Impact of the Global Gag Rule

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yana van der Meulen Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Health Survey Data ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Low Exposure ◽  
The Impact

Chapter 6 offers new econometric estimates of the impact of the global gag rule on abortion rates. The analysis identifies the policy impact as the difference in abortion rates before and after the 2001 policy reinstatement and the difference between countries with high and low exposure to the policy. Abortion rates are constructed using Demographic and Health Survey data from 51 developing countries. Results from logistic regressions indicate that the global gag rule is associated with a threefold increase in the odds of women getting an abortion in Latin America and the Caribbean, a twofold increase in sub-Saharan Africa, and no net change in the Middle East and Central Asia. Results also indicate no consistent relationship between strict abortion laws and abortion rates. In the majority of developing countries exposed to the global gag rule, the policy failed to achieve its objective of discouraging women from getting an abortion.

Democratic demands and social policies: the politics of health reform in Ghana

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Carbone
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Health Reform ◽  
Policy Diffusion ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Policy Feedback ◽  
International Policy ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTIt is commonly assumed that the advent of democracy tends to bring about social welfare improvements. Few studies, however, have examined empirically the impact of third-wave democratisation processes on social policies in developing countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Through a diachronic comparison, this paper examines the effects of Ghana's democratisation process on the evolution of its health policy. It shows that the emergence of democratic competition played an important role in the recent adoption of a crucial health reform. A policy feedback effect on politics and a process of international policy diffusion were additional but secondary factors.

scholarly journals Increasing Female Enrollment for Agricultural Programs of Study in Sub-Saharan Africa: What Motivates Women to Pursue Careers in Agriculture?

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Mukembo ◽  
José M. Uscanga ◽  
M. Craig Edwards ◽  
Nicholas R. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Field Trips ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Programs Of Study ◽  
The Impact

Women in developing countries, especially in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA), play a critical role in ensuring food security and sovereignty for their families and nations. Unfortunately, in spite of this, their significance in the agricultural sector is seldom fully appreciated. Further, very few women in SSA are professionally trained agriculturists (Beintema & Di Marcantonio, 2009; Kanté, Edwards, & Blackwell, 2013), which has likely contributed to their low productivity per hectare in the agricultural sector compared to their male counterparts (O'Sullivan, Rao, Banerjee, Gulati, & Vinez, 2014). This study investigated the experiences of young, aspiring female agriculturists from Uganda who were members of Young Farmers’ Clubs (YFC) at high school to understand better how their club experiences may have impacted their career choices. Findings indicate the participants’ YFC activities, especially supervised agripreneurship projects (SAPs) and field trips, had transformative impacts on their choosing to study agriculture. However, gender stereotypes associated with females pursuing agricultural careers were still prevalent and discouraged them from becoming professional agriculturists. More research should be conducted about the impact of subjective norms (Ajzen, 1991) on females preparing to pursue careers in agriculture.

The Impact of Mobile Number Portability on Demand Price Elasticities in Sub-Saharan African Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Onkokame Mothobi
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Absolute Term ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Price Elasticities ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Number Portability ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper examines the effect of mobile number portability (MNP) on own- and cross-price elasticities. We use quarterly data for 27 mobile operators in seven Sub-Saharan Africa countries between 2010Q4 and 2014Q4 to estimate a differentiated products demand model. We find that the implementation of MNP increases price elasticities of demand for mobile services. This increase in price elasticities may be a result of reduction in switching costs between operators. On average, the introduction of MNP increases own-price elasticities by 0.47 in absolute value. We compare the level of price elasticities before and after the implementation of MNP in Ghana and Kenya, which implemented this policy in the time period of our study. Our results suggest that in Ghana, MNP increased own-price elasticities by an average of 0.35 in absolute term from an average of −0.74. In Kenya, the introduction of MNP increased own-price elasticities by an average of 0.21 in absolute term from a lower average of −0.39. However, we find that the average own-price elasticities in Kenya and Ghana remained small even after the implementation of MNP relative to other countries without MNP in place.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Rhys Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽  
Indirect Impacts ◽  
The Impact

This is a brief introduction to the re-emergence of China as a global economic power, emphasizing the role played by changes in the global economy from the 1970s and the internal reforms in China from the end of the 1970s. It describes briefly the importance of economic relations with China for Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), and introduces contrasting views of the impact of China on SSA and LAC. It emphasizes a framework which highlights both the direct and indirect impacts of China on the two regions, and identifies both positive and negative effects. It provides an outline of the main parts and chapters of the book.

China’s Economic Impacts on Latin America

2018 ◽  
pp. 254-283
Author(s):  
Rhys Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

The chapter considers three aspects of China’s economic impact on Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). It looks first at the direct and indirect effects of increased Chinese demand for commodities, which benefitted a number of LAC economies in the short and medium term. China’s role in financing and building infrastructure in the region has been less significant than in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The impact on manufacturing has been of much greater concern, with all the main countries in the region facing increased competition in the domestic market, and those that had developed significant exports of manufactures also losing out in third markets. Three case studies of Brazil, Mexico, and Chile illustrate different patterns of economic relations between China and Latin America.

scholarly journals Impact of Global Financial Crisis on IDB Member Countries: The Case of Gulf Cooperation Council and Sub-Saharan Africa

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (4II) ◽  
pp. 583-601
Author(s):  
Zafar Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Foreign Minister ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
The Impact

