Development and Distribution

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Sumner
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
North East ◽  
Major Transformation

Since the Second World War, surprisingly few developing countries have experienced a truly sustained episode of economic and social convergence towards the structural characteristics of the advanced nations. The region of the world that has gone the furthest in that convergence is East Asia. Much has been written on comparative industrialization and development in North East Asia but relatively less on South East Asia. This book focuses on the latter and, more specifically on Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand. These three nations have all undergone a major transformation—in a way never anticipated—from being poor, agrarian countries to middle-income countries that have developed an industrial and manufacturing base. The ‘puzzle’ that flows from that achievement is as follows: how did MIT achieve such a transformation, and how did they achieve the transformation with a form of economic growth that was driven by structural transformation, but that was also ‘inclusive’? Given that historically it has been thought that structural transformation tends to push up inequality, whilst inclusive growth necessitates static or even falling inequality, this last point is particularly salient to developing countries. Understanding how the transformation was possible in a relatively short space of time, the extent to which it was inclusive, and the caveats and prospects for South East Asia is thus an area of enquiry significant to all developing countries as they seek economic and social transformation.

scholarly journals The State of the World’s Midwifery 2021 report: findings to drive global policy and practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Nove ◽  
Petra ten Hoope-Bender ◽  
Martin Boyce ◽  
Sarah Bar-Zeev ◽  
Luc de Bernis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
National Level ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Income Groups

AbstractThe third global State of the World’s Midwifery report (SoWMy 2021) provides an updated evidence base on the sexual, reproductive, maternal, newborn and adolescent health (SRMNAH) workforce. For the first time, SoWMy includes high-income countries (HICs) as well as low- and middle-income countries. This paper describes the similarities and differences between regions and income groups, and discusses the policy implications of these variations. SoWMy 2021 estimates a global shortage of 900,000 midwives, which is particularly acute in low-income countries (LICs) and in Africa. The shortage is projected to improve only slightly by 2030 unless additional investments are made. The evidence suggests that these investments would yield important returns, including: more positive birth experiences, improved health outcomes, and inclusive and equitable economic growth. Most HICs have sufficient SRMNAH workers to meet the need for essential interventions, and their education and regulatory environments tend to be strong. Upper-middle-income countries also tend to have strong policy environments. LICs and lower-middle-income countries tend to have a broader scope of practice for midwives, and many also have midwives in leadership positions within national government. Key regional variations include: major midwife shortages in Africa and South-East Asia but more promising signs of growth in South-East Asia than in Africa; a strong focus in Africa on professional midwives (rather than associate professionals: the norm in many South-East Asian countries); heavy reliance on medical doctors rather than midwives in the Americas and Eastern Mediterranean regions and parts of the Western Pacific; and a strong educational and regulatory environment in Europe but a lack of midwife leaders at national level. SoWMy 2021 provides stakeholders with the latest data and information to inform their efforts to build back better and fairer after COVID-19. This paper provides a number of policy responses to SoWMy 2021 that are tailored to different contexts, and suggests a variety of issues to consider in these contexts. These suggestions are supported by the inclusion of all countries in the report, because it is clear which countries have strong SRMNAH workforces and enabling environments and can be viewed as exemplars within regions and income groups.

scholarly journals The New Manifestations of External Debt in Developing Countries From 2000 to 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 06 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vu Thi Kim Hanh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
External Debt ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Caribbean

The paper analyzes the new manifestations of external debt in developing countries from 2000 to 2019, author uses the analytical qualitative and quantitative method, the findings are (1) the external debt is trended by groups of country, (2) external debt stocks of PPG long term debt, PNG long term debt rose between 2000 and 2019, (3) The percentage of GDP of External debt stocks decreased, PNG long term debt and short term debt slightly went up between 2000 and 2019, (4) East and South-East Asia and Oceania and Latin America and the Caribbean have exchange the top and second position of highest amount in both 2018 and 2000, (5) Debt service on long-term external PPG of SIDS is helds the biggest amount of debt between 2000 and 2019, (6) The redemption schedules of both High-income countries and Low- and middle-income countries both increased the amount of redemption which is from around 2 to 2.32 tril USD and 0.67 to 1.07 tril USD in 2000 and 2021, respectively. This shows us that at least they have solution how to get resolved their external debt.

scholarly journals The burden of the complications of diabetes mellitus

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adi Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Health System ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Complications Of Diabetes ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Middle Income Countries

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important global cause of mortality, morbidity, and health-system costs,(1,2) with significant increases in its prevalence and number of cases in the last 30 years. It constitutes one of the four non communicable diseases (NCDs) targeted for action by world leaders.According to WHO estimates, in 2014 there were 422 million adults with DM aged 18 years or older, with around half in the WHO South-East Asia and Western Pacific Regions.(3) The prevalence of DM and the number of adults with DM in low- and middle-income countries have over the last decade increased at a greater rate than in high-income countries. The global DM prevalence increased by more than 100% in men and by 60% in women, resulting in a predominance of males with DM in 2014 as compared with a higher DM female prevalence in 1980.

scholarly journals Social Networking Site for Suicide Database in Bangladesh (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanjir Rashid Soron
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Social Networking Site ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries

UNSTRUCTURED The use of social networking sites has exponentially increased in the recent years and the increment was most noticeable among the youth. However, suicide is the second leading cause of death among this group and they are the most active group in the different social networking sites. They share their thoughts, photos, opinions and news including the news of suicide. Whenever, they came to know the death of a friend or follower they share the news express their grief. In addition they also show their condolence to the death of the relative or friends of Facebook friends Moreover, all the television channels and newspapers share their information and news in Facebook, Tweeter and other social media from where we can collect information. Bangladesh is a Muslim developing country in South East Asia that lacks any national suicide database due a number of sociocultural, religious and political factors. As a result, the existing the data on suicide in the country shows about 20 fold variation in different reports. However, the country can develop national suicide database by extracting the information shared in the Facebook and verifying each incidents from different Facebook users. This idea can solve a long lasting problem in many developing low and middle income countries.

scholarly journals Global neurosurgery, Bangladesh and COVID-19 era

2020 ◽  
pp. 574-576
Author(s):  
Robert Ahmed Khan ◽  
Moshiur Rahman ◽  
Amit Agrawal ◽  
Ezequiel Garcia-Ballestas ◽  
Luis Rafael Moscote-Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Surgical Care ◽  
Medical Procedure ◽  
Surgical Service ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Significant Obstacle ◽  
To Come

Background. COVID-19 has become an alarming pandemic for our earth. It has created panic not only in China but also in developing countries like Bangladesh. Bangladesh has adequate confinements to constrain the spread of the infection and in this circumstance, overall healthcare workers including neurosurgeons are confronting a ton of difficulties. The purpose of this paper is to depict the proficiency of Global neurosurgery in this COVID-19 time. Method. Global neurosurgery offers the chance of fusing the best proof-based guidelines of care. This paper demonstrated that, in low to middle-income countries, Global medical procedure has been received to address the issues of residents who lack critical surgical care. Results. Inappropriate and insufficient asset allotment has been a significant obstacle for the health system for decently giving security to the patients. The fundamental training process has been genuinely hampered in the current circumstance. Worldwide health activities have set to an alternate centre and Global neurosurgery as an assurance is slowed down. Conclusion. This paper recommended that Global neurosurgical activities need to come forward and increase the workforce to emphasize surgical service.

scholarly journals Research and Publication from Developing Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan R Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Publishing Research ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
High Burden ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Developed Countries

In 2002, Richard Smith wrote an editorial, “publishing research from developing countries” in the Journal “Statistics in Medicine” highlighting the importance of research and publication from the developing countries (DCs).1 In that article, he mentioned the disparity in research and publication between the developed and developing countries. Almost two decades on, the problem still largely remains the same. It is estimated that more than 80% of the world’s population lives in more than 100 developing countries.2 In terms of disease burden, the prevalence and mortality from diseases in the low and middle-income countries are disproportionately high compared to developed countries.3 Although there is a high burden of disease, we base our treatment inferring results from research and publication from the developed countries which may not be fully generalizable due to geographical cultural, racial, and economic factors. This is where the problem lies.

scholarly journals Singapore, A Growing Economic Titan from South East Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-54
Author(s):  
Ignatius Hubert Tantra
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
East Asia ◽  
International System ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Institutional Leadership ◽  
Living Space ◽  
The World ◽  
Land Mass

Singapore has one of the fastest economic development pace throughout South East Asia. Despite the fact that by land mass, it is not the biggest or the most fertile country. By demographic factor, it is not the most populated nor the most culturally diverse country. It also didn’t have the natural resources that its neighboring countries boasted as their main commodity. Yet, Singapore is a country with one of the most efficient implementation of living space, land usage, and education programme in the world. Because of its greatness, Singapore can be put in the same class with the others developed countries in the world. This is despite all the handicap that this country has, through the thick and thin of its history. The author believes that these successes can be atributted mostly to the efficient leadership of Singapore as a nation state in the international system, and that these successes can be adapted throughout Asia, and the world as a whole. This essay was made exactly to achieve this successful impact on ASEAN’s countries economics. In this writing, the author will examine what makes Singapore such a great economic titan, and how it can turn its unlikely position into a flourishing market economy and becoming a model for other developing countries to replicate, with institutional leadership. All of these, for the purpose of learning, and in the bid of rejuvenating economic vigor that most Asian countries and developing countries needed to keep up and even compete with more prominent countries in the international political system of the world.

Knowledge Sharing for Healthcare and Medicine in Developing Countries

2017 ◽  
pp. 1276-1293
Author(s):  
Kgomotso H. Moahi ◽  
Kelvin J. Bwalya
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sharing Behavior

Knowledge sharing has always been used as a platform for cross-pollination of ideas and innovations in a bid to improve and enhance performance thereby increasing competitiveness and responsiveness both in organizations and individual levels. Healthcare systems are not an exception. However, for knowledge sharing to take place there is need for certain factors to be noted and addressed such as the individual, organizational and technological. Further, knowledge sharing goes hand in hand with knowledge management and must become part of the strategic fabric of organizations. This chapter focuses on knowledge sharing by health professionals in healthcare and medicine in developing countries. The chapter covers knowledge management and its link with knowledge sharing; the various methods of knowledge sharing in healthcare; factors that make knowledge sharing an important strategic move for healthcare organizations; and factors and issues that affect or determine knowledge sharing behavior. Finally, a literature search for examples of knowledge sharing in developing or low and middle-income countries was conducted and the results are presented. The chapter shows that developing countries have recognized the value of knowledge sharing in healthcare systems and there are tangible signs that this is going to shape cross-pollination of ideas and innovations in the health systems in the foreseeable future.

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