An Unhealthy World

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-62
Author(s):  
Sandro Galea
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Geographic Factors ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Unsafe Behaviors ◽  
Do So ◽  
Preventable Mortality

This chapter explains how the world that faced COVID-19 was not a world free of existential threats, merely from the widespread knowledge of them. The pandemic revealed just how vulnerable we have always been, and how vulnerable we will remain unless we learn its lessons. The first step to doing so is understanding the ways in which the world is still unhealthy and the forces which enable this poor health. This means looking at health disparities, which emerge from the misalignment of the structures that underlie health—the social, economic, political, and geographic factors which unfold across time and distance to shape our world. Creating a healthy world means engaging with health on this level—and we cannot prevent the next pandemic without creating a healthy world. The chapter discusses how we can do so, by first looking at the ways we have fallen short. The challenges of widespread disease, the proliferation of unsafe behaviors like smoking, and other forms of preventable mortality all speak of a world that is still unhealthy. The chapter then looks at how these challenges intersected with COVID-19. Finally, it considers the role global cooperation and international institutions played in addressing COVID-19, and their importance for creating a better future for health.

The First Half of the Twentieth Century

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Management ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Freshwater Conservation ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Welfare State

The years between 1900 and 1945 were very difficult for humanity. In this period, not only were there two world wars to survive but also some of the worst parts of the social, economic, and environmental challenges of sustainable development all began to make themselves felt. The one area in which progress was made was in the social context, in which the rights of workers and the welfare state expanded. The idea of ‘development’, especially for the developing world, also evolved in this period. In the economic arena, the world went up, and then crashed in the Great Depression, producing negative results that were unprecedented. In environmental terms, positive templates were created for some habitat management, some wildlife law, and parts of freshwater conservation. Where there was not so much success was with regard to air and chemical pollution.

Las Yslas de Esperar en Dios: The Jesuit Mission in Moro 1546–1571

1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 593-606
Author(s):  
John Villiers
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Narrative Form ◽  
Society Of Jesus ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Jesuit Missionaries ◽  
Mission Field

The numerous and voluminous reports and letters which the Jesuits wrote on the Moro mission, as on all their missions in Asia, are perhaps of less interest to us now for what they reveal of the methods adopted by the Society of Jesus in this remote corner of their mission field or the details they contain about the successes and failures of individual missionaries, than for the wealth of information they provide on the islands where the Jesuits lived and the indigenous societies with which they came into contact through their work of evangelization. In other words, it is not theprimary purpose of this essay to analyse the Jesuit documents with a view to reconstructing the history of the Moro mission in narrative form but rather to glean from them some of the informationthey contain about the social and political conditions in Moro during the forty years or so in the sixteenth century when both the Jesuit missionaries and the Portuguese were active in the regio Because the Jesuits were often in close touch with local rulers and notables, whether or not they succeeded in converting them to Christianity, and because they lived among their subjects for long periods, depending upon them for the necessities of life and sharing their hardships, their letters and reports often show a deeper understanding of the social, economic and political conditions of the indigenous societies and, one suspects, give a more accurate and measured account of events and personalities than do the official chroniclers and historians of the time, most of whom never ventured further east than Malacca and who in any case were chiefly concerned to glorify the deeds of the Portuguese and justify their actions to the world.

Conclusion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah Benezra Strote
Keyword(s):  
Federal Republic ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Weimar Republic ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
German Society ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
Cultural Conflicts ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Ideal

This concluding chapter argues that Germans themselves imagined the framework for a more stable political structure before the arrival of American troops. The reconstruction of post-Nazi Germany relied so much on the reconciliation of previously conflicting groups that “partnership” became its foundational ideology. The Germans who rebuilt the educational system in the Federal Republic, West Germany's intelligentsia, were the lions and lambs of the Weimar Republic in their youth. They lived through and participated in the social, economic, political, and cultural conflicts that tore apart German society before Hitler's rise. They also witnessed the Nazi attempt to overcome those conflicts, and some supported Hitler publicly before opposing him as he led Europe and the world into a catastrophic war. When this generation of Germans designed courses of education for the rising post-Nazi generations, they celebrated the ideal of partnership precisely to avoid the earlier conflicts.

