Gender “Neutral” Hiring Processes

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-92
Author(s):  
Katie Lauve-Moon
Keyword(s):  
Pastoral Leadership ◽  
Senior Pastors ◽  
Hiring Decisions ◽  
Job Market ◽  
Senior Pastor ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Career Trajectories ◽  
Gender Biases ◽  
Gender Neutral ◽  
Hiring Criteria

Chapter 3 examines congregational hiring processes, which are most often perceived by congregants as “gender neutral.” This chapter draws on interview data to reveal hiring committees’ aversion to an “affirmative action” approach and shows that their failure to recognize the gendered hurdles faced by women prior to the job market actually results in masculinized hiring processes rather than gender-neutral ones and reinforces sexist hiring decisions. It also explores the conscious and unconscious gender biases of hiring committee members, which inevitably play a role in hiring decisions. Specifically, this chapters highlights congregants’ preferred hiring criteria, which are commonly understood as “gender neutral,” and shows how these seemingly neutral preferences actually result in unequal outcomes for women. For instance, while hiring senior pastors, congregations often preferred younger pastors who also have senior pastor or associate pastor experience. Some congregants also preferred pastors with direct and clear career trajectories. These seeming gender-neutral preferences disproportionately advantage men because women often connect with their callings and find opportunities for professional development later in life as a result of the gendered hurdles they face on their ways to the job market. This chapter further explores congregants’ unconscious gender biases, which often assumed men and women to be different but equal. However, congregants failed to understand how these assumed differences ultimately advantaged men in the pursuit of pastoral leadership.

Management Education in India: Issues & Challenges

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Kumar Malviya
Keyword(s):  
Management Education ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Quality Education ◽  
Job Market ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Education In India ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
Management Institutions ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Positive Effect

Management education attracts young men and women, who are usually motivated by the positive consequences. There are more than 3,500 management schools in India, but all of them are not capable of providing quality education. In the last decade a number of B- Schools opened up, because people involved in this industry consider it as the easiest way to make money. But in the last 3 to 4 years, a large number of Business-schools find it difficult to fill complete intake capacity of their MBA or PGDM programs (except top B-schools). The major reason of this downfall was the effect of recession (worse conditions of job market). Prior to that, management education had very positive effect among youths, but now the scenario has changed and the young graduates are going for other courses instead of MBA. About two thousand B-schools have empty MBA or PGDM seats. Interest of applicants is missing, even after heavy expenses on advertisements, seminars, education fairs etc. Recession, in reality, has lot more things for the management institutions to learn and act for the future. It is necessary for Indian B- Schools to make management education context specific. This paper tries to explore the present situation of management education in India. This paper also studies the trends prevailing in management education in India, and also tries to find out the implications of it on the industry and on the individuals. Further, it tries to study emerging issues of management education, and to find implementation of possible direction and policy towards improvement of management education in India.

Context in Selection of Men and Women in Hiring Decisions: Gender Composition of the Applicant Pool

2005 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jos Van Ommeren ◽  
Giovanni Russo ◽  
Reinout E. De Vries ◽  
Mark Van Ommeren
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Job Applicants ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Gender Composition ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Hiring Decisions ◽  
Sex Composition ◽  
Applicant Pool ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Selection Of

The hypothesis that the sex composition of an applicant pool affects the hiring probabilities of individual job applicants was tested using gender-distinctive information on accepted and rejected job applicants in The Netherlands. The evidence supports this hypothesis, although the effect sizes are moderate. Both men and women have a lower probability of being hired when the applicant pool contains fewer applicants from their own sex.

Gender and Social Security: Some Lessons from Europe

2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Charlotte Ståhlberg
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Sickness Benefit ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Dual Earner ◽  
The Family ◽  
Gender Neutral ◽  
The Individual

Different social security schemes affect men and women differently. This article compares the family or single earner model with the individual or dual earner model and examines their impact on gender inequality. However, even where social security schemes are designed to be gender neutral, when applied in a context that is systematically structured by gender, it points out that they will have a different impact on men and women. The article examines the ways in which supposedly gender-neutral rules, in sickness benefit, survivors' pensions and old age pensions have affected men and women in Sweden and concludes that, if countries wish to achieve equal economic outcomes for men and women, they will need to introduce measures to equalise men's and women's commitments to the home and the labour market, and to enable women to attain higher-paid jobs on the same basis as men.

