Vectors on manifolds

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Steane

The vector, the dual vector (one-form), components and inner products are defined and discussed. The difference between a vector and a one-form is carefully drawn out, with examples and diagrams. Contravariant and covariant components are described, and the way in which the metric can relate them is carefully explained. The transformation of vector components under a change of coordinate basis is derived.

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-361
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Grau-Pérez ◽  
J. Guillermo Milán

In Uruguay, Lacanian ideas arrived in the 1960s, into a context of Kleinian hegemony. Adopting a discursive approach, this study researched the initial reception of these ideas and its effects on clinical practices. We gathered a corpus of discursive data from clinical cases and theoretical-doctrinal articles (from the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s). In order to examine the effects of Lacanian ideas, we analysed the difference in the way of interpreting the clinical material before and after Lacan's reception. The results of this research illuminate some epistemological problems of psychoanalysis, especially the relationship between theory and clinical practice.


SUHUF ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-72
Author(s):  
Ahmad Fathoni
Keyword(s):  

The object of the study of the knowledge of the variety of the Quranic reading  is the  Qur'an itself. The focus is on the difference of the reading and its articulation. The method is based on the riwayat or narration which is originated from the Prophet (Rasulullah saw) and its use is to be one of the instruments to keep the originality of the Qur’an. The validity of the reading the Qur’an is to be judged based on the valid chain  (sanad ¡a¥ī¥)  in accord with the Rasm U£mānÄ« as well as with the  Arabic grammar. Whereas the qualification of its originality is divided into six stages as follow: the first is mutawātir, the second is masyhÅ«r, the third is āhād, the fourth is syaz, the fifth is maudū‘, and the six is mudraj. Of this six catagories, the readings which can be included in the catagory of mutawātir are Qiraat Sab‘ah (the seven readings) and Qiraat ‘Asyrah  (the ten readings). To study this knowledge of reading the Qur’an (ilmu qiraat), one is advised to know about special terms being used such as  qiraat  (readings), riwayat (narration), tarÄ«q (the way), wajh (aspect), mÄ«m jama‘, sukÅ«n mÄ«m jama‘ and many others.


SUHUF ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-214
Author(s):  
Afifur Rochman Sya'rani

Most of traditional Muslim exegetes interpret Q. 4:34 in terms of maintaining the superiority of men over women. Some progressive Muslim scholars then insist a contextual approach to the verse to criticize gender inequality. Among some progressive Muslim scholars, this article comparatively examines the interpretations of Amina Wadud and Mohammed Talbi of Q. 4:34. Although both of them propose a contextual reading of the verse, they have different intellectual background, approach and method in interpreting the Qur’ān. The questions are to what extent the similarities and differences of both Wadud’s and Talbi’s interpretation of Q. 4:34 and how far their interpretations reflect their respective intention and perspective? Applying Gadamer’s hermeneutical approach, the article concludes that [1] Both Wadud and Talbi argue that the verse does not establish the superiority of men over women, but acknowledges duties division among married couple; [2] the difference among their interpretations is on the status of relationship among married couple; [3] Wadud’s and Talbi’s interpretations represent their respective hermeneutical situations and the way they define ontologically the nature of  interpretation and Qur’anic hermeneutics affect on producing the meanings of the verse.


Author(s):  
Abraham A. Singer

This chapter reviews the development of transaction cost economics and unpacks its theory of the firm. The chapter begins with the marginal revolution in economics and how it altered the way economists understood the corporation. It then reviews the work of Ronald Coase and Oliver Williamson, explaining how they provided a novel account of firms. Transaction cost economics emphasizes how firms use hierarchy and bureaucracy to overcome problems of opportunism and asset-specific investment to coordinate some types of economic activity more efficiently than markets can. The transaction cost account of the corporation’s productivity component is shown in tabular form in comparison with its historical forerunners reviewed in the previous chapter.


1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-291
Author(s):  
B. TOUATI ◽  
C. PLENCHETTE ◽  
M. TABI

In a pot-type experiment with ryegrass, 32P was used to label isotopically exchangeable soil phosphorus as well as a phosphate fertilizer. The tagging of both forms of phosphorus enable us to determine the pool (L) for soil reserves and the A value which is the availability of these reserves in the presence of fertilizer. The authors establish correlations between the ratio K = L/A and the assimilable phosphorus as determined by the Bray II method, and also between K and the "extra" phosphorus. The authors state that the latter was the difference between the plant phosphorus with and without fertilizer. From this study it is concluded: (1) that the K value seems to be a better criterion than the amount of assimilable phosphorus to estimate the phosphorus fertility of a soil; (2) that the study of the variation of the K value according to the soil types informs us about the reserves behavior and about the way of nutrition for the plant. The calculation of the K value is aimed toward a more adequate fertilization for given types of soil.


