Early Historic Phase

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
M. R. Raghava Varier
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Philosophical Thinking ◽  
Rational Thinking ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Indian Tradition ◽  
Rational Explanation ◽  
Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa

An enquiry into the Indian tradition of healing and healthcare has to be traced back to the proto-historic Harappan culture. The main source for understanding the socio-economic and cultural developments in the Vedic society is the corpus of Ègvedic hymns. More details about medicine, treatment, and physicians are available in the Aithareya Brāhmaņa and the Śatapatha Brāhmaņa. The Vedic art of healing can be understood as belonging to two distinctive ages. This art of healing consisted medicine supplemented by magical rites with incantations of hymns. The specialization of the bhiṣaks, physicians, in the Vedic medical lore presupposes some amount of systematic organization of the knowledge of the science of medicine accumulated over a long period. Medicinal knowledge of the bhiṣaks was supported and supplemented by auxiliary knowledge of human anatomy, probably from experience in sacrificial rituals. There was a trend of objective and rational explanation of diseases and their healing in the existing texts that was further supported by the heterodox philosophical thinking of the Jains and the Buddhists. This element of rational thinking was instrumental in bringing about a radical change, a paradigm shift, in the indigenous knowledge of the science of Āyureveda.

VII. Reason as a Mystagogue: Plutarch's View of God

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 145-166
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Philosophical Thinking ◽  
Rational Thinking ◽  
Decisive Influence ◽  
The Right ◽  
Correct Understanding ◽  
Insight Into

It is not only Alexander alone who has the right to be proud because he rules over many men, but no less right to be proud have they who have true notions concerning the gods. This quotation from a letter of Aristotle to Antipater (fr. 664 Rose) repeatedly occurs in the Plutarchan corpus. Plutarch clearly agreed. He regarded rational thinking about the gods as a human's most divine possession and as the most decisive influence on their happiness (De Is. et Os. 378C–D), and, as we have already seen, he adopted the Platonic phrase of ὁμοίωσις θεῷ (κατὰ τὸ δυνατόν) (‘assimilation to God [as far as possible]’) as the final end of life (see above, Chapter II, §1). In several ways, then, God is, as it were, the keystone that lends bearing power to the whole vault of Plutarch's philosophical thinking. A correct understanding of his thought therefore presupposes a deeper insight into his conception of God.

Understanding FinTech and Decentralized Finance (DeFi) for Financial Inclusion

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Andrei Dragos Popescu
Keyword(s):  
Social Problem ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Underserved Population ◽  
Finance Industry ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Financial Exclusion ◽  
Cycle Of Poverty ◽  
Financial Technology

For a very long period of time, financial inclusion researchers have been addressing the barriers that prevent unprivileged people from accessing and using financial services. Financial exclusion is an underlying social problem that dates from the creation of the first financial system. Without the access to the banking and financial infrastructures, the unbanked are perpetuating a vicious cycle of poverty. Blockchain is leading this transformation of allowing unbanked and underbanked people to have access and interact with the finance industry. The promise of a digital economy is starting to take shape, as financial technology (FinTech) companies are evolving the concept of democratization of access. Decentralized finance (DeFi) is expanding the possibilities of financial technology by creating an ecosystem based on transparency, accessibility, and efficiency. We are witnessing a paradigm shift for most of the financial services which are remodeling the accessibility and usability of these services, addressing the excluded and underserved population.

scholarly journals Representación social de un movimiento estudiantil a través de dos visiones, el Estado y la comunidad: el caso de la formación de la Colonia Rubén Jaramillo en 1973

2011 ◽  
pp. 144-159
Author(s):  
Dr. Oscar Daniel Moreno Arizmendi
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Student Movements ◽  
Student Groups ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Urban Workers ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
The University

El análisis de los movimientos estudiantiles permitió, por mucho tiempo, entender la vida escolar de las universidades. Los primeros estudios que se llevaron a cabo dentro del sistema de educación superior fueron a través de la documentación de los movimientos estudiantiles que se gestaron en su interior. Sin embargo, en un momento determinado estos movimientos estudiantiles salieron de los pasillos universitarios y se insertaron en la sociedad. La finalidad fue concreta: lograr un cambio radical dentro del sistema político mexicano. Así pues, cualquier movimiento social era aprovechado por dichos grupos estudiantiles y fueron tomados como propios para aplicar su ideología del cambio desde abajo. Tal es el caso de un movimiento estudiantil que durante tres meses, que van de marzo a junio, se dedicaron a apoyar y a gestar la organización social de un grupo de paracaidistas que, con la esperanza de poseer un pedazo de tierra donde instalarse, retaron a todas las fuerzas del gobierno durante 1973: fue la experiencia de la formación de la Colonia Rubén Jaramillo en el municipio de Temixco en el estado de Morelos. Presentamos aquí el tipo de representaciones que hubo en dicho movimiento. Cómo fueron vistos los jóvenes estudiantes por parte de campesinos y trabajadores obreros y como aquéllos participaron, de manera libre y democrática, en la fundación de la misma.AbstractDuring a long period of time, the analysis of student movements allowed to understand the academic life of universities. The first studies that took place in the universities were focussed on documenting and reasoning the student movements that rose within. However, at a certain moment these student movements came out of the university and were inserted inside society. The purpose was concrete: to achieve a radical change in the Mexican political system. Thus, any social movement was used by the above mentioned student groups and was taken to implement its own ideology of change from the bottom up. Such it is the case of a student movement that for three months -from March to June- devoted themselves to support and to prepare the social organization of a group of “paratroopers” that, with hoping to possess a piece of land where to establish themselves, challenged all the forces of the government during 1973. It was the experience of the formation of the suburb Rubén Jaramillo in Temixco in the state of Morelos. This work exposes the type of representation that arose in the above mentioned movement how young students were seen by rural and urban workers and how the students took part freely and democratically in the foundation of this suburb. Recibido: 7 de septiembre de 2010 Aceptado: 11 de noviembre de 2010

