Observations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Astor ◽  
Rami Benbenishty
Keyword(s):  
School Violence ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
School Buses ◽  
Monitoring Tools ◽  
Observation Process ◽  
Solution Studies ◽  
Athletic Fields ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Structured Approach ◽  
Source Of Information

Observations occur in school every day but are often not planned, systematic, or recorded for the purpose of improving school climate. Observations, however, can be a valuable source of information about what students are experiencing in school and where those experiences are taking place, especially when used in combination with other monitoring tools (see Box 10.1 for tips on conducting observations). For instance, mapping (which will be described in the next section) and focus groups may point out a troubling “hot spot” on the school campus where fights or other problems among students are taking place. Observations of that location can help school leaders understand what is happening in order to plan a solution. Studies and anecdotal reports have shown that bullying, school violence, or incidents involving drugs are more likely to occur in the common areas of the school campus or in the hidden- away spots that might not get a lot of traffic. Here is a list of areas that may be the subject of an observation when trying to collect information on where problems might take place: . . . Common areas, such as cafeterias, hallways. and courtyards Playgrounds, the gym (if it’s open to students outside of PE), athletic fields, or stadiums Routes to and from school School buses Nearby parks. . . Just because students leave campus doesn’t mean that adults should no longer be concerned with their behavior. Conflicts that take place in areas off campus often lead to violence, victimization, or other incidents at school. The observation process should be thought of as a continuum. At one end are unstructured observations in which the observer is looking to take away a general sense of the activity in that area. This less- structured approach provides opportunities to see behaviors that perhaps were not expected— both good and bad. At the other end of the spectrum are very structured observation schedules that employ detailed procedures and checklists. More structured observations conducted by multiple observers can lead to more agreement on what actually was observed. These are especially useful if the observation is focusing on a particular topic.

scholarly journals BULLYING E SUAS DIMENSÕES PSICOLÓGICAS EM ADOLESCENTES

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Luciene R.P. Tognetta ◽  
José Mª Avilés Martínez ◽  
Pedro Rosário
Keyword(s):  
School Violence ◽  
Moral Education ◽  
Social Problem ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Moral Point ◽  
The Subject

Abstract.Understanding the psychological mechanisms acting in shares of specific violence, such as bullying, constitutes an important step in the educational interventions that promote moral education objectified by educational institutions. In this sense, the current research aimed to relate bullying to representations of self and the ways in which the subject is self regulating to choose justifications for their commitments or moral disengagements in situations where bullying is present. The results indicate that subjects whose self-representations are individualistic also present more morally disengaged and more likely to be perpetrators in bullying situations, showing how little their identities incorporate moral values. It thus appears that more than a social problem, the issues of coexistence should be treated under the moral point of view.Keywords: bullying; self-representations; school violence; ethics; moral disengagements.Resumo.Compreender os mecanismos psicológicos atuantes em ações de violência específica, como o bullying, constitui-se um importante passo para as intervenções educacionais que promovam a formação moral objetivada pelas instituições de cunho educativo. Nesse sentido, a investigação atual teve como objetivos relacionar o bullying às representações de si e às formas pelas quais os sujeitos se autorregulam para escolher justificativas para seus engajamentos ou desengajamentos morais em situações em que o bullying esteja presente. Os resultados indicam que sujeitos cujas representações de si são individualistas também se apresentam mais desengajados moralmente e mais propensos a serem autores em situações de bullying, denotando o quanto suas identidades pouco incorporam valores morais. Constata-se assim que mais do que um problema social, as questões de convivência devem ser tratadas sob o ponto de vista moral.Palavras-chave: bullying; representações de si; violência na escola; ética; desengajamentos morais.

scholarly journals “The naturalized son of Belarus”: The Mystery of Dr. Dittmann

2021 ◽  
pp. 233-253
Author(s):  
Igor I. Barinov
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
The Political ◽  
German Language ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Strong State ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Long Time ◽  
German Origin ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Source Of Information

The article examines the biography of Valentin Dittmann, a lawyer and politician of Baltic-German origin, who became a counselor of the Diplomatic Mission of the Belarusian People’s Republic (BNR) in Berlin. The German-language brochure “Weissruthenien” was published with Dittmann’s active involvement and was considered as the main source of information about this region in Germany for a long time. In a broader context, through the prism of Dittmann’s life and activities, the transformation of the system of ideas and motivations of former Imperial elites after the 1917 revolution became the subject of research. The desire to preserve and improve their social status during the political instability has significantly expanded the boundaries of imaginary. In particular, the elite representatives previously loyal to the throne could drastically change their views on the very idea of a “strong state”. From now on their position ranged from federalism to cooperation with those who were previously considered as “separatists”. On the example of Dittmann, we can follow the peculiar experience of the “homo impericus”, who strove to combine the elitist consciousness inherited from his ancestors with national democratic political views and local (Belo) russian patriotism.

