Catching Up or Developing Differently? Techno-Institutional Learning with a Sustainable Planet in Mind

2021 ◽  
pp. 305-330
Author(s):  
Tilman Altenburg
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Economic Paradigm ◽  
Institutional Learning

Developing as a latecomer country is tricky. It implies competing with established production systems that benefit from know-how, economies of scale, and network externalities accumulated over decades. It is thus unsurprising that very few countries have been able to close the technological and income gap. Those that did, like South Korea and China, started by inviting foreign investors, buying licenses, and emulating the early movers’ proven business models until they had enough capabilities to chart their own pathways and become wealthy knowledge societies—and role models for other latecomers. Global warming and other major environmental crises, however, reveal the unsustainability of a techno-economic paradigm based on burning fossil fuel and maximization of material throughput and consumption. Hence, latecomers can no longer build on emulating technologies and institutions, but need to start deviating from established practices early on. Still, the successful country cases hold important policy lessons for them.

Emerging Industrial Revolution: Symbiosis of Industry 4.0 and Circular Economy: The Role of Universities

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seeram Ramakrishna ◽  
Alfred Ngowi ◽  
Henk De Jager ◽  
Bankole O. Awuzie
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Jobs

Growing consumerism and population worldwide raises concerns about society’s sustainability aspirations. This has led to calls for concerted efforts to shift from the linear economy to a circular economy (CE), which are gaining momentum globally. CE approaches lead to a zero-waste scenario of economic growth and sustainable development. These approaches are based on semi-scientific and empirical concepts with technologies enabling 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle) and 6Rs (reuse, recycle, redesign, remanufacture, reduce, recover). Studies estimate that the transition to a CE would save the world in excess of a trillion dollars annually while creating new jobs, business opportunities and economic growth. The emerging industrial revolution will enhance the symbiotic pursuit of new technologies and CE to transform extant production systems and business models for sustainability. This article examines the trends, availability and readiness of fourth industrial revolution (4IR or industry 4.0) technologies (for example, Internet of Things [IoT], artificial intelligence [AI] and nanotechnology) to support and promote CE transitions within the higher education institutional context. Furthermore, it elucidates the role of universities as living laboratories for experimenting the utility of industry 4.0 technologies in driving the shift towards CE futures. The article concludes that universities should play a pivotal role in engendering CE transitions.

scholarly journals The Italian Wine Sector: Evolution, Structure, Competitiveness and Future Challenges of an Enduring Leader

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenio Pomarici ◽  
Alessandro Corsi ◽  
Simonetta Mazzarino ◽  
Roberta Sardone
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Italian Wine ◽  
Diamond Model ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Wine Sector ◽  
European Policies ◽  
Average Size

AbstractThe Italian wine supply chain has performed well in recent decades both in terms of profitability and success on the domestic and international markets. This is despite the fact that it is fragmented in terms of products, prices and consumption context, and, in particular, despite the fact that it is characterised by an organisation that hinders the full exploitation of economies of scale. This paradox has not been investigated in literature. We propose several elements in support of the hypothesis that the Italian wine sector’s success is linked to favourable elements of the Porter Diamond Model (5 out of 6) but also to the “district” nature of a large part of the sector. The presence of numerous networks, some of which are formal and others informal, gives most Italian local production systems specialising in grapes and wine the characteristics of industrial districts, due to the local social capital that is stratified there. These networks include operators such as Cooperatives and Consorzi di Tutela, upstream and downstream industries and services, tourism, research and educational bodies. Such networks can overcome the weakness represented by the low concentration and small average size of the operators. To support this hypothesis, we analyse the historical evolution of the sector and its drivers, the structural features of the different phases of the wine chain (grape growing, winemaking, bottling and distribution), the market relationships within the chain and the national and European policies favouring the sector. This analysis also underlines the differences between the Italian sector and its competitors from the Old and New World.

Governance of differential stakeholder interests in supply chains and networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.F.M. Wubben ◽  
H.J. Bremmers ◽  
P.T.M. Ingenbleek ◽  
A.E.J. Wals
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Stakeholder Management ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Stakeholder Dialogue ◽  
Stakeholder Interests ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
The Impact

Competing frames and interests regarding food provision and resource allocation, adding to the increased global interdependencies, necessitate agri-food companies and institutions to engage themselves in very diverse multi-stakeholder settings. To develop new forms of interaction, and governance, researchers with very different backgrounds in social sciences try to align, or at least share, research trajectories. This first paper in a special issue on governance of differential stakeholder interests discusses, first, different usages of stakeholder categories, second, the related intersubjectivity in sciences, third, an rough sketch of the use of stakeholder management in different social sciences. Social science researchers study a wide variety of topics, such as individual stakeholder impact on new business models, stakeholder group responses to health claims, firm characteristics explaining multi-stakeholder dialogue, and the impact of multi-stakeholder dialogue on promoting production systems, and on environmental innovations. Interestingly, researchers use very different methods for data gathering and data analysis.

Textile-based solutions in architecture for a sustainable future

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
Uwe Merklein
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Life Testing ◽  
Pilot Projects ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Green Business

Challenges in the context of global megatrends, such as global warming, endangerment of global ecosystems or the consequences of the enormous population increase, will have to be faced in the coming decades. New, unconventional solution approaches to protect the environment and resources will be portrayed with the aid of selected examples – with the use of textile materials for architecture in sustainable urban development taking ecology, economics, as well as socio-cultural factors into consideration. ‘Lighthouses’ in the form of ecological pilot projects to also show the technical and creative advantages of textiles, enabling real-life testing of innovations for more sustainability, raise awareness and enhance the recognition and acceptance of ‘Green Business Models’.