scholarly journals Depiction of Gender in American Headway Series

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Mohammad Amin Mozaheb
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Gender Representations ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
Gender Biases ◽  
The Common

A great number of researchers interested in designing and producing EFL/ESL materials believe that gender roles and representations can motivate students while learning a foreign language such as English. This comes while some scholars believe that gender representations can hinder the learning process. Ever since the day EFL/ESL experts have determined the significance of gender in EFL/ESL textbooks, a number of studies have been conducted to uncover the prejudices and biases inserted in EFL materials. Linked to previous research articles and studies, the present study aims to investigate how social gender identity is defined through adjectives and photos used in American Headway 5 published by Oxford University Press in 2016. To obtain the objective of the study, the common adjectives used in the conversation section of the American Headway 5 have been detected and counted. Then they were presented in related tables utilizing frequencies. Additionally, the photos all extracted from the book have been tested against gender biases and prejudices. The findings of the study reveal that American Headway 5attempts to demonstrate both men and women equally, albeit some instances of biases have been detected in the pictures. The findings of the current research can be used by materials developers, syllabus designers as well as EFL/ESL practitioners.

scholarly journals The Ginevra de’ Benci Effect: Competence, Morality, and Attractiveness Inferred From Faces Predict Hiring Decisions for Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Menegatti ◽  
Sara Pireddu ◽  
Elisabetta Crocetti ◽  
Silvia Moscatelli ◽  
Monica Rubini
Keyword(s):  
Da Vinci ◽  
Leonardo Da Vinci ◽  
Hiring Decisions ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Hiring Decision ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Attractive Face

The present study examined the role of morality, competence, and attractiveness as perceived from faces in predicting hiring decisions for men and women. Results showed that for both female and male applicants, facial competence significantly predicted the hiring decision directly and indirectly, through the mediation of the overall impression. Decisions concerning female applicants were, however, significantly predicted by multiple dimensions—that is, facial morality, facial competence, and attractiveness—with the mediation of the overall impression. Facial competence was the only significant predictor of impression and, in turn, hiring decision about men. These findings resonate the motto Virtutem forma decorat, “Beauty adorns virtue,” painted by Leonardo da Vinci on the reverse side of the portrait of Ginevra de’ Benci, and suggest that women’s chances of getting a job are less than those of men whenever they do not show a moral and competent and attractive face.

Why research is needed in women entrepreneurship in India: a viewpoint

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1042-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sucheta Agarwal ◽  
Usha Lenka
Keyword(s):  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Women Entrepreneurship ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gender Biases ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Government

Purpose The spirit of entrepreneurship among nationals of a country leads and contributes significantly to the growth process of a country. In this drive, there cannot be gender biases among men and women. The government in India has taken several initiatives to increase the participation of women entrepreneurs and, thus, making a partner to the growth and development process of the country. The initiatives in this direction were taken up through five-year development policy plans commencing from the fifth five-year plan (1974-1978). The focus of five-year plans since then has been reoriented toward women welfare stressing more specifically on women empowerment through women entrepreneurship programs. The purpose of this paper is to appraise the series of development plans and programs initiated for the empowerment of women entrepreneurship in India. Design/methodology/approach The paper is developed based on the concepts, policies and practices being implemented across the regions to promote women entrepreneurs. The methodology adopted to assess and analyze the relevant components very much matches the existing practices. The paper relates the concepts, programs and practices. This study has revealed certain issues based on the available data and information on women entrepreneurship to establish a view and rational as of why research is needed in the area of women entrepreneurship. To support this concept, the study has considered the experiences of two important states of India, namely, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand. Findings The study reveals that Government of India has launched several policies and development programs to infuse the spirit of entrepreneurship among the women groups and thereby not only making them financially self-sustained but also to contribute to the growth process of the economy. However, there remain many gaps in achieving the goals due to the variety of factors. This becomes more significant as the level of women entrepreneurship in India is very low as compared to other economies and also between the men and women entrepreneurs within the country. The study brings out the need and importance for the future research in the area of women entrepreneurship and thereby exploring the areas of concern and bringing out needed improvements to strengthen the women entrepreneurship programs and policies. Originality/value This research provides a future direction to the academicians, researchers and policymakers to provide a framework to reorient the programs and policies for the cause of women entrepreneurship growth in India. The paper very much emphasis that the research findings will have influence on government policies and serve as an effective tool for implementation of state programs meant for woman entrepreneurs more effectively and efficiently. The ultimate impact of research findings will be an economic change in the quality of life of woman enterprise in the society.

