How We Got into Harmonic Tonality, and How to Get Out

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Megan Kaes Long
Keyword(s):  
Phrase Structure ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pluralistic Approach

Since Alexandre Choron and François-Joseph Fétis coined the term tonalité, the nature and history of the Western “common practice” tonal style has vexed music theorists and historians. This chapter argues for a pluralistic approach to studying tonality’s history, and advocates a model that centers rhythm, meter, phrase structure, and form rather than pitch content. Refocusing our attention on parameters that regulate pitch content, rather than pitch content itself, can help us to separate the emergence of tonality in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries from incremental changes in background scale commonly described as modes and keys. Instead, we might consider how regulatory parameters create expectation: strategicallydeployed dominant arrivals prepare and predict eventual tonic returns.

scholarly journals REFLEKSI PARADIGMA ILMU-ILMU SOSIAL

HUMANIKA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Sindung Tjahyadi
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Objective Theory ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pluralistic Approach ◽  
Main Thing ◽  
Theoretical Paradigms ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Theory Of Social Action

This article discusses about a paradigm shift in the social sciences based on "the history of science" perspective. The key question is how the recent development of the discourse about the paradigms of the social sciences. The paradigmatic and methodological development forward directed through a post-empirical approach to the exclusion of desire unification cause or structure as the objective theory of social action, and develop a multi-theoretical paradigms on the basis of variations in the structure that can be applied to the various regions and types of action. Furthermore, elaborated further needed is to develop methodological pluralism and theoretical unification in the social sciences are expected to confirm the two sides of the comprehensive-pluralistic approach in the philosophy of social sciences. The main thing about the legitimacy of the methodology underlying the study is to examine the criteria on what should have knowledge of it. Finally, that the dimensions of "ontological" social science should be "liberated" from the illusion of objectivism

scholarly journals The Representation of Religion in Religion Education: Notes from the South African Periphery

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulkader Tayob
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Educational Practice ◽  
The South ◽  
Policy Document ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Representation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pluralistic Approach ◽  
Religion In Public Life

Scholars of Religion Education (RE) have promoted a non-confessional approach to the teaching of religions that explores and examines the religious history of humankind, with due attention paid to its complexity and plurality. In this promotion, the public representation of religion and its impact on RE has not received sufficient attention. An often hegemonic representation of religion constitutes an important part of religion in public life. Moreover, this article argues that this representation is a phenomenon shared by secular, secularizing, and deeply religious societies. It shows that a Western understanding of secularization has guided dominant RE visions and practices, informed by a particular mode of representation. As an illustration of how education in and representation of religion merges in RE, the article analyses the South African policy document for religion education. While the policy promotes RE as an educational practice, it also makes room for a representation of religion. This article urges that various forms of the representation of religion should be more carefully examined in other contexts, particularly by those who want to promote a non-confessional and pluralistic approach to RE.

scholarly journals Formal Functions of Metric Dissonance in Rock Music

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Biamonte
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Rock Music ◽  
Phrase Structure ◽  
Comparative Analyses ◽  
Metric Dissonance ◽  
Corpus Studies ◽  
History Of

This article explores the interactions of metric dissonance with phrase structure and form in rock music, offers categorization schemes for common formal functions of metric dissonance, and presents several corpus studies of metric dissonance in the works of single artists and bands as well as in a cross-section of rock songs. These data allow for comparative analyses of the metric profile of a given artist or band, suggest genre correlations with particular metric patterns, and demonstrate a trend of increasing metric dissonance throughout the history of rock.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
pp. 2-17
Author(s):  
Risto Uro
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Collaboration ◽  
Early Christianity ◽  
Ritual Studies ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Ritual Theory ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pluralistic Approach ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter offers a guide to the reader for understanding the nature of ritual studies as an emerging interdisciplinary field, with particular emphasis on its relevance to the study of the history of early Christianity. Three characteristics are singled out. Ritual studies is distinguished by: (1) a pluralistic approach to the definition of ‘ritual’; (2) an increased interest in theory; and (3) the application of interdisciplinary perspectives on ritual. The chapter also responds to the criticism that has been raised against using the concept of ritual and ritual theory in the study of past rituals and argues that ritual theory enriches historical and textual analysis of early Christian materials in a number of ways. Ritual theory contributes to drawing a more complete picture of early Christian history and offers a corrective to a biased understanding of early Christianity as a system of beliefs and practices. Finally, examples from the present Handbook are taken to demonstrate how the ritual perspective creates a platform for interdisciplinary collaboration and integrative approaches which both stimulate new questions and enrich old ones.

