Unprecedented Relationships

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosanna Hertz ◽  
Margaret K. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Sperm Donor

This chapter introduces the concept of networks of strangers linked by reliance on the same sperm donor. It draws on participants’ use of the language of genes and the language of choice to explain how these networks develop. Because the relationships within these networks are unprecedented, the members have to decide for themselves naming conventions and social norms. The introduction suggests the importance of these relationships at a time when family size is shrinking. It includes a discussion of research methods, describing how the authors located respondents and the characteristics of respondents (212 parents and 154 donor-conceived children). It also explains how the authors chose to feature particular networks that reflected different eras, different age groups of children, and different internal dynamics.

AGEISM AS A PROBLEM OF MODERN SOCIETY

2021 ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
A. V. Polyanskaya ◽  
◽  
R. A. Melnikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Negative Experience ◽  
Third Age

In the modern world, there is discrimination against older people because of their age, called ageism. It can manifest itself either in the form of discriminatory policies of States or companies, or in the form of psychological or physical violence against third-age persons. This type of discrimination was described in the 60s of the XX century, but concern about this phenomenon at the level of who and the UN arose only in the early 2000s. Research has established many causes of ageism: negative stereotypes about older people, upbringing, negative experience of interaction between older people and other age groups, etc. There are explicit and latent, deliberate and unintentional ageism. Proposed various methods for the identification of ageism. The article examines the causes of this type of discrimination, forms of its manifestation and existing research methods, and based on the literature data, offers suggestions for possible ways to combat ageism.

SOCIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE STUDY OF PATIENTS ‘ OPINIONS ABOUT THE DRUG SUPPLY SYSTEM IN RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
E.A. Telnova ◽  
A.V. Belova ◽  
A.A. Zagoruichenko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Drug Supply ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Law System ◽  
Popu Lation

This article analyzes the results of a sociological survey, which con- firmed the relevance of the issues of accessibility of providing medicines to various categories of citizens. The purpose of this study was to study the attitude of citizens to the existing system, as well as to identify the strengths and weaknesses of preferential security. The main research methods were: the method of studying and generalizing experience; comparative analysis; sociological survey; statistical. According to the presented data, the distribution of answers to questions is determined in % depending on the total number of respondents, including in the dynamics for the analyzed period (2019-2021). This study served as a tool for studying the key problems in obtaining preferential medicines (waiting times for a doctor to issue a prescription, the absence of a prescription in a pharmacy, the refusal of a doctor to issue medicines, etc.). Thus, the results of the conducted sociological survey showed that the LAW system plays a significant role in the structure of healthcare. At the same time, first of all, it is necessary to carry out additional work with various age groups of the popu- lation in the framework of providing information about the possibilities of the additional preferential security system.

The decline in fertility in England and Wales since 1964

1977 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-237
Author(s):  
G. N. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Mothers ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Specific Group ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
Interaction Component ◽  
Number Of Births

SummaryThe decline in the number of legitimate live births in England and Wales from the peak in 1964 has been partitioned into components due to changes in fertility rates, components due to changes in the composition of the population exposed to risk, and an interaction component. Fertility rates specific for age of mother at birth of child, duration of marriage, parity and age of mother at marriage were considered but in all cases it was found that the decline was not as great as the change in fertility rates implied. This was due to increases in the number of births due to changes in the composition of the population exposed to risk.The decline in the number of births due to changes in fertility rates specific for age of mother/duration of marriage/parity/age at marriage has been expressed as a percentage of the number of births to each specific group and it was found that generally the percentage decline became greater as age of mother/duration of marriage/parity/age at marriage increased. However this did not apply for the youngest age groups, the shortest durations of marriage, the youngest ages at marriage and the lowest parity. This result needs further investigation. Is this evidence of a deferment of births by young mothers (with short durations, low parities and young ages at marriage)? Alternatively, is this evidence of the beginning of a really significant and widespread change of attitude to family size?

scholarly journals Influences of tax sanctions, taxpayers awareness and social norms on motivation to meet tax obligation

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-11
Author(s):  
Dendy Heryanto ◽  
Mursalim Mursalim ◽  
Darwis Lannai
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Total Sample