Who Were the Poor? The Recipients of Relief

2018 ◽  
pp. 167-186
Author(s):  
John McCallum
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Fixed Model ◽  
Local Patterns ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relief System ◽  
Source Of Information

This chapter analyses the poor themselves. Although recent literature has made valuable attempts to study the poor in their own right rather than simply through the prism of relief (and therefore elites), welfare records remain the richest source of information on the poor, especially in an area such as Scotland where very little previous work has been undertaken. Therefore the chapter opens up the subject of who received relief and why, shedding light not just on the internal dynamics of this most neglected group within Scottish society, but also on the agenda and priorities of the relief system itself. The chapter draws attention to variations in the demographics of relief recipients, and argues that there was no fixed model or ‘type’ of recipient, and that kirk sessions were responding to local patterns of need. The chapter also emphasises the complexity and range of (overlapping) reasons why early modern Scots might find themselves in need of welfare.

Using Internet

2017 ◽  
pp. 294-313
Author(s):  
S. Fatemeh Mostafavi Shirazi
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Market Share ◽  
Word Of Mouth ◽  
Social Network Sites ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Tourism Destination ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Source Of Information

This chapter presents the subject area of the Internet as an international form of media and examines related issues. It begins by considering the Internet as a source of information in various forms of social network sites that enables any individual to post their experiences, opinions and evaluations of tourism destination. This provides a summary of the existing state of knowledge concerning to social network sites and word of mouth (WMO) recommendation. In addition, it serves to clarify the associated word of mouth and market share development.

A Novel Strategy for Managing User’s Locations in PCS Networks Based on a Novel Hot Spots Topology

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed I. Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spot ◽  
Location Management ◽  
Network Location ◽  
Signaling Cost ◽  
Pcs Networks ◽  
Communications Services ◽  
Network Communications ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Ubiquitous Network

As PCS networks aim to provide “anytime-anywhere” cellular services, they enable Mobile Terminals (MTs) to communicate regardless of their locations. However, in order to guarantee a successful service delivery, MTs’ real time location should be continuously managed by the network. Location management plays the central role in providing ubiquitous network communications services, which includes two fundamental processes, i.e., registration and paging. Registration is concerned with the reporting of the current locations of the MTs, while paging is used to locate the MT. Both processes incur signaling cost, and due to the scarcity of PCS wireless bandwidth and for more scalable mobile services, it is important to reduce that signaling cost. As The blanket paging in current PCS networks wastes a lot of wireless bandwidth, the author focuses on the subject of paging in attempt to reduce the paging signaling cost under delay bounds. This paper challenges the signaling cost problem and successfully establishes a family of probability based paging strategies. The author will introduce a novel topology for the network registration area, which is called the hot spot topology (HST) and based on HST, a novel location management strategy, which is called “Flower Based Strategy” (FBS) is also introduced.

Occupational and Climatic Rates of Mortality

1931 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 329-411
Author(s):  
I. A. M‘Taggart ◽  
T. G. Stobie
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Investigation ◽  
New Method ◽  
Comprehensive System ◽  
List Type ◽  
Inaugural Address ◽  
The Past ◽  
Full Study ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Climatic Risks ◽  
Source Of Information

SynopsisIn his inaugural address the President, dealing with the subject of research in connection with climatic and occupational rates of mortality, suggested that the Faculty might consider the advisability of the question being remitted to a committee to consider and report. In consequence a Sub-Committee was appointed by the Faculty Mortality Committee on 21st November 1930 to consider the subject of extra premiums for occupational and climatic risks generally. The time therefore seems appropriate for the submission to the Faculty for discussion of a paper on this subject.The paper falls naturally into two sections. Section I contains a summary of the work which has been done in the past, chiefly in this country and America : it is hoped that it will form a convenient source of information on the subject, and further, that it will be of use inasmuch as any new method should rest on the basis of a full study of what has been done in the past. It may be mentioned that no attempt has been made to criticise or in any way to indicate the value or otherwise of the studies summarised. Endeavour has been made to include all the more recent studies which have a bearing on the subject under discussion, but it is of course difficult to avoid overlooking some which should have been included.In Section II consideration is given to the methods used in the past, particularly to those employed in connection with the Joint Occupation Study. This leads to the formulation of an object for the proposed statistical investigation, and attention is then given to the problems of attaining this object with particular reference to the needs and practice of assurance companies in this country. A brief description is given of how the proposed investigation might be undertaken, and the following subjects are dealt with :—(a) the hazardous groups to be investigated;(b) the methods of recording the data ;(c) the methods of collecting the data.The relation of the proposed investigation to the Continuous Mortality Investigation now proceeding and to any medico-actuarial investigation which, may be contemplated is discussed ; the suggestion is made that a comprehensive system of collecting the data should be instituted and that the information necessary for a standard, an occupational and climatic, and a medico-actuarial mortality investigation should be embodied on one uniform mortality card.