Indian Forest Rights Legislation: Significance of Recognizing the Legal Pluralism for Indigenous Peoples Rights

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-88
Author(s):  
Deva Prasad M ◽  
Suchithra Menon C
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Legal Pluralism ◽  
Forest Governance ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Legal Mechanism ◽  
Legal Centralism

Abstract Indigenous people’s traditional customary claim over the forest land was not accepted by the formal legal mechanism in India for a long period of time. The underlying rationale for the claim is livelihood, religious, and cultural reasons. The indigenous people’s claims remained as informal norm, which were not accepted by the formal state legal system in India. Discriminating legal centralism was existing in the area of forest governance and policy till the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act was enacted in 2006. The Forest Rights Act, 2006 has brought a paradigm shift in the entire approach of law towards the indigenous people and acknowledged the rights of the indigenous people. This article makes an attempt to understand the significance of recognition of legal pluralistic norms through legislation.

scholarly journals Inclusive Curriculum in Nepal's Context

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-102
Author(s):  
Lal-Shyãkarelu Rapacha
Keyword(s):  
Education Policy ◽  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Higher Education Policy ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Interdisciplinary Studies ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Inclusive Curriculum ◽  
Inclusive Policy ◽  
Programme Content

Inclusive curriculum in contemporary Nepal’s technical and higher education policy, programme, content and system is a dire need for making our education innovative technically and more competitive globally since our policy, programme, content and system till date have remained monolithic - thus feudalistic in structure as well as nature and in content mainly dominated by western colonial principle rather than by our own national indigenous knowledge. Nepal within her (its) national boundary, has a rich vein of indigenous knowledge (i.e. tangible and intangible cultural heritage including languages, cultures, archaeology, belief systems, ethnobotany, ethnomedicine etc) and skills (most of them are endangered and extinct now) just waiting to be tapped by the inclusive policy of government and private educational sector in the country. Therefore, the main purpose of this article is to explore new paradigm shift in our education policy, programme, content and system by making our curriculum much more inclusive in the process of knowledge-building and sustainability through an indigenous perspective with some empirical but selective and limited knowledge inventories. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ctbijis.v1i1.10472 Crossing the Border: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies Vol.1(1) 2013; 85-102

Instructional Design and Technology Implications for Indigenous Knowledge

2007 ◽  
pp. 105-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanjira Kinuthia
Keyword(s):  
Instructional Design ◽  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Knowledge Structures ◽  
Design And Technology ◽  
Instructional Design And Technology ◽  
Knowledge Perspective ◽  
Instructional Integration ◽  
The Relationship

It is fairly accurate to assume that societies are facing a paradigm shift from industrial to information society, and a transition from information to knowledge society. This shift has impacted the nature of the relationship between society, knowledge and technology. It is also valid to assume that knowledge is a resource. This chapter discusses instructional design and technology from Africa’s indigenous knowledge perspective. It is not the intent necessarily to dichotomize indigenous and non-indigenous knowledge structures. Rather, the objective is to rationalize the place of indigenous knowledge by addressing the context of usage, challenges and dilemmas, and provide a rationale and suggestions for instructional integration.

scholarly journals Disruption as worldview change: A Kuhnian analysis of the digital music revolution

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Riemer ◽  
Robert B Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Scientific Practice ◽  
Music Industry ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Disruptive Innovation ◽  
Digital Music ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Gestalt Switch

Why is it that technology-enabled industry disruptions appear entirely inevitable with hindsight, yet practitioners in disrupted businesses typically struggle to detect and respond appropriately to disruption while it is unfolding? We term this surprising contradiction ‘interpretive discontinuity’ and use it to problematize the established understanding of disruption in the literature. We suggest that the contradiction at the heart of interpretive discontinuity holds an important key to what exactly changes during disruption and why. By juxtaposing an empirical case of disruption in the music industry with theoretical resources sensitive to the nature of radical change – Thomas Kuhn’s work in the unrelated field of scientific practice – we demonstrate that it is productive to understand disruption as a Kuhnian paradigm shift. We are then able to trace interpretive discontinuity to the gestalt switch in worldview that accompanies such a paradigm shift. This insight sheds new light on both what is actually ‘disruptive’ about disruption and also on the limitations of prior work theorizing disruption. Our work is important because it adds to the literature on disruptive innovation important yet overlooked conceptual tools in Kuhn’s work – the role of exemplars, the worldview aspect of a paradigm, and paradigm incommensurability.

