scholarly journals Toward a new paradigm of environmentally friendly cultural values

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quy Van Khuc ◽  
Tung Manh Ho ◽  
Hong-Kong T. Nguyen ◽  
Minh-Hoang Nguyen ◽  
Manh-Toan Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Core ◽  
Climate Crisis

Climate change gives rise to a growing threat of extinction to humankind, yet the current approach and solutions appear insufficient in addressing it effectively. This paper presents a critical review of the climate crisis and current approaches, highlighting how misguided would it be to exclude enterprises—the primary drivers of the climate problems—from top-down policy-making. In assessing the different core cultural values of environment-damaging and environment-protecting enterprises, the authors suggest embracing a new paradigm of environmentally-friendly cultural values. The new paradigm, which calls for a process of identifying, transforming, and synthesizing a set of core cultural values, serves as the cornerstone of the whole system and aims to shift the core cultural value from “exploitation” to “construction.” As environmentally-friendly cultural values can shape human progress away from capitalism/monetarism and toward environmentalism, it could be added to Harrison and Huntington’s (2001) list of human cultures as the 11th value. The paradigm comprises two mutually interacting attributes: (i) money cannot trade for environmental deficits, and (ii) environmental embellishment value needs to become a new “measure of profit,” priced at least on par with monetary value. The insights carry serious implications for policy-makers in engaging enterprises in the fight for a more habitable and sustainable planet.

Sentencing Policy as a Force for Social Cohesion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Henham
Keyword(s):  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Normative Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sentencing Policy

This chapter sets out the case for adopting a normative approach to conceptualizing the social reality of sentencing. It argues that policy-makers need to comprehend how sentencing is implicated in realizing state values and take greater account of the social forces that diminish the moral credibility of state sponsored punishment. The chapter reflects on the problems of relating social values to legal processes such as sentencing and argues that crude notions of ‘top down’ or ‘bottom up’ approaches to policy-making should be replaced by a process of contextualized policy-making. Finally, the chapter stresses the need for sentencing policy to reflect those moral attachments that bind citizens together in a relational or communitarian sense. It concludes by exploring these assertions in the light of the sentencing approach taken by the courts following the English riots of 2011.

A Critical Assessment of the Value of Top-Down and Bottom-Up Public Policy Implementation Theories, with Reference to the Case of Implementation of Passport Seva: An eGovernance Policy in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-539
Author(s):  
K. Balamurugan
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Policy Networks ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Progressive Change ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Sociopolitical Environment ◽  
Public Policy Implementation

What are the challenges in public policy processes? Why do some critical public problems not carry to the agenda-setting of policy-making, or even if carried, they fail during implementation? One of the responses to these queries is that policy-making often happens in a complex, dynamic, sociopolitical environment where there are overarching structures above the policy makers and there are competing actors, ideas, groups, policy networks, institutions and policy subsystem that interact with unequal power and conflicting interests (Sanderson, 2009). It is thus realised that the systematic study of public policy is significant for bringing progressive change in society. Hence it is required to build new knowledge and to improve upon the working of public policy. This article will study the value of the top down and bottom up theories in the case of implementation of a new eGovernance policy on passport issuance in India. The findings are that due to resistance from different stakeholders, the project could be implemented only after certain bottom up changes to the policy along with change management strategies.

scholarly journals Environmental cultural value and global environmental change: By nature, of nature, for nature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quy Van Khuc ◽  
Quan-Hoang Vuong
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Short Paper ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Common Interests

Global climate change gives rise to a growing threat of extinction to mankind, yet the current approach and solutions have appeared to be insufficient to combat it effectively. We have critically reviewed and discussed the solutions pathways for the problem. Our key message in this short paper is that enterprises solely cause global environmental problems but underestimating their role in solving the problem could be a terrible mistake since they have a great amount of potential to solve the environmental problem. We nominate the environmental cultural value as the 11th human-culture because it can shape human progress towards “environmentalism”. The new environmental cultural value includes two mutually interacting attributes. First, money cannot trade for environmental deficits. Second, environmental embellishment value needs to become a new “measure of profit”, priced at least on par with monetary value. Perceiving and agreeing to the new environmental cultural values-based approach is hard, but vital. We confirm that the environmental cultural value transition and or transformation in enterprises may take time and request several mutually interacting conditions such as gracious and receptive attitude, no prejudice, big vision, and common interests. The insights of this paper could illustrate some policy implications to engage and harness incorporates imbued with the environmental cultural values for addressing global environmental climate change.