Author(s):  
Rolando Vazquez ◽  
Miriam Barrera Contreras

RESUMEN Hay que pensar la decolonialidad en relación a las artes. En esta entrevista exploramos cómo las artes decoloniales se diferencian de la estética moderna/colonial. La decolonización de la estética conlleva la liberación de a la aiesthesis, es decir de las formas de relacionarnos con el mundo y de hacer mundo a través de los sentidos. La aiesthesis decolonial se distingue de los principios del arte contemporáneo y en particular de su sujeción a la temporalidad moderna, abriéndonos hacia las temporalidades relacionales. Los artistas decoloniales ejercen una temporalidad distinta que conlleva no sólo una crítica radical al orden de la representación y de la visualidad modernas sino que también nos dan la posibilidad de entender a la decolonialidad cómo un movimiento cargado de esperanza, cargado de la posibilidad de nombrar y vivenciar los mundos interculturales que han sido negados. PALABRAS CLAVE Decolonialidad, tiempo relacional, esperanza, cuerpo, interculturalidad KAI SUTI AESTHESIS ÑAGPAMANDA KAUSAKUNA TUKUIKUNAWA TAPUCHI SUG RUNATA ROLANDO VÁSQUEZ SUTITA SUGLLAPI Kaipi kawachinakumi iska ruraikuna ñugpamanda chasallata kunaurramanda. Kai suti aiesthesis, kawachiku imasami pai kawa kawachimanda ukusinama paipa iuaikunawa. Aiesthesis kame tukuikunamanda sugrigcha.Lsx artistxs kawachinakumi ñugpamanda kausikuna munankuna kawachingapa charrami kausanakunchi parlanakumi ñugpata imasami mana lisinsiaskakuna allí ruraikuna tukuikunamanda. IMA SUTI RIMAI SIMI: Ñugpamanda, parlaikuna sullai, nukanchi kikin, tukuikuna. DECOLONIAL AESTHESIS AND THE RELATIONAL TIMES. INTERVIEW WITH ROLANDO VÁSQUEZ ABSTRACT We have to hink the decoloniality in relation with the arts. This interview explores the difference between the modern/colonial aesthetic and the decolonial arts. The aesthetic decolonization leads to the release of the aesthesis, ergo it relates in every way to the connection and creation of a world through the senses. The decolonial aesthesis is particularly different from the contemporary art principles in the way it grasps the modern temporality consenting the creation of a path toward relational temporalities. The decolonial artists exercise a different temporality that results in not only a radical criticism to the modern representation and visuality but it makes possible to understand the decolonialization as a hopeful movement, full of possibilities for naming and experiencing neglected intercultural worlds. KEYWORDS Decolonialization, relational time, hope, body, interculturality ESTEHÉSIE DÉCOLONIALE ET LE TEMPS RELATIONNELS. ENTRETIEN À ROLANDO VASQUEZ RÉSUMÉ Il faut penser la décolonisation en relation aux arts. Dans cet entretien on explore comment les arts décoloniaux sont différents de l’esthétique moderne-coloniale. La décolonisation de l’esthétique entraîne la libération de l’estehésie, c’est-à-dire, la libération des façons de nous mettre en relation avec le monde et d’en créer un nouveau à travers les sens. L’estehésie décoloniale se différence des principes de l’art contemporain, principalement pour son fixation à la modernité en nous emmenant vers les temporalités relationnelles. Les artistes décoloniaux exercent avec une temporalité qui n’implique pas juste une critique radicale à l’ordre de la représentation et de la vision moderne, mais aussi de la possibilité de comprendre la décolonisation comme un mouvement plein d’espoir, chargé d’une possibilité de nommer et de mettre en relief les interculturalités qu’ont été niées. MOTS-CLEFS Décolonisation, temps relationnels, espoir, corps, interculturalité ESTESIA DESCOLONIAL E O TEMPO RELACIONAL ENTREVISTA A ROLANDO VAZQUEZ RESUMO Temos que pensar a descolonização em relação as artes. Nesta entrevista é explorado como as artes descoloniais são diferentes da estética moderna-colonial. A descolonização da estética conduz a emancipação da estesia, isto é, das formas de relacionamento com o mundo e da fôrma de fazer mundo a partir dos sentidos. A estesia descolonial distinguese dos princípios da arte contemporânea particularmente pela fixação o tempo moderno, abrindo-nos para a temporalidades relacionales. Os artistas descoloniais exercem uma temporalidade diferente que implica não só uma crítica radical à ordem da representação e à visão moderna, mas também à possibilidade de entender a descolonização como um movimento cheio de esperança, carregado da possibilidade de designar e viver os mundos interculturais que foram negados. PALAVRAS CHAVES Descolonização, esperança, tempo relacional, fôrma, intercultural.   Recibido el 20 de enero de 2015 Aceptado el 26 de febrero de 2015


