Second Moments of Rain

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilya Polyak
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Diffusion Equation ◽  
Rain Rate ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Rate Data ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
The North ◽  
Toga Coare ◽  
Advection Velocity ◽  
Rain Data

The first part of this chapter presents a description of the GATE rain rate data (Polyak and North, 1995), its two-dimensional spectral and correlation characteristics, and multivariate models. Such descriptions have made it possible to show the concentration of significant power along the frequency axis in the spatial-temporal spectra; to detect a diurnal cycle (a range of variation of which is about 3.4 to 5.4 mm/hr); to study the anisotropy (as the result of the distinction between the north-south and east-west transport of rain) of spatial rain rate fields; to evaluate the scales of the distinction between second-moment estimates associated with ground and satellite samples; to determine the appropriate spatial and temporal scales of the simple linear stochastic models fitted to averaged rain rate fields; and to evaluate the mean advection velocity of the rain rate fluctuations. The second part of this chapter (adapted from Polyak et al., 1994) is mainly devoted to the diffusion of rainfall (from PRE-STORM experiment) by associating the multivariate autoregressive model parameters and the diffusion equation coefficients. This analysis led to the use of rain data to estimate rain advection velocity as well as other coefficients of the diffusion equation of the corresponding field. The results obtained can be used in the ground truth problem for TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) satellite observations, for comparison with corresponding estimates of other sources of data (TOGA-COARE, or simulated by physical, models), for generating multiple rain samples of any size, and in some other areas of rain data analysis and modeling. For many years, the GATE data base has served as the richest and most accurate source of rain observations. Dozens of articles presenting the results of the GATE rain rate data analysis and modeling have been published, and more continue to be released. Recently, a new, valuable set of rain data was produced as a result of the TOGA-COARE experiment. In a few years, it will be possible to obtain satellite (TRMM) rain information, and a rain statistical description will be needed in the analysis of the observations obtained on an irregular spatial and temporal grid.

Main Characteristics of Vietnam–China Trade Relations, 2000–15

China Report ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-366
Author(s):  
Ngo Xuan Binh
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Imbalance ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Export Structure ◽  
The North ◽  
China Trade ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Import And Export ◽  
The Relationship

Entering the 21st century, trade relations between Vietnam and China have grown strongly, making positive contributions to the economic development of the two countries. However, the relationship in the period 2000–15 also witnessed a number of thorny issues such as a serious trade imbalance against Vietnam, the ‘North to South’ nature in the import and export structure of the two countries, Vietnam’s growing dependence on bilateral trade with China, and so on. These issues have affected negatively Vietnam’s economy. Based on data analysis, the author identifies the key characteristics of trade relations between Vietnam and China and highlights possible solutions for Vietnam to move its trade relations with China in a more balanced direction.

scholarly journals Causes and consequences of facultative sea crossing in a soaring migrant

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Becciu ◽  
Shay Rotics ◽  
Nir Horvitz ◽  
Michael Kaatz ◽  
Wolfgang Fiedler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flapping Flight ◽  
Transport Cost ◽  
List Type ◽  
Route Selection ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
The North ◽  
Related Energy ◽  
White Storks

AbstractStudying the causes and consequences of route selection in animal migration is important for understanding the evolution of migratory systems and how they may be affected by environmental factors at various spatial and temporal scales. One key decision during migration is whether to cross “high transport cost” areas, or to circumvent them. Soaring birds may face this choice when encountering waterbodies where convective updrafts are weak or scarce. Crossing these waterbodies requires flying using energetically costly flapping flight, while circumventing them over land permits energetically cheap soaring.We tested how several atmospheric factors (e.g., wind, thermal uplift) and geographic, seasonal and state-related factors (sex and age) affected route selection in migrating white storks (Ciconia ciconia). We used 196 GPS tracks of 70 individuals either crossing or circumventing the north-easternmost section of the Mediterranean Sea, over Iskenderun Bay in southern Turkey.We found that westward and southward winds promoted a cross-bay journey in spring and autumn, respectively, acting as tailwinds. Also, overall weaker winds promoted a sea crossing in spring. Sea crossing was associated with flapping flight and higher values of Overall Dynamic Body Acceleration (ODBA) and resulted in higher ground speed than travel over land.The combined environmental conditions and the effects of route selection on movement-related energy costs and speed were likely responsible for an increase in the time spent flying and distance travelled of migrating storks that decided to cross the bay during spring. Notably, daily travel distances of spring migrants crossing the bay were 60 kilometres longer than those of land-detouring birds, allowing them to reach their destination faster but likely incurring a higher energetic flight cost. No such benefit was found during autumn.Our findings confirm that atmospheric conditions can strongly affect bird route selection. Consequently, migration timing, speed and movement-related energy expenditure differed considerably between the two migratory seasons and the two route choices, highlighting a time-energy trade-off in the migration of white storks.