CASE STUDY: Regional Cultural Differences Within and Across Four Western European Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-47
Author(s):  
Nadine Waehning ◽  
Ibrahim Sirkeci ◽  
Stephan Dahl ◽  
Sinan Zeyneloglu
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Business Plans ◽  
Regional Markets ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Western European

This case study examines and illustrates within country regional cultural differences and cross border cultural similarities across four western European countries. Drawing on the data from the World Values Survey (WVS), we refer to the Schwartz Cultural Values Inventory in the survey. The demographic variables of age, gender, education level, marital status and income vary across the regions and hence, have significant effects on the cultural value dimensions across regions. The findings help a better understanding of the homogeneity and heterogeneity of regions withinand across countries. Both researchers and managers will have to justify their sampling methods and generalisations more carefully when drawing conclusions for a whole country. This case study underlines the limited knowledge about regional within country cultural differences, while also illustrating the simplification of treating each country as culturally homogeneous. Cross-country business strategies connecting transnational regional markets based on cultural value characteristics need to take these similarities and differences into account when designating business plans.

Environmental Conservation Through Study Value of Bali Aga Tenganan Pegringsingan Community Culture

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Nyoman Wijana ◽  
I Gusti Agung Nyoman Setiawan ◽  
Sanusi Mulyadiharja ◽  
I Gede Astra Wesnawa ◽  
Putu Indah Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Time Orientation ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Community Culture ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
Orientation Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Relational Orientation

This research aimed to know the implementation of environmental conservation in terms of cultural value orientation, including humanistic nature orientation, man-nature orientation, time orientation, activity orientation, and relational orientation. The population of this research was the entire community in traditional village Tenganan Pegringsingan, Karangasem, Bali. This research sample amounted to 25 people, consisting of the conventional village apparatus, community leaders, and the general public. Methods of data collection were the method of observation, interview, questionnaire, and checklist. The collected data were analyzed descriptively. This research indicated that the orientation of cultural values of humanistic nature orientation and man-nature orientation had an excellent quality. The time orientation, activity orientation, and relational orientation parameters had good quality. Culture in the study community generally showed a positive thing, so the impact of culture on the quality of the environment, in general, was excellent. The results of observations in the field revealed that there were all community activities at Tenganan Pegringsingan that could not cause environmental pollution. Therefore, the role of traditional regulation or awig-awig to regulate environmental and social-culture.

International Criminalization of Offences Relating to Cultural Property

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Danil Sergeev
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Hague Convention ◽  
Cultural Property ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Direct Connection ◽  
International Protection ◽  
International Instruments

The article evaluates current conditions of international criminalization of offences relating to cultural property and makes a brief historical review of developing international protection of cultural property and elaborating a corresponding notion. Having analyzed the international instruments, the author concludes that offences relating to cultural property may include deliberate seizure, appropriation, demolition as well as any other forms of destruction or damage to objects and items protected under the 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict committed during international and non-international armed conflicts. These offences do not include such possible acts toward universal cultural values committed either beyond any armed conflict or without direct connection with it. Taking the examples of destruction of Buddhas of Bamiyan, Nimrud, Palmyra, and mausoleums of Timbuktu, the author states that international criminalization of offences relating to cultural property is insufficient, because it does not encompass such cases when objects or items of cultural value are damaged or destroyed under the control of national administrations or with their knowledge.

Evaluation of Road Utilisation as Space For Holding Social Ceremonies in Indigenous Residential Area of Ogbomoso, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (March 2018) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A Okanlawon ◽  
O.O Odunjo ◽  
S.A Olaniyan
Keyword(s):  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Noisy Environment ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Core ◽  
Local Roads ◽  
Strict Enforcement ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

This study examined Residents’ evaluation of turning transport infrastructure (road) to spaces for holding social ceremonies in the indigenous residential zone of Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. Upon stratifying the city into the three identifiable zones, the core, otherwise known as the indigenous residential zone was isolated for study. Of the twenty (20) political wards in the two local government areas of the town, fifteen (15) wards that were located in the indigenous zone constituted the study area. Respondents were selected along one out of every three (33.3%) of the Trunk — C (local) roads being the one mostly used for the purpose in the study area. The respondents were the residents, commercial motorists, commercial motorcyclists, and celebrants. Six hundred and forty-two (642) copies of questionnaire were administered and harvested on the spot. The Mean Analysis generated from the respondents’ rating of twelve perceived hazards listed in the questionnaire were then used to determine respondents’ most highly rated perceived consequences of the practice. These were noisy environment, Blockage of drainage by waste, and Endangering the life of the sick on the way to hospital; the most highly rated reasons why the practice came into being; and level of acceptability of the practice which was found to be very unacceptable in the study area. Policy makers should therefore focus their attention on strict enforcement of the law prohibiting the practice in order to ensure more cordial relationship among the citizenry, seeing citizens’ unacceptability of the practice in the study area.

