The Marginal Value of Economists

Never Trump ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 221-239
Author(s):  
Robert P. Saldin ◽  
Steven M. Teles
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
National Security ◽  
Economic Interdependence ◽  
Core Beliefs ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Marginal Value ◽  
The Core ◽  
International Alliances

This chapter studies how Donald Trump directly challenged the core beliefs of conservative economists during the campaign, almost gleefully dismissing many of their core beliefs and openly spurning their advice. Indeed, just as he attacked the belief of national security conservatives in international alliances, Trump challenged the core creed of the economics discipline which held that an expanded scale of markets—for goods, capital, and people—was essential to economic growth and human flourishing. Rather than envisioning a world in which economic interdependence makes all nations wealthier, Trump advanced a darker vision in which America was constantly exploited by other nations, a trend that he would counter by making “great deals” that put “America first.” Republican economists had every reason to fear Trump and what he was doing to the party, yet they responded by keeping their distance. Unlike national security professionals, there has been little to no collective action by economists.

Guardians

Never Trump ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 13-39
Author(s):  
Robert P. Saldin ◽  
Steven M. Teles
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
National Security ◽  
Sharp Contrast ◽  
The Other ◽  
Policy Network ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
The Core ◽  
Security Network ◽  
Core Problem

Chapter 2 discusses how the John Hay Initiative, the Republican foreign policy establishment, became the purest strain of Never Trumpism. The John Hay Initiative was designed to create a firewall around the heresies of Rand Paul and to help the other Republican candidates competently defend their vision of conservative internationalism. However, no one around the project imagined that their party would be tempted by a figure like Donald Trump. Trump's candidacy threw them into a world of uncertainty, in which all of their experience and strategies were suddenly rendered unhelpful or even counterproductive. In sharp contrast to most of the rest of the groups discussed in this book, they responded to Trump with open, furious, and mostly unified opposition. There were two primary reasons that people within the Republican national security network offer for having gone Never Trump. First, many were mortified at Trump's statements on foreign policy issues. Even so, most Never Trumpers in the foreign policy network say that their objections ran deeper than policy disputes; it was Trump's fundamental and unredeemable character flaws that constituted the core problem.

Epilogue

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Goodin ◽  
Kai Spiekermann
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
European Union ◽  
Majority Rule ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Epistemic Democracy ◽  
The Core ◽  
Echo Chambers ◽  
Filter Bubbles

This chapter reflects on the election of Donald Trump and the vote of the British electorate in favour of ‘Brexit’ from the European Union. While we refrain from judging the outcomes of these votes, we do discuss concerns pertaining to the lack of truthfulness in both campaigns. After rehearsing the lies on which the Trump and Brexit campaigns were based, we consider different explanations as to why these campaigns were nevertheless successful, and where this leaves the argument for epistemic democracy. Particularly worrisome are tendencies towards ‘epistemic insouciance’, ‘epistemic malevolence’, and ‘epistemic agnosticism’. We also consider the problematic influence of social media in terms of echo chambers and filter bubbles. The core argument in favour of epistemic democracy is that the pooling of votes by majority rule has epistemically beneficial properties, assuming certain conditions. If these assumptions are not met, or are systematically corrupted, then epistemic democracy is under threat.

scholarly journals Climate Change Inaction and Optimism

Philosophies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Philip J. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Collective Action Problem ◽  
The Public ◽  
Policy Context ◽  
Positive Action ◽  
Ideological Fantasy

The problem of climate change inaction is sometimes said to be ‘wicked’, or essentially insoluble, and it has also been seen as a collective action problem, which is correct but inconsequential. In the absence of progress, much is made of various frailties of the public, hence the need for an optimistic tone in public discourse to overcome fatalism and encourage positive action. This argument is immaterial without meaningful action in the first place, and to favour what amounts to the suppression of truth over intellectual openness is in any case disreputable. ‘Optimism’ is also vexed in this context, often having been opposed to the sombre mood of environmentalists by advocates of economic growth. The greater mental impediments are ideological fantasy, which is blind to the contradictions in public discourse, and the misapprehension that if optimism is appropriate in one social or policy context it must be appropriate in others. Optimism, far from spurring climate change action, fosters inaction.

scholarly journals Development and validation of the Core Beliefs Questionnaire in a sample of individuals with social anxiety disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 207 ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quincy J.J. Wong ◽  
Bree Gregory ◽  
Jonathan E. Gaston ◽  
Ronald M. Rapee ◽  
Judith K. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Core Beliefs ◽  
The Core ◽  
Development And Validation

scholarly journals THE ANALYSIS OF IDEOLOGIES IN DONALD TRUMP’S POLITICAL SPEECHES ON NATIONAL SECURITY : A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rize Rahmi Rahmi
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
National Security ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Discursive Practice ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Ideological Discourse ◽  
Political Speeches ◽  
Ideological Structure

Although there were many studies of Political Discourse had been done in CDA approach, but still few studies concern withrelation of ideology and language in the discourse. This study aims to, 1) find the ideological discourse structureswhich are used to enhance ideology in political speeches delivered by Donald Trump and 2) reveal the ideologies found in the speeches of Donald Trump about National Security. The analysis in this study is based on Fairclough’s(1992 )framework of Critical Discourse Analysis which consists of three levels of analysis; textual, discursive practice and socio-cultural practice. Then, for textual analysis, the writer used one analytical tool that is the theory of Ideological Discourse Structure of the discourse by Van Dijk (2000). The results showed that Donald Trump used language tactfully to achieve his goal on politics. The conclusion obtained is that Donald Trump enhances fascist ideology in his speeches which can be seen through the ideological structure of discourse which is found in his political speech on National Security.

scholarly journals Does the Economic Security of the Russian Speaking Minority Threaten the Latvian National Security?