scholarly journals Cervical cancer prognosis and diagnosis using electrical impedance spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-162
Author(s):  
Ping Li ◽  
Peter E. Highfield ◽  
Zi-Qiang Lang ◽  
Darren Kell
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Tissue Structure ◽  
Classification Models

Abstract Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been used as an adjunct to colposcopy for cervical cancer diagnosis for many years, Currently, the template match method is employed for EIS measurements analysis, where the measured EIS spectra are compared with the templates generated from three-dimensional finite element (FE) models of cancerous and non-cancerous cervical tissue, and the matches between the measured EIS spectra and the templates are then used to derive a score that indicates the association strength of the measured EIS to the High-Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (HG CIN). These FE models can be viewed as the computational versions of the associated physical tissue models. In this paper, the problem is revisited with an objective to develop a new method for EIS data analysis that might reveal the relationship between the change in the tissue structure due to disease and the change in the measured spectrum. This could provide us with important information to understand the histopathological mechanism that underpins the EIS-based HG CIN diagnostic decision making and the prognostic value of EIS for cervical cancer diagnosis. A further objective is to develop an alternative EIS data processing method for HG CIN detection that does not rely on physical models of tissues so as to facilitate extending the EIS technique to new medical diagnostic applications where the template spectra are not available. An EIS data-driven method was developed in this paper to achieve the above objectives, where the EIS data analysis for cervical cancer diagnosis and prognosis were formulated as the classification problems and a Cole model-based spectrum curve fitting approach was proposed to extract features from EIS readings for classification. Machine learning techniques were then used to build classification models with the selected features for cervical cancer diagnosis and evaluation of the prognostic value of the measured EIS. The interpretable classification models were developed with real EIS data sets, which enable us to associate the changes in the observed EIS and the risk of being HG CIN or developing HG CIN with the changes in tissue structure due to disease. The developed classification models were used for HG CIN detection and evaluation of the prognostic value of EIS and the results demonstrated the effectiveness of the developed method. The method developed is of long-term benefit for EIS–based cervical cancer diagnosis and, in conjunction with standard colposcopy, there is the potential for the developed method to provide a more effective and efficient patient management strategy for clinic practice.

scholarly journals INTENSITAS CAHAYA ALAMI PADA RUANG KELAS PERKULIAHAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Muh. Awaluddin Hamdy ◽  
Nurul Jamala ◽  
Ramli Rahim ◽  
Baharuddin Hamzah ◽  
Rosady Mulyadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Quantitative Research Methods ◽  
The North ◽  
Energy Efficient Buildings ◽  
Building Facade ◽  
Human Labor

Title: Natural Light Intensity Analysis in Classroom; Case Study: Classroom at Bosowa University Lighting is an important part of buildings in supporting the productivity of human labor. Insufficient lighting can interfere with human activities and could cause health problems, like eye disorders. Building design must consider the functions and needs so that residents can feel comfortable. Good lighting levels can be achieved by utilizing natural and artificial lighting. The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of illumination in a room that is directly related to the openings of the building envelope and to analyze the different levels of illumination in classrooms with different orientations. Quantitative research methods by distributing measurement data in the form of tables, diagrams and graphs. Data analysis was performed using statistics and data analysis techniques, the results of the measurement were statistically descriptive. This study analyzed the differences in the level of illumination in the northern orientation and southern orientation classrooms. Based on the results of the analysis it can be concluded that the orientation of the building affects the level of illumination in the room. During the day the level of illumination is higher in the direction of orientation north than the direction of orientation south, especially the measurement point in the area close to the openings of the building envelope, but in this study the direction of classroom orientation towards the south is higher the level of illumination compared to the north orientation classrooms. This is understood by the treatment of building glass sheaths in the north orientation direction in the form of the use of frosted glass wallpaper, so it can be concluded that changes to the building facade affect the level of room illumination. The results of this study are expected to be a reference in building facade concepts and designing energy-efficient buildings.

scholarly journals Determination of Rock Type Using Hydraulic Flow Unit Concept to Predict Permeability with Artificial Neural Network

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghanima Yasmaniar ◽  
Ratnayu Sitaresmi ◽  
Suryo Prakoso
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Rock Type ◽  
Flow Unit ◽  
West Java ◽  
North West ◽  
Hydraulic Flow ◽  
Core Data ◽  
The North