Prioritizing Strategic Factors of Creative Tourism Industry in Iran by Analytic Network Process (ANP)

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 553-565
Author(s):  
Reza Kiani Mavi ◽  
Hamed Gheibdoust ◽  
Ahmad A. Khanfar
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Analytic Network Process ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Business Support ◽  
Network Process ◽  
Strategic Factors ◽  
Strategic Policy ◽  
Strategic Policies

Nowadays, it is obvious that creative tourism industry has become very essential for countries and societies; therefore, governments work on constituting policies in order to develop this industry. To be successful in improving creative tourism industry, governments should identify the influential factors and focus on ones that are more important rather than investing a bit on many different factors. Because of the interrelations among factors, this research is aiming to prioritize factors that influence strategic policies of creative tourism industry in Iran using analytic network process (ANP). Data were collected during the period of May 2017 to February 2018. Participants in this research are 13 tourism experts with more than 10 years' experience in the field. Results show that the most influential criterion is "business support" and the most influential subcriterion is "supporting midsize businesses." This study helps policy makers to improve creative tourism by emphasizing on those factors that have high priority from the viewpoint of strategic policy-making.

From Top-Down Control to Self-Organisation: The “Thaw” and Motor Action Theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-156
Author(s):  
Irina Sirotkina
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Action Theory ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Mathematical Concept ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Top Down ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
New Models ◽  
Democratic Principles ◽  
Moscow School

The period from the late 1950s to the mid-1960s in the Soviet Union was known as the “Thaw,” a political era that fostered hopes of restoring the rule of law and democracy to the country. In that period cybernetics came to symbolize both scientific progress and social change. The Soviet intelligentsia had survived the hardship of Stalinist repression and now regarded the new discipline, which brought together the natural sciences and the human sciences, as a pathway to building a freer and more equal society. After decades of domination by Pavlovian doctrine, a paradigm shift was under way in physiology and psychology. Cybernetics reinforced the new paradigm, which put forward ideas of purposive behavior and self-organization in living and non-living systems. The conditioned reflex and a simplistic one-to-one view of connections in the nervous system gave way to more sophisticated and complex models, which could be formalized mathematically. Previous models of control in living organisms were mostly hierarchical and included top-down control of peripheral movement by the motor centers. The new models supplemented this picture with feedback commands from the periphery to the center. By the time cybernetics had made its appearance in the Soviet Union, new models of control had already been formulated in physiology by Nikolay Bernstein (1896– 1966). He termed the feedback from afferent signals “sensorial corrections,” meaning that they play an important part in adapting central control to the changing situation at the periphery of movement. The new paradigm emphasized horizontal connections over vertical ones, and new models took hold based on less “totalitarian” and more “democratic” principles, such as the idea of automatic or autonomous functioning of intermediate centers, the mathematical concept of well-organized functions, the theory of “the collective behavior of automata,” etc. This line of research was carried out in the USSR as well as abroad by Bernstein’s students and followers who formed the Moscow School of Motor Control. The author argues that this preference for less hierarchical models was one expression of the Thaw’s trend toward liberalization of life within the USSR and greater involvement in international politics.

Military Professionalism and Humanitarian Law

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yishai Beer
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
The Core ◽  
Humanitarian Mission ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
Professional Perspective ◽  
The Law ◽  
Preemptive Strike ◽  
Military Professionalism

This book seeks to revitalize the humanitarian mission of the international law governing armed conflict, which is being frustrated due to states’ actual practice. In order to achieve its two aims—creating an environment in which full abidance by the law becomes an attainable norm, thus facilitating the second and more important aim of reducing human suffering—it calls for the acknowledgment of realpolitik considerations that dictate states’ and militaries’ behavior. This requires recognition of the core interests of law-abiding states, fighting in their own self-defense—those that, from their militaries’ professional perspective, are essential in order to exercise their defense. Internalizing the importance of existential security interests, when drawing the contours of the law, should not automatically come at the expense of the core values of the humanitarian agenda—for example, the distinction rule. Rather, it allows more room for the humanitarian arena. The suggested tool to allow for such an improved dialogue is the standards and principles of military professionalism. Militaries function in a professional manner; they respect their respective doctrines, operational principles, fighting techniques, and values. Their performances are not random or incidental. The suggested paradigm surfaces and leverages the constraining elements hidden in military professionalism. It suggests a new paradigm in balancing the principles of military necessity and humanity, it deals with the legality of a preemptive strike and the leveraging of military strategy as a constraining tool, and it offers a normative framework for introducing deterrence within the current contours of the law.

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