This research is done with the aim to analyze tax sanctions, taxpayers awareness and social norms to meet tax obligation in the KPP Pratama South Makassar. The Research methods used in this study are descriptive analysis double regression analysis with a total sample of 79 respondence. The result showed tax sanction, taxpayers awareness and social norms were positive and significant for the taxpayer’s motivation to fulfill its tax obligation at KPP Pratama South Makassar

scholarly journals SOCIAL DETERMINANTS AND UPTAKE OF SOLAR COOKING PROJECTS- KAKUMA REFUGEE CAMP IN KENYA

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Godfrey Mawira Kaburu ◽  
Dr. Rosemary James ◽  
Kevin Mortimer
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Refugee Camp ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Domestic Fuel

Purpose: To investigate the influence of social determinants on uptake of solar cooking projects in Kakuma Refugee Camp in Kenya. Methodology: A cross-sectional study of 122 systematically sampled households in Kakuma Refugee Camp was done. Questionnaires were completed to collect information about social norms, family size, security and safety, education level and beneficiary participation. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the findings. Findings: All the 122 questionnaires completed by respondents had a mean age (SD) 37.8 (8.6); 85% female. Households in Kakuma mainly acquire their domestic fuel via different means within the camp such as firewood collection, purchases from local vendors or donations from aid agencies. Firewood on open fires was the modal cooking practice at 83.6%, followed by charcoal at 15.6% and solar cooking at 0.8%, while use of alternative fuels like gas, ethanol or kerosene was found to be insignificant. Adoption of solar cooking was observed to be under influence of social norms, family size and education. A greater uptake of solar cooking was noted among respondents with higher education levels and lower uptake among large families.   Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Firewood is given to refugees for domestic fuel in Kakuma Refugee Camp; however, getting adequate supplies for the sprawling camp population is getting increasingly difficult, and environmentally damaging. Solar cooking projects have been implemented as possible solutions albeit with little success. There is a need for humanitarian agencies to make refugees aware and conversant with use of the free, sustainable solar fuel to cook and cognizant of benefits of shifting from wood-based cooking to the cleaner solar cooking option. Household cooking is such a socio-culturally embedded practice in Kakuma that context-specific solar cookers that can fry, boil, and bake using ordinally cooking styles of refugees would be key to a wider-spread solar cooking uptake. In addition, there is a gap between the refugees’ preferred fuel option and their ability to pay. To get solar cooking to scale, more investment is needed and agencies should explore working with local businesses to subsidize cost of solar cookers in camps. Finally, the Kenya and the ISO standards for clean cookstoves need developing since there is a gap and the existing standards mainly focus on solid fuel, biomass or ethanol cookstoves.

scholarly journals Study of Some Epidemiological Aspects of Giardiasis in North of Baghdad

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-258
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Total Rate ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
The North ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Infectivity Rate ◽  
Majority Groups

Different factors have been examined to be related with the prevalence of Girdiasis in the north of Baghdad in human beings which were (gender, age , occupation ,family size,faecal status and presence of domestic animals) during the period from the beginning of April 2009 till the end of March 2010. This study revealed that the total rate of infection in human being was 11.66% , and no significant differences (p?0.05) were noticed between male and female as their rates of infection were 52.32% and 47.68% respectively , as well as no significant relation was observed between faecal status and the rate of infection, the percentage of positive cases in diarrheal patients was higher than the non diarrheal patients who were 74.41 and 25.59 respectively ,while there was significant relation between the presence of domestic animals and prevalence of giardiasis (p?0.05) ,the infectivity rate reached to 23.25% in persons who had domestic animals in their household .Also high infection rate have been recorded among children less than 10 years old which was 51.16 % when it compared with other age groups, as well as preschool children and person belong to family composed of (5-9) individual were observed to be the majority groups that infected with Giardia which were 44.18% and 50% respectively, although there were no significant relation (p?0.05) between each of age, occupation and family size with infectivity rate of Gairdia.

scholarly journals Study on the Socio-Economic Condition of Fishermen of the Punorvaba River under Sadar Upazila, Dinajpur

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faishal Ibna Hossain ◽  
Md. Idris Miah ◽  
Md. Hafiz All Hosen ◽  
Rubaiya Pervin ◽  
Md. Rezoanul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Fishing Community ◽  
Village Doctors ◽  
The Family ◽  
Fish Catch ◽  
Brood Fish