Efforts towards Establishing a New State-conceptualized History in Russia

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-145
Author(s):  
Gyula Szvák
Keyword(s):  
Social Climate ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Deep Conviction ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
Pluralistic Approach ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

It would be too early to try and summarize the way in which the issue of Russia’s “state historical and remembrance policy” has evolved or foresee its possible outcomes, as the standard uniform set of schoolbooks has not yet been approved. The media-voting competitions presented in this essay, however, clearly demonstrate the national social climate and its trends, which would have to be moulded into some form of an “all-Russian socium” by such a new approach to history. As contemporaries we might curiously await the next rounds of the “identity battle,” but as historians we must give voice to scepticism in regards to hopes of any form of quick success. Yet most of all, we have to stand by the deep conviction that only a pluralistic approach to history based on free research and the freedom to present freely conceived alternatives can help in the crystallization of a realistic national self-image. P.S.: For the first time in the history of Russia a statue has been erected for Ivan IV (the Terrible, the Fearsome) in the city of Oryol on 15 October 2016. The countdown has begun.

Philosophy for Girls

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Political Philosophy ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Philosophical Inquiry ◽  
Women's Voices ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pluralistic Approach ◽  
Women Philosophers

Written by twenty expert women in philosophy and representing a diverse and pluralistic approach to philosophy as a discipline, this book engages girls and women ages sixteen to twenty-four, as well as university and high school educators and students who want a change from standard anthologies that include few or no women. The book is divided into four sections that correspond to major fields in philosophy—metaphysics, epistemology, social and political philosophy, and ethics—but the chapters within those sections provide fresh ways of understanding those fields.Every chapter begins with a lively anecdote about a girl or woman in literature, myth, history, science, or art. Chapters are dominated by women’s voices, with nearly all primary and secondary sources used coming from women in the history of philosophy and a diverse set of contemporary women philosophers. All chapters offer the authors’ distinct philosophical perspectives written in their own voices and styles, representing diverse training, backgrounds, and interests. The introduction and prologue explicitly invite the book’s readers to engage in philosophical conversation and reflection, thus setting the stage for continued contemplation and dialogue beyond the book itself. The result is a rigorous yet accessible entry point into serious philosophical contemplation designed to embolden and strengthen its readers’ own senses of philosophical inquiry and competence. The book’s readers will feel confident in knowing that expert women affirm an equitable and just intellectual landscape for all and thus have lovingly collaborated to write this book.

The rate of phrase structure change in the history of Yiddish

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Santorini
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Phrase Structure ◽  
Structure Change ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACTThe postion of inflected verbs in early Yiddish varies between second position and positions later in the clause. Standard distributional tests establish that this reflects variation in the underlying position of infl, and that Yiddish phrase structure changed from infl-final to infl-medial. Based on clauses containing the relevant structural diagnostics, we can estimate the rate of this change. We cannot, however, determine the phrase structure of structurally ambiguous clauses (i.e., those superficially consistent with either of the phrase structures) with certainty. Nevertheless, we can use quantitative methods to estimate the likelihood of such clauses being infl-medial, and we can then use these likelihoods to provide an additional estimate of the rate of the change. Comparing both estimates reveals that they do not differ significantly. The implications of this result are briefly examined in conclusion.