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
Ondřej Hynek
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Process Tracing ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Crucial Point ◽  
The Core

The core of this paper is aiming at the economic security of the Russian minority in Latvia. The Russian minorities are representing the potentially vulnerable part in Baltics security because of the collapse of the USSR that led to the disputes between the Russian minority and “local” Baltics citizens. Thus, the economic conditions mean the crucial point for allaying the disputes and improving the security, therefore, the Russian minority in Latvia won’t tend to be integrated back to Russia. With this mind, the inquiry of the economic conditions of the Russian minority should depict if the economic security of the Latvian Russians jeopardizes the national security of Latvia. The paper is anchored on the concept of national security and economic security. The research is comparing and evaluating progress. Thus, the utilization of the comparative and process-tracing methods should endorse to explicate how the Latvian- Russians are doing in comparison with Latvians and evaluate progress during the time. Despite that the conditions of the Russian minority are constantly improving, we should not underestimate them since they have not reached the level of Latvians yet.

scholarly journals Validation of the Core Beliefs Inventory (CBI) in Brazilian Portuguese

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-414
Author(s):  
Tayse Conter de Moura ◽  
Julia Candia Donat ◽  
Thiago Loreto Garcia da Silva ◽  
Adriane Xavier Arteche ◽  
Carolina Saraiva de Macedo Lisboa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Posttraumatic Growth ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Core Beliefs ◽  
Portuguese Version ◽  
The Core ◽  
Adequate Internal Consistency

Abstract Introduction Experiencing trauma may entail psychopathological consequences, but also changes considered to be positive (i.e., posttraumatic growth). For positive change to occur, an impact on the beliefs of individuals is required, which may be measured through the Core Beliefs Inventory (CBI). The objective of this study was to validate the Brazilian Portuguese version of the CBI. Methods A total of 248 university students (65.7% female) answered the following assessment instruments: sociodemographic data sheet, Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), Posttraumatic Symptoms Checklist – Clinician Version (PCL-5) and the CBI. Psychometric properties of the CBI were assessed by conducting an exploratory factor analysis through a principal component analysis with varimax rotation. Internal consistency (Cronbach’s α) and convergent validity (Pearson correlation between instruments) were also investigated. Results The total scale showed adequate internal consistency (α = 0.83). A single factor solution explained 42.63% of the variance of the CBI. Significant correlations were found between CBI and PTGI, and between CBI and PCL-5. Conclusion The psychometric properties indicated adequate internal consistency and construct validity of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the CBI.

Analogism at Chavín de Huántar

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-98
Author(s):  
Nicco La Mattina
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Core Beliefs ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
The Core ◽  
Chavin De Huantar ◽  
Chavín De Huántar ◽  
A Site ◽  
Material Record

Approaches to understanding the core beliefs and worldviews of ancient peoples are not superficially facilitated by the archaeological record. Sometimes, pre-Columbian people are described by analogy to presumably similar contemporary people; that is, a theoretical framework applicable to certain modern peoples is applied a priori in the investigation of a site. This chapter argues that at Chavín de Huántar, interpretations centred around animism and shamanism employ these concepts a priori as ways of understanding the material record. Many of the references to shamanism make specific analogies to Amazonian practices and import these ideas to Chavín de Huántar. Furthermore, the chapter authors argue that, if the iconographic and material record at Chavín de Huánta are carefully evaluated, interpretations centred around animism and shamanism will not follow. The authors demonstrate that the analogist ontology formulated by Descola finds a firmer grounding in the iconographic and material record when these are considered together.

Is Entrepreneurship Education Key to All Entrepreneurial Initiatives?

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-63
Author(s):  
Joana Costa
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
The Core ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
The World ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
Different Cultures

Entrepreneurship is a worldwide reality. Since the beginning of times and all around the world people have created businesses. Entrepreneurial orientation, from a macroeconomic perspective, allows income and employment generation, thus boosting growth. At the microeconomic level, it is a competition booster playing a central role in a globalized market. In this entrepreneurial ecosystem in which knowledge-based activity is the core booster of employment, economic growth, and competitiveness, universities and, in particular, entrepreneurial universities play either the role of knowledge production and dissemination. The present work aims to understand the role of education (formal and entrepreneurship) on entrepreneurial activity combined with heterogeneous individual characteristics and different cultures and geographies. Specifically, the study identifies substitution and complementary effects among both types of education according to individual taxonomies.

Aristotelian Virtue Education and Education for Sustainable Development

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-83
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Education For Sustainable Development ◽  
Individual Behavior ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
Moral Dimension ◽  
Moral Transformation ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Virtue Education

This chapter considers the merits of integrating virtues education into education for sustainable development (ESD). ESD has aimed for the moral transformation of learners since its inception, aiming to shape learner values, attitudes, and behaviors. Understanding sustainability virtue and virtue development along Aristotelian lines, this chapter argues that reconceptualizing ESD’s transformative aims in terms of virtues education has several merits: It highlights the significance of human flourishing as the ultimate goal of sustainability; highlights the moral dimension of sustainable development; highlights the importance of experiencing the best things in life and of practicing sustainability virtue in a virtue-loving social environment; and helps to organize ESD’s transformative ambitions and structure our understanding of how they are to be achieved. The chapter also addresses two potential criticisms of the virtues approach, including that virtues concern individual behavior rather than coordinated collective action, and that Aristotelian virtue thinking is essentializing and parochial.

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