THE LAST 24 YEARS

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Salazar ◽  
Maryorie Sandoval ◽  
Paula Moscoso ◽  
Cristian Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Renal Dialysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scientific Production ◽  
World Population ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject

Abstract Background and Aims Patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) exposed to renal replacement therapy (RRT) have many consequences, both physical and psychological. Dialysis patient rehabilitation is a way to improve the well-being and quality of life of users, but it is an area that has not been commonly explored and where there is much to know. The participation of the Physiotherapist in the rehabilitation of these patients has increased mainly in the last period. The present study aims to carry out an analysis of how the scientific field has behaved in relation to rehabilitation in patients undergoing dialysis, exploring the existing bases for new studies and knowing how it has varied between the years 1996 to 2020. Method The present study is a bibliometric analysis. Through this type of study, it is possible to analyze the scientific production and how is the activity on some subject. It allows, among others, the development of research topics that are little studied, in addition to evaluating the countries, institutions and authors in a certain period. A search for scientific articles was carried out using the web of science (WOS) page, obtaining 236 articles. The search key was TS = (“rehabilitation”) AND TS = (physical exercise or haemodialysis or renal dialysis or peritoneal dialysis) AND TS = (hemodialysis) NOT TS = (fistula). In the same WOS platform, a filter was carried out where only articles, reviews and conference articles were included, excluding editorial material, book chapters and early accesses, articles that are in the range of years between 1990 and 1995 were also excluded. These years were chosen because it was observed that from 1996 an increase in the trend on the subject under study can be observed. With this filtration the articles decrease to 191 results. The Scimat and Bibliometrix biblioshiny softwares were used for their analysis. Results A total of 191 records were compiled among which we have been able to identify different bibliometric indicators that allow us to know the scientific performance and how it has behaved over the years. Figure 1 shows a descriptive graph obtained from biblioshiny bibliometrix where it was shown the annual scientific production of the documents, with dates that fluctuate between 1996 and 2020. It is observed that the scientific production on this issue of rehabilitation in dialysis patients through the years has been developing exponentially since 1996. However, there are years in which production decreased significantly. It was also found the authors who have published the most, the journals and their categorizations, and the network of collaborations that exist between authors from different countries, being the United States the pioneer country in scientific production. Finally, emerging studies on the subject were found. Conclusion In this study we have addressed different points to show and publicize the issue of rehabilitation in dialysis patients, with its greatest contributors in recent years. We can say that many studies are still missing to be able to have a solid base in the rehabilitation of these patients, who are increasing more every day in the world population. Although, we have compiled a significant number of studies, it is probably not all of them, studies that complement the information are needed with other search engines. This study can serve as a starting point for future research, which is necessary in the field of dialysis, although the production rate has increased over the years it is still quite low, it is important that new authors appear who can work among them to advance and thus obtain knowledge that allows us to help and benefit patients around the world. In addition, we have considered it very important to mention and suggest so that Latin American countries can become more interested in this topic, since they are part of the countries that produce the least, however, their population on dialysis increases progressively over the years.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of Forming the Mindset Under Social Stigmatisation Conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Fleitlikh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual

The relevance of the study of personal self-determination is evident in a changing society, as societal crises determine personal crises. Scientific publications demonstrate a tendency to increasingly operate such a construct as ‘mindset’, the essence of which is reduced to a view of reality based on the subjective experience of the individual. Researchers describe a process of active transformation of this construct under the influence of ideas of self-awareness. In this sense, mindset becomes one of main determinants of personal identity. The research question that became the starting point of the study concerns the role of the subjectively perceived environment in the experience of human psychological well-being. Correlation, variance and multiple regression analyses as well as mathematical statistics methods were used to process the data. As a result of the study, the assumption that there are statistically significant links between the level of stigmatisation assigned and quality of life in the world-image structure of transgender people was confirmed. The sources and forms of social support that emerged as leading for the study sample determine high levels of self-stig matisation. The more deeply stigmatising attitudes permeate the personality structure and are appropriated by the individual, the lower the transgender person’s assessment of their psychological well-being. People with different levels of self-stigmatisation experience only two criteria for psychological well-being differently, rather than all of its components. Stigmatisation impairs a transgender person’s social adjustment and leads to a decreased quality of life, linked, in our view, to the basic assumptions regarding security upon which the individual relies to shape the world.

scholarly journals Gender Inequality and Land Rights: The Situation of Indigenous Women in Cameroon

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Esther Effundem Njieassam
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Indigenous Women ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
The World ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Essential Resource ◽  
Gender Based

Land is an essential resource that serves as a means of subsistence for millions of people in the world and indigenous communities and women in particular. Most indigenous societies' survival is closely tied to land. In Cameroon, indigenous women are the backbone of food production in their communities. That makes access to land important, as it is a significant source of wealth and power for indigenous peoples in general and indigenous women in particular. While women all over the world encounter gender-based discrimination in relation to the control and ownership of land, indigenous women face triple discrimination on the basis of their gender (as women), their ethnicity (as indigenous peoples) and their economic class (economically poor). They are often dehumanised, degraded and subjected to treatment as second-class human beings despite the existence of national legislation that discourages such practices. This paper interrogates the possibility of including indigenous women in government and decision-making processes in Cameroon in the hope that they may be involved in key decision-making processes that affect them, thereby reducing their economic and social vulnerability. It concludes with some thoughtful recommendations on policy reform aimed at ensuring access to land for indigenous women as well as socio-economic justice in its broadest sense.    

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Students Decision Making In Accommodation Process of University

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S9) ◽  
pp. 842-847
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
University Students ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Well Being ◽  
T Test ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The World ◽  
Accommodation Process

The hostels accommodation assumes a critical job in the hotel business all through the world and even in a few areas in Malaysia. Be that as it may, in numerous spots in Malaysian hostels have yet to be presented. They can possibly offer spending lodging accommodation, yet inns and motels remain the most prevalent types of cabin. A center gathering was utilized to pick up understanding into students' impression of hostels and helped in the advancement of a composed study. It was sent to a haphazardly chosen test of 215 university students. There was a reaction rate of 8% (n=401). Respondents thought about hostels and were ready to remain in them. Therefore, a factor investigation was led on 31 attributes of hostels that may be imperative to hostel clients and it was confirmed that these things could be decreased to three factors: Safety and Amenities (α=.92), Area and Socializing (α=.91), and Accommodations (α=.60).In fact, well-being and Amenities had the most elevated mean scores for individual things in the factor while Accommodations had the least. The various straight relapse was utilized to decide whether the three factors would foresee university students ‘plan to remain in a hostel. The relapse demonstrate was huge (p≤.000) and every one of the three factors were noteworthy. The model had a R Square of .31. A t-test was utilized to decide whether guys and females contrasted in goal to remain in a hostel, Protection issue, Room Sharing, Security, Cleanliness Issue and Freedom. However, females had higher mean scores for Room Sharing than guys. This examination demonstrated that undergrads would remain in a hostel. The hostel proprietors/administrators what's more, hostel associations can utilize this data to more readily showcase their hostel and it will help them to figure out which luxuries they should need to meet client requests. Research ought to be led with a bigger and all the more geologically various example to decide whether the results can be summed up past university students. Nonetheless, research with genuine hostel clients will help to decide qualities they believe are essential and to contrast results and this examination.

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