The Epidemiology of Adult ADHD

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (S12) ◽  
pp. 6-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Source Of Information

Until recently, little was known about the epidemiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults. Bottom-up studies following children with ADHD into adolescence had shown variable rates of persistence, some of which depended on the definitions used. The traditional diagnosis was complicated by the introduction of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, which stated that ADHD could be diagnosed with inattentive symptoms alone. This resulted in diagnostic inconsistency as earlier investigations demanded the presence of hyperactivity while others did not. Diagnosis also depended on the site, the cohort, whether interviews versus rating scales were employed, and whether the subject or their parent were the source of information.

scholarly journals Resolving the Issue of Artefact Deposition at Star Carr

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 23-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Taylor ◽  
Ben Elliott ◽  
Chantal Conneller ◽  
Nicky Milner ◽  
Alex Bayliss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Environmental Context ◽  
Refuse Dump ◽  
Peat Deposits ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Iconic Status ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Intense Debate

Since its publication in 1954 Star Carr has held an iconic status in British Mesolithic archaeology. The original excavations at the site recorded a large assemblage of bone and antler tools from a sequence of peat deposits at the edge of the Lake Flixton. Over 60 years later this remains the largest assemblage of bone and antler artefacts of its date in Britain and has been an invaluable source of information for life in the early Mesolithic. However, the interpretation of this material has been the subject of intense debate, and the assemblage has been variously described as the remains of an in situ settlement, a refuse dump, and the result of culturally prescribed acts of deposition. Fundamentally, these very different ideas of the nature of the site depend on differing interpretations of the environmental context into which the majority of the organic artefacts were deposited. This paper presents the results of recent work at Star Carr that helps to resolve the debate surrounding both the context of the assemblage and the motivations that lay behind its deposition.

Erasmus, Jean Le Clerc, and the Principle of the Harder Reading

1978 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry H. Bentley
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Tradition ◽  
Classical Scholarship ◽  
Basic Source ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
History Of Scholarship ◽  
Synthetic Studies ◽  
Source Of Information

Scholars of history have finally set to work on the history of scholarship. It is strange to report that they have neglected the history of their own intellectual tradition, but it is so. J. E. Sandys’ three-volume History of Classical Scholarship has of course long been available to serve as the basic source of information on the subject. But Sandys’ work presents chiefly a chronological overview of names, dates, titles, and anecdotes bearing on classical scholars and their work. What has been lacking is a survey of the development of scholarly thought and methods, based on an analysis of the principles employed by past scholars in their work. Synthetic studies are now available which suggest the broad outlines along which scholarship developed.

Aristotle's Use of Medicine as Model of Method in his Ethics

1957 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Jaeger
Keyword(s):  
Historical Consciousness ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Political Art ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time ◽  
Source Of Information

Philosophy, in general, moves in a sphere of abstraction, and its statements claim to be necessary and of universal validity. The reader therefore expects them to appeal directly to his reason, and he does not normally reflect much on the time and historical conditions that determined what the philosopher took for granted. It is only in this age of historical consciousness that we have come to appreciate these factors more readily, and the great thinkers of the past appear to us more or less closely related to the culture of their age. The writings of Plato and Aristotle in particular are for us an inexhaustible source of information about Greek society and civilisation. This is true also in regard to the relation of Greek philosophy to the science of its time, and this is of special importance for our understanding. That relation can be traced throughout Aristotle's logical, physical, and metaphysical works; but the influence of other sciences and arts is no less evident in his ethics. In this paper I propose to examine the numerous references to medicine that occur in the Nicomachean Ethics. They are mostly concerned with the question of the best method of treating this subject. The problem of the right method is always of the utmost importance for Aristotle. The discussion of it begins on the first page of the Ethics, where he tries to give a definition of the subject of this course of lectures and attributes it to a philosophical discipline that he calls ‘politics’. He does so in agreement with the Platonic tradition. We can trace it back to one of the dialogues of Plato's first period, the Gorgias, in which the Platonic Socrates for the first time pronounces his postulate of a new kind of philosophy, the object of which ought to be the care of the human soul (φυχῆς θεραπεία). He assigns this supreme task to ‘political art’, even though it does not fulfil this function at present.

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