Author(s):  
Muhammad Syah Fibrika Ramadhan ◽  
Nisrina Anggi Syahputri

As the technology develop rapidly, people’s life is more convenient in many aspects. For instance, technology is facilitating the way people shop. In this day and age, people does not need to go to market to buy things they want as they can get it by online shopping. This way is certainly saving the time, the money as well because they do not need to pay the transportation cost. However, with the assistances that technology offered, not all people are overly dependent on technology. Some of them, mostly baby boomers gen, tend to life the old-fashioned way. This research aims to find out the difference among three generations, including baby boomers, millennials, and digital natives in their dependence on technology and how it affects their shopping behavior including the shopping objective, shopping frequency, deciding online or offline, shopping hour as well as brand choice. This study investigated about 138 persons, consisted of 30 (22%) baby boomers, 34 (25%) millennials, and 74 (53%) digital natives. The data were collected using the questionnaire consisted of 29 questions related to daily interaction to technology and shopping behavior. Oneway ANOVA was used to analyze the data. The result shows that among baby boomers, millennials, and digital natives have different responses of their technological dependence relating to shopping behavior. However, there is no significant difference among three generations. Each generation have different trait of shopping. Thus, the marketer should to know what kind of generation of their target in order to give the appropriate marketing.


2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Tania Intan ◽  
Muhamad Adji

This study discusses the reception of readers of the mega best-seller novel entitled Mariposa by Luluk HF. The purpose of this study is to (1) describe the reader's responses, (2) describe the horizon of readers' expectations, and (3) describe the factors that cause differences in responses and the horizon of expectations of readers of Mariposa's novel. The method applied is descriptive qualitative. This study uses a reception aesthetic approach that seeks to find consistent reception patterns as a reflection of the way the reader responds to the text. The research data consisted of texts containing the responses of twenty respondents from the data source in the form of the Goodreads reader site. The research results obtained are as follows. First, not all readers respond positively to the intrinsic elements of the novel, especially the characterization of the female protagonist who is considered to show aggressive behavior with a love motive. Second, most of the horizons of readers' expectations do not match the reality in Mariposa. Readings are generally motivated by curiosity because of the hyperbolic labeling of the novel, recommendations from friends, and the discourse of filming the novel. Third, the factors that cause the difference or suitability of the horizon of readers' expectations for the Mariposa novel are knowledge of literature, knowledge of life, and experience of reading literary works.


2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Muhammad Alfandi

<p class="IIABSBARU">This study is about the potential prejudice sparked internal conflict of Muslims, especially between the group Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) and the Council of Tafsir Al-Qur'an (MTA) in Surakarta. Lately there is a conflict between NU and the MTA congregation. MTA is questioned by NU in some areas because of the materials and methods of preaching/dakwah considered to be provocative and less likely to appreciate the difference fiqhiyah and abusive deeds done by NU. From the reason above, the conflict between these two Islamic organizations appeared. One of the triggers that caused the internal conflict among Muslims is the certain group of Muslims can not understand well the other religious groups, which have different ideological backgrounds; that it affects the way of thinking, behaving and acting that are different from themselves. As a result, the internal relations marred by religious conflict, caused by the internal religious prejudice. Similarly, the possibility that occurred among the group of NU and MTA.</p><p class="IKa-ABSTRAK">***</p>Penelitian ini adalah tentang potensi memicu prasangka konflik internal umat Islam, terutama antara kelompok Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) dan Majelis Tafsir Al-Qur'an (MTA) di Surakarta. Akhir-akhir ini ada konflik antara NU dan jemaat MTA. MTA dipertanyakan/diperdebatkan oleh NU di beberapa daerah karena bahan dan metode dakwah/dakwah dianggap/cenderung provokatif dan cenderung tidak menghargai perbedaan <em>fiqhiyah</em> dengan perbuatan kasar yang dilakukan oleh NU. Dari alasan di atas, konflik antara kedua organisasi Islam telah terjadi/ muncul. Salah satu pemicu yang menyebabkan konflik internal di kalangan umat Islam adalah kelompok tertentu umat Islam tidak bisa memahami dengan baik kelompok agama lain, yang memiliki latar belakang ideologi yang berbeda, se­hingga mempengaruhi cara berpikir, bersikap dan bertindak yang berbeda dari diri mereka sendiri. Akibatnya, hubungan internal yang dirusak oleh konflik agama, disebabkan oleh prasangka keagamaan internal. Demikian pula, ke­mungkin­an yang terjadi di antara kelompok NU dan MTA.


2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Wojciech Giza

The presented study includes an analysis of the category of “good” on the basis of philosophy and economics. Particular attention was paid here to the factors determining the monetary value (price) of an economic good. While achieving the assumed objective of the research, answers to the following questions were sought: What is the difference, therefore, in the interpretation of good as an axiological category and good which economics deals with? What is the basis for the valuation of goods which are the subject of economic analysis? While seeking answers to these questions, an attempt was made to justify the thesis according to which contemporary understanding of the way the market valuates goods is limited to accepting the price understood as a variable representing a kind of relationship set in a given time period.


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