Modern Phenomenology III

2018 ◽  
pp. 405-410
Author(s):  
Thomas Nail

This chapter argues that after Marx’s analysis of capitalist temporality, Edmund Husserl (1859–1938) introduced an even more radical elasticity into transcendental temporality in the form of an “absolute flow of time.” This move set him apart from both Hume and Kant. Hume had to explicitly presuppose the continuous passing of time, but he could not defend this thesis on the basis of our experience of successive moments. Husserl’s remarkable innovation therefore was to multiply and stretch the temporal field itself such that any given temporal field can become a subcirculation or conjunction within an even larger field. This is possible, as we will see, because the flow of time is absolutely elastic.

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 149-160
Author(s):  
N Kargapolova

Numerical models of the heat index time series and spatio-temporal fields can be used for a variety of purposes, from the study of the dynamics of heat waves to projections of the influence of future climate on humans. To conduct these studies one must have efficient numerical models that successfully reproduce key features of the real weather processes. In this study, 2 numerical stochastic models of the spatio-temporal non-Gaussian field of the average daily heat index (ADHI) are considered. The field is simulated on an irregular grid determined by the location of weather stations. The first model is based on the method of the inverse distribution function. The second model is constructed using the normalization method. Real data collected at weather stations located in southern Russia are used to both determine the input parameters and to verify the proposed models. It is shown that the first model reproduces the properties of the real field of the ADHI more precisely compared to the second one, but the numerical implementation of the first model is significantly more time consuming. In the future, it is intended to transform the models presented to a numerical model of the conditional spatio-temporal field of the ADHI defined on a dense spatio-temporal grid and to use the model constructed for the stochastic forecasting of the heat index.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Ricardo Pinho Souto ◽  
José De Sá de Araújo Neto
Keyword(s):  

O presente artigo visa discorrer sobre um dos conceitos centrais na fenomenologia husserliana: o conceito de intencionalidade. De saída, ressalta-se que a consciência é necessariamente intencional por partir da relação básica constituída pelo par indissociável sujeito/objeto. Tal conceito - intencionalidade -, põe em destaque o movimento da consciência em direção ao objeto e, mais ainda, essa propriedade cumpre um caráter universal, fazendo-se presente no funcionamento psíquico do homem.


2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-102
Author(s):  
Robin Rehm

Kasimir Malewitschs suprematistische Hauptwerke ›Schwarzes Quadrat‹, ›Schwarzer Kreis‹ und ›Schwarzes Kreuz‹ von 1915 setzen sich aus schwarzen Formen auf weißem Grund zusammen. Der Typus des Schwarzweißbildes weist überraschende Parallelen zu den bildlichen Wahrnehmungsinstrumenten auf, die vom ausgehenden 18. bis Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts in den Experimenten der Farbenlehre, physiologischen Optik und Psychologie verwendet worden sind. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht diese Parallelen in drei Schritten: Zunächst erfolgt eine allgemeine Charakterisierung des Schwarzweißbildes mit Hilfe des Kontrastbegriffs von Edmund Husserl. Des weiteren wird die Entstehung und Funktion des schwarzweißen Kontrastbildes in den Wissenschaften des 19. Jahrhunderts typologisch herausgearbeitet. Unter Berücksichtigung des Wissensbegriffs von Max Scheler wird abschließend die Spezifik des Wissens eruiert, das die Schwarzweißbilder sowohl in der Malerei Malewitschs als auch in den genannten Wissenschaften generieren. Malevich’s main Suprematist works, such as ›Black Square‹, ›Black Circle‹, and ›Black Cross‹ from 1915, consist of black shapes on white ground. Surprisingly this series of shapes strongly resembles scientific black-and-white images used for research on colour theory, physiological optics, and psychology throughout the 19th century. This paper examines the parallels between Malevich’s paintings and the scientific drawings in three steps: It first characterizes black-and-white images in general, using Edmund Husserl’s definition of the term ›contrast‹. Secondly, the paper investigates the development and function of black-and-white images as tools of perception in the sciences. It finally discusses the specific knowledge generated through Malevich’s art and through scientific black-and-white images, following Max Scheler’s phenomenological identification of knowledge.