scholarly journals Dreams of the Russian Revolution in the Utopias of Alexander Chayanov and Andrei Platonov

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-290
Author(s):  
Alexander Nikulin
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Revolution

The Russian Revolution is the central theme of both A. Chayanov’s novel The Journey of My Brother Alexei to the Land of Peasant Utopia and A. Platonov’s novel Chevengur. The author of this article compares the chronicles and images of the Revolution in the biographies of Chayanov and Platonov as well as the main characters, genres, plots, and structures of the two utopian novels, and questions the very understanding of the history of the Russian Revolution and the possible alternatives of its development. The article focuses not only on the social-economic structure of utopian Moscow and Chevengur but also on the ethical-aesthetic foundations of both utopias. The author argues that the two utopias reconstruct, describe, and criticize the Revolution from different perspectives and positions. In general, Chayanov adheres to a relativistic and pluralistic perception of the Revolution and history, while Platonov, on the contrary, absolutizes the end of humankind history with the eschatological advent of Communism. In Chayanov‘s utopia, the Russian Revolution is presented as a viable alternative to the humanistic-progressive ideals of the metropolitan elites with the moderate populist-socialist ideas of the February Revolution. In Platonov’s utopia, the Revolution is presented as an alternative to the eschatological-ecological transformation of the world by provincial rebels inspired by the October Revolution. Thus, Chayanov’s liberal-cooperative utopia and Platonov’s anarchist-communist utopia contain both an apologia and a criticism of the Russian Revolution in the insights of its past and future victories and defeats, and opens new horizons for alternative interpretations of the Russian Revolution.

scholarly journals What is social economic planning?

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
Al Campbell ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Real World ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Economic Planning ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Planning Tool ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Work First ◽  
Conscious Control

The attempts to build post-capitalist societies in the twentieth century all used variations of the material-balances economic planning procedures developed first in the USSR. Most advocates of transcending capitalism came to accept the idea that the desired new society could operate only with some variation of such an economic planning tool. One part of the current thorough reconsideration of how to build a human-centered post-capitalist society is reconsidering how it should carry out, in a way consistent with its goals, the social economic planning that all systems of production require. This brief work first addresses a number of misconceptions and myths connected with the identification of planning for socialism with the material-balances planning system. After that, and connected to real-world experiments now going on in a few countries in the world, the work considers if the required social economic planning could occur through conscious control of markets, for countries attempting to build a socialism that uses markets for both the necessary articulation of all the steps in its many production chains and for the distribution of consumer goods.

scholarly journals Psychological aspects of information impact on employees of internal affairs Officers

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
M.V. Vinogradov ◽  
O.A. Ulyanina
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Information Literacy ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
World Community ◽  
Informational Influence ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

The article analyzes the processes of intensive informatization and technologization of modern society, affecting the vector of development of the social, economic, political and military spheres of the state. In this context, the problem of informational impact on a human personality, his consciousness, mindset, spiritual and value orientations is considered. On the scale of the geopolitical interaction of the world community at the information-psychological level, this problem is revealed through the prism of describing the nature and content of the information war carried out in the interests of achieving political and military goals. Areas of informational influence on police officers are specified. In this regard, the need for the formation of information literacy of law enforcement specialists is being updated; the directions of information and psychological counteraction and protection against information attacks are highlighted. Psychological resistance, critical thinking, information security are named among the priority solutions to the highlighted issue.

scholarly journals A Critique of the ‘Paleo Diet’

1969 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ashley Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Food Regime ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
The Social ◽  
Consumption Practices ◽  
Paleo Diet ◽  
Global Food ◽  
Do So