Through the Eyes of the Beholder

2015 ◽  
pp. 195-215
Author(s):  
Nonofo Constance Losike-Sedimo
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Elderly Woman ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Value System ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Gender Biases ◽  
The Right

This chapter presents experiences of an elderly woman living in Africa from a Feminist theoretical perspective. Feminism is a theory that argues that men and women should be treated equally, politically, economically and socially. It includes sensitivity to all sorts of gender biases such as excluding voices of women in life debates. The aim of this chapter is to map the challenges and constraints posed by patriarchal value system, as it relates to the right to reproduction, child rearing practices and legal connotation, the discussion also includes opportunities in socio-cultural, Educational, economic and political participation. These experiences are situated in both public and private life. As the author wrote this narrative of her experiences, she went through major literature sources and could only locate a few relevant sources with similar narrations.

Understanding Gender Identities and Food Preferences to Increase the Consumption of a Plant-Based Diet With Heuristics

2019 ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Estela Seabra
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
American Government ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Gender Biases ◽  
Sustainable Diet ◽  
Food Market ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Cultural Roles

This chapter discerns existent food preferences and their correlation with women and men, and gender biases, in America. It then proposes a strategy to test the most efficient heuristics to nudge those more averse to a plant-based, sustainable diet. By understanding how negative biases can be reversed through the application of behavioral economics, the plant-based industry and American government can most effectively build marketing procedures to be employed in campaigns, menus, packaging, and media to portray sustainable diets as appealing for men and women, and important for environmental wellbeing. The study recognizes and navigates the irrationality of human preferences as actors in the food market. By accounting for gender norms, cultural roles, and subconscious behavior, it will effectively produce insight on the best heuristical approaches to cognitively orchestrate a wider acceptance, and consequent consumption, of plant-based foods.

Gender in Mock Hiring Decisions

1996 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Foster ◽  
Sherry Dingman ◽  
Jessica Muscolino ◽  
Michael A. Jankowski
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Job Analysis ◽  
Role Playing ◽  
Human Resource Managers ◽  
Hiring Decisions ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Business Courses ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
Gender Specific

On the basis of reviewing three resumés, 80 college students (44 women, 36 men), role-playing as human resource managers, were asked to recommend a candidate for a sales position at a brokerage firm. The apparent gender of candidates for the position was manipulated by assigning names that were gender-ambiguous or gender-specific to a given resumé. Students were asked to select one of three candidates: (1) the most qualified, (2) the less qualified for whom gender was ambiguous, or (3) the less qualified who differed in gender from the most qualified. Students were also asked to select a second candidate for an interview for the job. Analysis indicated both men and women favored their own gender. Only 56% of these college students who were enrolled in psychology and business courses, which should serve as some foundation for a career in human resources, actually selected the most qualified applicant.

Two Women, One Man: Knowledge, Power, and Gender in Medieval Sunni Legal Thought

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Fadel
Keyword(s):  
Belief System ◽  
Empirical Science ◽  
Neutral System ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Core ◽  
Fatima Mernissi ◽  
Gender Neutral ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Veil ◽  
And Gender

Many Muslim feminists have argued that at the core of Islam lies a gender-neutral belief system that has been obscured by a centuries-long tradition of male-dominated interpretation. Although this gender-neutral system of belief had been almost entirely suppressed by the ruling Islamic discourses, according to Leila Ahmed, marginalized discourses such as Sufism and the antinomian Carmathians were able to preserve Islam's message of the ethical equality of men and women. Amina Wadud-Muhsin argues that the traditional verse-by-verse method of Qurʾanic exegesis, along with its domination by male practitioners, marginalized female experiences in understanding revelation. In her view, these two factors ultimately led to the suppression of the Qurʾan's message of gender equality. Fatima Mernissi, in The Veil and the Male Elite, instead argues that the religious scholars of Islam, because of their fear of subjectivity, were content with a purely empirical science of religion—a methodology that left the door wide open to the manipulation of revelation through interpretation. Unlike Ahmed, however, she recognizes that even within the dominant discourse of the Sunni scholars, not all spoke of women in the same monotonously misogynistic voice.

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