HES PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS: THE COASE THEOREM LESSONS FOR THE STUDY OF THE HISTORY OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEVEN G. MEDEMA
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Coase Theorem ◽  
History Of Economic Thought ◽  
Economic Discourse ◽  
Half Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pluralistic Approach

The Coase theorem has occupied a prominent place in economic discourse for the last half-century. The debate over the theorem and the uses to which it has been put are important moments in the history of modern economics, and the analysis of them by the historians of economics sheds light on certain of the tensions in contemporary historiography. This article discusses several aspects of the intellectual history of the Coase theorem, arguing that the study of this history illustrates the necessity of a pluralistic approach, and that attempts to write history from a singular historiographic perspective leave us with histories that are both misleading and incomplete.

scholarly journals How the Toxin got its Toxicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy N. W. Jackson ◽  
Ivan Koludarov
Keyword(s):  
Gene Product ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Ecological Traits ◽  
Active Molecule ◽  
Dynamic Form ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pluralistic Approach ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Function

Venom systems are functional and ecological traits, typically used by one organism to subdue or deter another. A predominant subset of their constituent molecules—“toxins”—share this ecological function and are therefore molecules that mediate interactions between organisms. Such molecules have been referred to as “exochemicals.” There has been debate within the field of toxinology concerning the evolutionary pathways leading to the “recruitment” of a gene product for a toxic role within venom. We review these discussions and the evidence interpreted in support of alternate pathways, along with many of the most popular models describing the origin of novel molecular functions in general. We note that such functions may arise with or without gene duplication occurring and are often the consequence of a gene product encountering a novel “environment,” i.e., a range of novel partners for molecular interaction. After stressing the distinction between “activity” and “function,” we describe in detail the results of a recent study which reconstructed the evolutionary history of a multigene family that has been recruited as a toxin and argue that these results indicate that a pluralistic approach to understanding the origin of novel functions is advantageous. This leads us to recommend that an expansive approach be taken to the definition of “neofunctionalization”—simply the origins of a novel molecular function by any process—and “recruitment”—the “weaponization” of a molecule via the acquisition of a toxic function in venom, by any process. Recruitment does not occur at the molecular level or even at the level of gene expression, but only when a confluence of factors results in the ecological deployment of a physiologically active molecule as a toxin. Subsequent to recruitment, the evolutionary regime of a gene family may shift into a more dynamic form of “birth-and-death.” Thus, recruitment leads to a form of “downwards causation,” in which a change at the ecological level at which whole organisms interact leads to a change in patterns of evolution at the genomic level.

Constraints on movement transformations

1972 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Phrase Structure ◽  
Context Sensitivity ◽  
Global Constraints ◽  
Transformational Theory ◽  
Constituent Structure ◽  
Recent Suggestion ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Context Free ◽  
Rewrite System

1. The development of transformational theory has been marked by a considerable shifting about of powers allotted to the various constructs. As a theory of lexicon arose, for example, some of the function of the context-sensitivity of the phrase-structure rules was rendered unnecessary; correspondingly, when the rewrite system was tightly confined to a context-free nature, the transformational component took up part of the burden of providing for certain dependencies and concord phenomena. A fair estimate of the history of that component would have to concede that its powers – in spite of the cycle, and some scattered efforts (Emonds, 1969; Postal, 1971; Ross, 1969; Sanders, 1970)–have grown significantly. For example, Emonds's work aside, no general principles of derived constituent structure have developed (as originally anticipated, say, in Lees, 1957b: 400–401); quite the contrary, the particular elementary operations at the root of transformational relationships have been extended, so that at the moment, in addition to sister-adjunction and daughter-adjunction, we have at our disposal Chomsky-adjunction – a range of moves allowing just about any sort of bracketing relation to be developed. Similarly, the recent suggestion that a transformation be considered, most generally, a relation holding between P-markers (not necessarily ‘adjacent’ and not necessarily paired) engenders an enormous increase in power – all the more so since the so-called local and global constraints that are intended to offset the magnification of power are only promissory (Lakoff, 1970).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document