2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-244
Author(s):  
Ralf Becker ◽  
Egbert Witte ◽  
Meike Siegfried ◽  
Ernst Wolfgang Orth ◽  
Annette Hilt ◽  
...  

Edmund Husserl: Wahrnehmung und Aufmerksamkeit. Texte aus dem Nachlass (1893-1912); Martin Heidegger: Geschichte der Philosophie von Thomas von Aquin bis Kant; Thomas Bedorf, Kurt Röttgers (Hg.): Die französische Philosophie im 20. Jahrhundert. Ein Autorenhandbuch; Günter Figal: Verstehensfragen. Studien zur phänomenologisch-hermeneutischen Philosophie; Guy van Kerckhoven: Epiphanie. Reine Erscheinung und Ethos ohne Kategorie; Christian Lotz: From Affectivity to Subjectivity. Husserl’s phenomenology revisited; Claus Stieve: Von den Dingen lernen. Die Gegenstände unserer Kindheit


2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Becker ◽  
Franz-Peter Burkard ◽  
Johannes Schick ◽  
Rainer Schäfer
Keyword(s):  

Edmund Husserl: Transzendentaler Idealismus. Texte aus dem Nachlass (1908-1921); Thomas Friedrich, Jörg H. Gleiter (Hg.): Einfühlung und phänomenologische Reduktion. Grundlagentexte zu Architektur, Design und Kunst; Thomas Fuchs: Das Gehirn – ein Beziehungsorgan. Eine phänomenologisch-ökologische Konzeption; Shigeru Taguchi: Das Problem des ‚Ur-Ich‘ bei Edmund Husserl. Die Frage nach der selbstverständlichen ‚Nähe‘ des Selbst


Author(s):  
Cleo Hanaway-Oakley

This chapter situates Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology of film in its historical context through analysing its key insights—the reciprocal and embodied nature of film spectatorship—in the light of late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century philosophy and psychology, charting Merleau-Ponty’s indebtedness to thinkers as diverse as Henri Bergson, Max Wertheimer, Hugo Münsterberg, Rudolf Arnheim, Victor Freeburg, Sergei Eisenstein, and Siegfried Kracauer. The historical Bergson is differentiated from the Deleuzian Bergson we ordinarily encounter in film studies, and Merleau-Ponty’s fondness for gestalt models of perception is outlined with reference to the competing ‘persistence of vision’ theory of film viewing. The chapter ends with a consideration of some of the ways in which James Joyce could have encountered early phenomenology, through the work of the aforementioned philosophers and psychologists and the ideas of Gabriel Marcel, Franz Brentano, William James, and Edmund Husserl.


Author(s):  
Julian Wright

This chapter asks wider questions about the flow of time as it was explored in this historical writing. It focuses on Jaurès’ philosophy of history, initially through a brief discussion of his doctoral thesis and the essay entitled ‘Le bilan social du XIXème siècle’ that he provided at the end of the Histoire socialiste, then through the work of three of his collaborators, Gabriel Deville, Eugène Fournière, and Georges Renard. One of the most important challenges for socialists in the early twentieth century was to understand the damage and division caused by revolution, while not losing the transformative mission of their socialism. With these elements established, the chapter returns to Jaurès, and in particular the long study of nineteenth-century society in chapter 10 of L’Armée nouvelle. Jaurès advanced an original vision of the nineteenth century and its meaning for the socialist present.


2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-302
Author(s):  
Nelly Motroschilowa

Abstract This archival feature serves to present the personality and philosophy of Elena Oznobkina (1959–2010), a key figure of late-Soviet and, later, Russian philosophy. Oznobkina pioneered the present-day reception of Martin Heidegger and Edmund Husserl in Russia, but also made substantial contributions to Nietzsche studies and political philosophy, which are detailed in Nelly Motrozhilova’s introduction. Her philosophical work was inseparable from her personal political engagement, to which the featured archival text (“Prison or Gulag?”, 2000) testifies. It gives a poignant and concise characterisation of the prison as an object of philosophical theory, while asking the question of where Soviet prison camps and the prisons of post-Soviet Russia are to be located within this field of thought.


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