<em>Permeability is one of the important of reservoir characteristics, but is difficult to predict it. The accurate permeability values can be obtained from core data analysis, but it is not possible to do at all of the well intervals in the field. This study used 191 sandstone core samples from the Upper Cibulakan Formation in the North West Java Basin. The concept of HFU (Hydraulic Flow Unit) developed by Kozeny-Carman is used to generate the relationship between porosity and permeability for each rock type. Afterward, to estimate the permeability value at uncored intervals, the statistical methods of artificial neural network based on log data are used on G-19 Well, G Field which is located in the North West Java Basin. Based on core data analysis from this research, the reservoir consists of eight HFU with different equations to estimate permeability for each HFU. From this reserarch, the results of permeability calculations at uncored intervals are not much different from the core data at the same depth. Therefore the approach of permeability prediction can be used to determine the value of permeability without performing core data analysis so that it can save the company expenses.</em>

scholarly journals Coding and data analysis during qualitative empirical research in Practical Theology

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Petria M. Theron
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Practical Theology ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Qualitative Empirical Research ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Practical Theological

I dedicate this article to Prof. George Lotter, who has been instrumental in the formation of more than 90 postgraduate students in practical theological studies at the North-West University (NWU). Under his guidance, a significant amount of empirical research has been conducted. This is in line with a movement among scholars, both national and international, towards a more empirical approach in Practical Theology. It is therefore indispensable that both lecturers and students in Practical Theology should further develop their empirical research capacities. In this article, it is argued for a more systematic approach during the coding and data analysis phase of qualitative research and the article concludes with a proposed model for coding and data analysis in practical theological studies.Kodering en data-analise tydens kwalitatiewe empiriese navorsing in Praktiese Teologie. Hierdie artikel word aan prof. George Lotter opgedra. Deur die jare was hy instrumenteel in die vorming van meer as 90 nagraadse studente in Praktiese Teologie by die Noord-Wes Universiteit (NWU). Baie empiriese navorsing het onder sy leiding plaasgevind. Dit is in ooreenstemming met die nasionale en internasionale tendens van ’n meer empiriese benadering in Praktiese Teologie. Dit is dus van die uiterste belang dat Praktiese Teologie-dosente en -studente se vaardighede in empiriese navorsing verder ontwikkel moet word. In hierdie artikel word aangetoon dat ’n meer sistematiese benadering gevolg moet word tydens die kodering en die data-analisefase van kwalitatiewe navorsing. ’n Model vir die kodering en data-analise vir navorsing in Praktiese Teologie word ook voorgestel.

Non-uniform discharges of contaminants in shear flows

1982 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 71-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Smith
Keyword(s):  
Shear Flow ◽  
Diffusion Equation ◽  
Variable Coefficient ◽  
Shear Flows ◽  
Dispersion Process ◽  
Important Improvement ◽  
Advection Velocity

For a non-uniform discharge of contaminant in a shear flow the initial advection velocity and the amount of shear across the contaminant cloud depend upon the discharge shape across the flow. Here i t is shown how the continuing influence of the discharge non-uniformity can be incorporated into a delay-diffusion description of the dispersion process (Smith 198 1). An important improvement over the variable coefficient diffusion equation derived by Gill 85 Sankarasubramanian (1971) is that the solutions have the physically correct superposition property.

scholarly journals Analisa Denyut Jantung Menggunakan Aplikasi Mobile Self Integrated BioInformatics System

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Rani Purbaningtyas
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Professional Status ◽  
Case Based Reasoning ◽  
Cardiovascular Disorders ◽  
Rate Data ◽  
Heart Rate Data ◽  
Case Based ◽  
Heart Condition

Heart disease is still ranked first in the WHO most dangerous and deadly disease in the world. This is also influenced by the individual's reluctance to check his heart condition routinely. So we need an application that is able to help overcome this. SIBioS application is a mobile-based application that functions to analyze heart rate. SIBioS is useful to help with the initial diagnosis of the presence or absence of cardiovascular disorders in individuals. The method applied for data analysis in SIBioS applications is case-based reasoning. Each heart rate data obtained will be calculated the degree of closeness of the distance to the heart rate contained in the knowledge base owned. So that the individual's heart rate can be informed. The test results show SIBioS is able to provide information about the status of the heart condition tester in accordance with the real condition of the tester at the time of measurement. In addition to using the right data analysis method, the results of heart rate data analysis are also influenced by the smartwatch device which is used as a media for tapping heart rate data, gender, age, daily physical activity, individual professional status, and supporting factors when measuring the resting heart rate. Case-based reasoning analysis methods can be applied to heart rate analysis to determine the condition of a person's heart under normal conditions or the presence of cardiovascular disorders. The physical activity recommendations given by the system are determined based on the individual's heart condition.

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