The year 2008 witnessed three major crises (food, energy, global financial and economic crises) and their impacts were increasingly felt worldwide. Since the eruption of global financial crisis from September 2008, international financial markets have become more turbulent, and the global economic slowdown is expected to deepen further. Virtually no country, developing or developed, has escaped from the impact of the global financial turbulence, although countries that entered the crisis with less integration into the global economy have generally been less affected. There is an increasing concern that the ongoing global financial turbulence is likely to transform into human crisis, particularly in the developing world. Although, it will take sometime to assess the full impact of the these crises on developed as well as developing countries, various preliminary estimates have been reported about the losses due to these crises. For example, Kuwait Foreign Minister revealed in Arab Economic Summit that Arab investors lost $2.5 trillion just in four months (September to December 2008) due to credit crunch.1 Similarly, according to the latest estimate by the Asian Development Bank, the global financial market losses reached $50 trillion in 2008, which is equivalent to one year of world GDP.2 Like other developing countries, the impacts of these crises have also been increasingly felt in IDB member countries. Firstly, a large number of member countries were affected due to high food and fuel prices and since September 2008, they are being affected directly and indirectly by the global financial crisis although the channels of transmission are different from those operating in relatively more developed member countries.

scholarly journals Contents and Determinants of Corporate Social Responsibility Website Reporting in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Seven-Country Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Lena Kühn ◽  
Markus Stiglbauer ◽  
Matthias S. Fifka
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Csr Reporting ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Political Environments ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Impact

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) in developing countries has recently received increasing attention, and scholars have pointed to the strong contextuality of CSR in the respective regions. Regarding the latter, however, sub-Saharan Africa has been scrutinized only marginally by academia. Moreover, empirical research on the impact of the institutional context has been scant, despite its attributed importance for CSR. Our article seeks to fill a part of this research gap by investigating CSR website reporting of 211 companies in seven sub-Saharan countries. The study’s aim is twofold: First, we identify to what extent sub-Saharan companies report on CSR and which contents they disclose. Second, by building on institutional theory, we investigate how the socio-economic and political environments influence CSR reporting. For this purpose, we examine the impact of country-level and company-level determinants. We find that the sample African companies’ CSR efforts focus strongly on local philanthropy and therefore differ substantially from Western CSR approaches. Furthermore, we evidence that GDP and level of governance standard positively affect CSR reporting. Our study contributes to the literature by empirically evidencing the contextuality of CSR in Africa and by explaining how specific country- and company-level determinants contribute to or hamper the development of CSR in developing countries.

What Should be the Focus of Agricultural Policy Reforms in Sub-Saharan Africa? A CGE Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-435
Author(s):  
Jean Balié ◽  
Badri Narayanan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Data Constraints

While a lot of research has been conducted on agricultural subsidies and other forms of policy transfers in developed and developing countries alike, substantial data constraints have characterised those conducted in developing countries. For this study, we employ a novel and uniquely developed dataset on these policies in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), to analyse the impact of policy reforms, using the latest available GTAP 9.1 Data Base, in the widely employed GTAP framework, for the first time. We simulate the scenarios of removal of output subsidies, removal of ‘market development gaps’ within and outside the country. Our results indicate that removing market development gaps is likely to increase the agricultural output without affecting trade much, while removing the subsidies could harm output a lot by import-substitution of the costly domestic output. We conclude that governments in SSA may do well to focus on developing their markets better rather than cutting the assistance to their farmers, which could in fact be counter-productive instead of raising the efficiency of domestic farmers through competition. JEL Classification: C68, Q11, Q13, Q17, Q18

scholarly journals COVID-19 in South Africa: outbreak despite interventions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malte Schröder ◽  
Andreas Bossert ◽  
Moritz Kersting ◽  
Sebastian Aeffner ◽  
Justin Coetzee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Nelson Mandela ◽  
Intervention Measures ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe future dynamics of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in African countries is largely unclear. Simultaneously, required strengths of intervention measures are strongly debated because containing COVID-19 in favor of the weak health care system largely conflicts with socio-economic hardships. Here we analyze the impact of interventions on outbreak dynamics for South Africa, exhibiting the largest case numbers across sub-saharan Africa, before and after their national lockdown. Past data indicate strongly reduced but still supracritical growth after lockdown. Moreover, large-scale agent-based simulations given different future scenarios for the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality with 1.14 million inhabitants, based on detailed activity and mobility survey data of about 10% of the population, similarly suggest that current containment may be insufficient to not overload local intensive care capacity. Yet, enduring, slightly stronger or more specific interventions, combined with sufficient compliance, may constitute a viable option for interventions for South Africa.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF MICROFINANCE BANKS IN RURAL AREAS OF SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 80-90
Author(s):  
Isabelle Musanganya ◽  
Chantal Nyinawumuntu ◽  
Pauline Nyirahagenimana
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Bank Loans ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

Many researchers consider microfinance as a tool for poverty reduction. Even more, especially in post-conflict African countries, micro-financial institutions are seen as an opportunity of reconciliation. Lending from microfinance institutions to that from traditional banks and examine their respective effects upon economic growth has been practiced in some sub-Saharan countries. Considerable progress in research has been found that microfinance loans raise growth comparatively to that of traditional banks. A lot of number of researches carried out in sub-Saharan countries even in other developing countries outside of Africa did not find strong evidence that bank loans raise growth. There is, however, some evidence that bank loans do increase investment, whereas microfinance loans do not appear to do so. Differently, other researchers highlighted clearly that microfinance can provide its contribution on poverty reduction and better access to finance needed for startup micro-entrepreneurs along the world. These results suggest that microfinance loans are not primarily invested as physical capital in developing countries, but could still augment total factor productivity, whereas banks may have been financing non-productive investments. Herein, we highlighted the impact of microfinance banks on developing countries economic growth. We also indicate how microfinances system incorporated in rural areas boosted the lifestyle of poor people in Sub-Saharan Africa.

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