Relatively little has been written about the social, economic and political dynamics and relationships that are engendered through Paleo culture. Examining the tensions within and between the ‘Paleo Diet’ principles and practices reveals the application of a technical solution to a structural problem: power dynamics created at an individual and group level by the Paleo culture reveals an emergent food classism rooted in socio-economic and racialized inequalities. Participation in and adherence to the Paleo lifestyle (or the inability to do so) creates particular types of social subjects and subjectivities based on the implicit moralization of food and consumption practices. While the Paleo Diet reflects millenarian apprehensions about the state of the contemporary world and concerns with global food quality and food insecurity, it is dependent on and exacerbates the socio-economic dynamics and marginalizing practices of a global food regime that it seeks to critique and abandon.

Why social scientists still need phenomenology

Thesis Eleven ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 072551362110643
Author(s):  
Christopher Houston
Keyword(s):  
Social Scientist ◽  
Pierre Bourdieu ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Natural Attitude ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Suspension Of Disbelief ◽  
Do So ◽  
Critical Science

Pierre Bourdieu famously dismissed phenomenology as offering anything useful to a critical science of society – even as he drew heavily upon its themes in his own work. This paper makes a case for why Bourdieu’s judgement should not be the last word on phenomenology. To do so it first reanimates phenomenology’s evocative language and concepts to illustrate their continuing centrality to social scientists’ ambitions to apprehend human engagement with the world. Part II shows how two crucial insights of phenomenology, its discovery of both the natural attitude and of the phenomenological epoche, allow an account of perception properly responsive to its intertwined personal and collective aspects. Contra Bourdieu, the paper’s third section asserts that phenomenology’s substantive socio-cultural analysis simultaneously entails methodological consequences for the social scientist, reversing their suspension of disbelief vis-à-vis the life-worlds of interlocutors and inaugurating the suspension of belief vis-à-vis their own natural attitudes.

Cycle of Poverty in Developing Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 126-139
Author(s):  
Opeyemi Idowu Aluko
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Economic Cycle ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Cycle ◽  
The World ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Cycle Of Poverty ◽  
Do So

Poverty is no longer fashionable even in the less developed countries of the world. The world has deemed poverty-ridden regions of the world as ‘anathema', forbidden, and ignoble. At the same time ways to get out of the menace are regularly strategised over a period of time. The developed countries of the world had been able to nip poverty to the bud significantly, but the developing countries still have a lot to do so as to overcome the menace. Poverty in the developing countries operates in a cycle of repetitions. This makes it difficult to curtail. How can poverty be reduced in the developing countries? This study reveals the reason while poverty has become a domestic phenomenon in developing countries and the way forward. The theory on poverty is evaluated alongside the present economic situation in Africa. The cycle of poverty, which includes the social cycle of poverty (SCP), political cycle of poverty (PCP), and the economic cycle of poverty (ECP), are examined. This study analyses the strategies to break the cycle of poverty in Africa and other developing countries.

scholarly journals Treatment of massive trauma due to war

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 321-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daya Somasundaram
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Third World ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Psychological Warfare ◽  
The World ◽  
Therapeutic Considerations

Treatment of trauma has been already covered in this journal (Adshead, 1995) and elsewhere (Davidson, 1992; Kleber & Brom, 1992; Wilson & Raphael, 1993). However, there are situations where the trauma can become extensive and chronic, sometimes called Type II trauma (Terr, 1991), necessitating additional therapeutic considerations. Such situations are not uncommon in the world today, frequently occurring during wars that are typically ‘low-intensity’ conflicts involving poor, Third World countries. It has been estimated that there have been over 150 such wars since 1945, in which 90% of all casualties are civilians. According to Summerfield (1996), what predominates is the use of terror to exert social control, if necessary by disrupting the social, economic and cultural structures. The target is often population rather than territory and psychological warfare is the central element. Atrocities, including civilian massacres, reprisals, bombing, shelling, mass displacements, disappearances and torture are the norm. The consequences for mental health, not to mention the social, economic, cultural and other costs, can be substantial.

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