Girls Building Androids and Robots

2018 ◽  
pp. 35-64
Author(s):  
Maya Götz ◽  
Diana Iulia Nastasia ◽  
J. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Educational Television ◽  
The United States ◽  
Children's Television ◽  
Television Programs ◽  
Central Institute ◽  
Reception Study ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Insight Into

There is still a considerable degree of catching up to do in regards to fostering gender equality within areas of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math). Children's leading medium, television, could offer role models of girls with competence in STEM areas, but unfortunately television programs often miss this chance. The children's television series Annedroids is a notable exception. This chapter provides insight into how children can be educated about gender equality in STEM with the aid of gender-sensitive media programs such as Annedroids. The chapter examines data from a reception study which was conducted under the leadership of the International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) with 6- to 12-year-old children in the United States and Canada (N = 301). The research is enhanced by a conversation between Dr. Maya Götz, Head of IZI; Dr. Diana Nastasia, a contributor to the IZI research; and J. J. Johnson, the program's creator.

Contemporary IT-Assisted Retail Management

2011 ◽  
pp. 737-743
Author(s):  
Herbert Kotzab
Keyword(s):  
Inventory Management ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Marketing Channel ◽  
Home Delivery ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Retail Management ◽  
Functional Understanding

Retailing can be defined in two ways, either as a set of functions that adds value to products/services that are sold to end users (functional understanding of retailing) or as a specific institution within a marketing channel that executes retail functions (institutional understanding). The functional view explains retailing as an exchange activity in order to connect a point of production with a point of consumption. These exchange processes refer to (see Kotzab & Bjerre, 2005): • Marketing processes, including all activities that provide a customized set of products/services as demanded by customers/consumers (which is basically known as offering a customer-oriented assortment in terms of quality and quantity) • Logistics processes, including all activities that help to transfer this specific set of products/services to the markets (such as transportation, breaking bulk and inventory management) • Assisting processes, which refer to all activities that facilitate a purchase (such as credit function, promotion or advice function). The orchestration of these functions leads to various types of retail formats such as store-based retailers (e.g., hypermarkets or category killers), non-store-based retailers (e.g., mail-order retailing or electronic commerce) and hybrid retailers (e.g., home delivery services) (Coughlan et al., 2006). Retailing plays a vital role in today’s economy, but many retailing companies face economic pressure as they operate predominantly in mature and stagnant markets (e.g. Seth & Randall, 2001). In order to face these specific challenges, retailing companies adapt strategies that allow them to gain economies of scale by offering highly customized solutions to their customers (see Table 1). These strategies are built upon the latest developments in information technology (IT) and are therefore called IT-assisted retail management strategies. The following chapter presents an overview to contemporary IT-based retail business models and frameworks that show how IT has created a new mandate for retail management. IT is defined here as the hardware and software that collects, transmits, processes and circulates pictorial, vocal, textual and numerical data/information (e.g., Hansen & Neumann, 2005; Chaffey, 2004).

Industry 4.0 and Sustainability

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-84
Author(s):  
Sibel Yildiz Çankaya ◽  
Bülent Sezen
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Business ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Industrial Revolutions ◽  
New Business Models

Modern industry developed over several centuries and three industrial revolutions. Today, we experience the fourth era of the industrial revolution, Industry 4.0. The advance of industrialization brought along many problems, including environmental pollution, global warming, and depletion of natural resources. As a result, the concept of sustainability began to gain importance. Sustainability can be achieved through a balance between economic, social, and environmental processes. In order to establish such balance, businesses need new business models or insights. At this point, Industry 4.0 can be regarded as a new business mindset that will help businesses and communities move towards sustainable development. The technologies used by Industry 4.0 bear a strong promise to solve these problems, after all. Even though Industry 4.0 attracts a lot of attention lately, few works are available on its impact on sustainability. This chapter examines the impact of Industry 4.0 on sustainability.

A Review of Alternative Economic Approaches to Achieve Sustainable Development

2022 ◽  
pp. 288-307
Author(s):  
Seda Yildirim ◽  
Isil Demirtas ◽  
Durmus Cagri Yildirim
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Development Goals

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the progress in 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, and policymakers have been challenged with the implications of conventional economic system in the market. At this point, it can be said that the adoption of the best alternative economic and business model for the marketplace is the new phenomenon during the COVID-19 pandemic. Accordingly, alternative economic and business models can reduce the carbon emission, environmental pollution, and global warming, but there is a still dark point in solving social issues globally. This study aims to give a brief framework for alternative economic and business models in the context of sustainability. This study presents the links between 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, digital economy, and de-growth. In other words, this chapter focuses on digital economy (digitalization) and degrowth model (degrowing). Accordingly, it is thought to give an up-to-date work for achieving sustainable development after the COVID-19 pandemic in the long term.

Role of Planning in Modernization Development: Evidence of the Republic of Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-214
Author(s):  
Alla Rassadina
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Technological Transformation ◽  
Technological Basis ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Technological Modernization ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

Active application of modern digital technologies is impossible without creating high technological basis for Russia’s economy, capable of effective implementation of such technologies. These processes assume the implementation of radical structural and technological modernization conversions applying different planning methods within the framework of state industrial policy. The most expressed forms of planning have been used by developed and «catching-up» economies primarily during radical modernization reforms. In this context, appealing to overseas planning experience seems to be of great interest. On the basis of foreign experts’ estimates, the author analyses the main directions in planning during the period of accelerated industrial-technological transformation in South Korea in the context of its possible use in Russia’s technological modernization. The experience of planning in South Korea is of special interest because it demonstrates the transformation in planning functions and methods according to the changes in socio-economic situation in the country and modernization goals set by the Government at different stages of development.

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