From an Aristotelian Ordo Essendi to Relation: Shifting Paradigms in the Study of Religions in the Light of the Sociology of Knowledge

Numen ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Oliver Krüger
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Sociology Of Knowledge ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
German Language ◽  
Thomas Kuhn ◽  
Reciprocal Relationships ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The Past ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
The 1960S

Abstract The article raises the question of how the multiplication of topics, turns, and perspectives in the currents of the study of religions can be explained. After the concept of a paradigm shift (Thomas Kuhn) is introduced, the study examines the epistemological consequences of the question What is religion? It is based on analyzing the practice of defining “religion” in German-language encyclopedias of the past three centuries. Surprisingly, the structure of these articles is largely persistent throughout this long period and consists mainly of etymology, definition (Wesensbestimmung), and a typology of “religion.” From this, an Aristotelian paradigm can be deduced. The claim for universality entailed in this paradigm ultimately led to a crisis and since the 1960s the study of religions has developed alternative approaches that emphasize aspects of human interaction, communication, and reciprocal relationships. I propose to subsume these new perspectives under the term “a relational paradigm.” Examples and consequences for this paradigm are offered in the conclusion.

scholarly journals Tending Immanence, Transcending Sectarianism: Plane of Mixed Castes and Religions

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-374
Author(s):  
Roshni Babu
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Classical Period ◽  
Amartya Sen ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Philosophical Thinking ◽  
Philosophical Literature ◽  
Work Identity ◽  
Ideological Position ◽  
Indian Tradition

The attempt in this article is to extrapolate the notion of hybridity latent in B. R. Ambedkar’s reflections on mixed castes, and outcastes, which subsequently leads to the causal link that he then derives gesticulating to social evils, namely, the origin of untouchability. Whether this embryonic notion of hybridity present in Ambedkar’s work is amenable to the extrapolation of Dalit identity thought along the lines of Gilles Deleuze’s notion of “immanent mixtures” is a thread that this study pursues. This certainly has broad implications for the prevalent notions of Dalit identity. This study ventures to read Ambedkar’s work, Riddles in Hinduism (1987) alongside Deleuze, probing into the intuitive link between notions of hybridity and the plane of immanence. Ideological distancing from predetermined categories of identity considered to be reductive in nature by the intellectuals of Indian philosophical thinking view such predetermined notions as facile conceptions that run short of representative qualities of complex and varied particularities of reasoned engagement with one’s resources. Amartya Sen heralded this ideological position in his work titled, The Argumentative Indian (2006), in favor of heterodoxy and reasoned choice determining priorities between different identities. Lacunae regarding identification of resources prominent in Sen’s work is pointed out by Jonardon Ganeri, who hails from the cluster of contemporary Sanskritists competent in philological and theoretical exegesis of “sastric” philosophical literature from the classical period of India. This study is a close reading of Jonardon Ganeri’s concept of ‘resources within’ which he develops in his work, Identity as Reasoned Choice (2012) to examine the potentiality of this concept to advance a theoretical framework that could counter a sectarian view of Indian tradition, as it is professed at the outset of his work. Sectarianism, which Ganeri opposes, identifies mysticism to be its chief trait which he shows to be selectively usurping only those resources grounded in Vedantic wisdom from India’s past.

On nearly-commensurable periods in the restricted problem of three bodies, with calculations of the long-period variations in the interior 2:1 case

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 197-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Message
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Solution ◽  
Periodic Solutions ◽  
Large Amplitude ◽  
Restricted Problem ◽  
Small Amplitude ◽  
Minor Planets ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Numerical Integrations ◽  
Period Variations ◽  
The Mean

An analytical discussion of that case of motion in the restricted problem, in which the mean motions of the infinitesimal, and smaller-massed, bodies about the larger one are nearly in the ratio of two small integers displays the existence of a series of periodic solutions which, for commensurabilities of the typep+ 1:p, includes solutions of Poincaré'sdeuxième sortewhen the commensurability is very close, and of thepremière sortewhen it is less close. A linear treatment of the long-period variations of the elements, valid for motions in which the elements remain close to a particular periodic solution of this type, shows the continuity of near-commensurable motion with other motion, and some of the properties of long-period librations of small amplitude.To extend the investigation to other types of motion near commensurability, numerical integrations of the equations for the long-period variations of the elements were carried out for the 2:1 interior case (of which the planet 108 “Hecuba” is an example) to survey those motions in which the eccentricity takes values less than 0·1. An investigation of the effect of the large amplitude perturbations near commensurability on a distribution of minor planets, which is originally uniform over mean motion, shows a “draining off” effect from the vicinity of exact commensurability of a magnitude large enough to account for the observed gap in the distribution at the 2:1 commensurability.

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