The present study was conducted to evaluate livelihood status of fishing community of the Punorvaba River under Dinajpur Sadar Upazila during the period from January to August, 2013. The livelihood status of fishermen were studied in terms of age structure, family size and type, occupation status, educational status, housing condition, drinking water facilities, sanitary facilities, health facilities, credit facilities and monthly income. It was found that most of the fishermen were belonged to the age groups of 36-45 years (40%), represented by 90% Muslim. The family size of fishing community is usually consisted of 5-7 members. Over 45% of the fishermen primarily engaged in fishing. Among them 50% was illiterate and 7% was SSC and above group. About 40% of the fishermen received health service from village doctors, 23% from upazila health complex and remaining 7% got health service from MBBS doctors. Some management strategies such as prohibition of catching brood fish, control of destructive gears, establishments of fish sanctuaries, release of fish fry have been suggested by the fishermen to stop the decreasing trend in the fish catch and to enhance fish production.

scholarly journals Clinical and epidemiological features of the Measles in children of the Astrakhan region

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Kharchenko ◽  
O. G. Kimirilova
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Late Detection

According to the Rospotrebnadzor of the Russian Federation for the first quarter of 2019 were registered 872 cases of measles, which indicates a tense epidemic situation for this pathology.Objective: to establish clinical and epidemiological features of measles in children depending on age in the Astrakhan region for the period from January 2013 to June 2019.Research methods: the analysis of 370 cases of measles in children aged 3 months to 17 years, confirmed by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA).The results of the study: in the age structure of the incidence of measles in the Astrakhan region prevail unvaccinated children aged 2—3 years, and less than 1 year, not subject to vaccination against measles. The main reasons for the lack of vaccinations in children with measles are: medical taps. The incidence of vaccinated children against measles can be a consequence of violations in the organization of vaccination work. The causes of the presence of measles foci with the spread of infection are nosocomial outbreaks, measles drifts in organized groups, as a result of late detection and isolation of patients. Measles in children of different age groups, both vaccinated and unvaccinated proceeded typically with a predominance of moderate forms. The symptom of Filatov-Koplik remains the main sign of the diagnosis of measles in the catarrhal period of the disease, the gradual appearance of a spotty-papular rash in combination with catarrhal syndrome — in the period of rash, and pigmentation is a retrospective sign of the survive infection.

The Blockchain Paradox

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Tasca ◽  
Riccardo Piselli
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
The Other ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Reciprocal Effects ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Technological Design ◽  
Simple Matter ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Law

Abstract This contribution deals with the problem of interoperability of blockchain technologies. Building on the framework offered by Lawrence Lessig, it will be argued that interoperability cannot be viewed as a simple matter of technological design. Blockchain technologies, in fact, give rise to complex ecosystems, which are shaped by both the architecture and social and market forces. The literature has mainly focused on the effects that the blockchain code has determined on the law of contracts. However, the action of the other modalities, in particular those of market and social forces and their interaction with the code has not been deeply investigated. By isolating the reciprocal effects of the different modalities of regulation—in particular, blockchain code and the law, blockchain code and the market, and blockchain code and social norms—this paper intends to fill this gap and sheds some more light on the internal dynamics of public blockchain. Finally, building on the insight so gained, we will explore the problem of interoperability between ledgers by analysing the pros and cons of the solution proposed so far.

Motives of Young Basketball Players for Going in for Sports

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Asta Budreikaitė ◽  
Kęstutis Mačijauskas
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Willingness To Compete ◽  
And Control ◽  
Improve Health

Abstract The aim of the research is to analyze the motives for going in for sports among young basketball players within the age group of 9-16 years. Research methods are as follows: analysis of relevant scientific research, questionnaire, and statistical analysis. Data was collected by cooperating with Silute Sports School upon receipt of consent; questionnaires were handed out to the pupils of the sports school. The research sample was composed of 100 respondents between the ages of 9 – 16 years attending Silute Sports School. The results of the present research identified and named the most common and significant motives encouraging the young basketball players to engage in sports across all age groups (interval of 10―16 years), which are the improvement of health and the possibility of making own sport-related achievements public. Considering different age groups, results demonstrate that boys at the age of 9 – 10 consider the following motives fundamental: to improve health and to express emotions. They believe that emotional enrichment when emotions experienced in sports come along with pleasure in doing such sports and appreciation of own achievements is highly significant. When it comes to the adolescents falling into the group of 11 – 12 year olds, willingness to compete, fight, and control oneself are the central motives, while to the adolescents at the age of 13 – 14 years it was to experience pleasure in sports, however, the group of 15 – 16 year olds name a possibility to become famous for sport-related achievements as the most significant motive.

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