Introduction

Author(s):  
Ken Peach

This chapter provides a short introduction to the book, defining the roles of leadership and management in general and as applied to science in particular. Management in modern society is inescapable. However much people might complain about it (and everyone does, sometimes with reason), it is necessary. It organizes and facilitates the achievement of collective or individual goals by ensuring that’things happen’. But the management that is the subject of this book is at a higher level–defining the scientific objectives, recruiting the team to achieve those objectives, garnering the resources needed and ensuring that the achievements, when achieved, are properly recognized and publicized. This is the ’leadership’ side of management. This chapter discusses the role of challenge in science and in science management, as well as the importance of teams. In addition, it provides a layout of the book.

Author(s):  
Joseph M. Siracusa

Diplomacy: A Very Short Introduction introduces the subject of diplomatic history, the critical study of the management of relations between nation-states. Based on significant historical case studies—the diplomacy of the American Revolution, the diplomatic origins of the Great War and its aftermath Versailles, the personal summitry behind the night Stalin and Churchill divided Europe, George W. Bush and the coming of the Iraq War, and diplomacy in the age of globalization—there are concrete examples of diplomacy in action while locating the universal role of negotiations. Through these examples we can see what the key element of success is. The lessons learned provide a road map to navigating the challenges of 21st-century diplomacy.


2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.D. Tikhonova ◽  
N.V. Dvoryanchikov ◽  
A. Ernst-Vintila ◽  
I.B. Bovina

The main purpose of the presented article is to reveal the potential of social psychological knowledge for the analysis of radicalisation of young people. In the introduction, the features of socialisation in the modern world are discussed. Special attention is drawn to the role of the Internet in the socialisation of adolescents and young people. It is noted that the dominance of audiovisual information contributes to the reduction of reflexivity and promotes the so-called clip thinking, which has become an integral characteristic of adolescents and young people. It is emphasized that life in the modern society is associated with a number of changes taking place simultaneously at different levels, and uncertainty has become its important feature. Extremism and radicalisation are considered as a reaction to uncertainty, a way to overcome it. The main part of the article is devoted to the analysis of models of radicalization describes in various works. Finally, perspectives of further investigation into the subject are outlined.


Servis plus ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
Владислав Шелекета ◽  
Vladislav Sheleketa ◽  
Василий Ивахнов ◽  
Vasiliy Ivakhnov

The article discusses issues related to the problem of justifying the value of philosophical creativity in modern culture. It proves the author’s position of special significance of philosophy for the development of personal culture, and worldview of the person and modern society. The article shows that philosophizing is inherently different from other forms of creativity in culture, and agues that philosophical oeuvre bases on the critical perception of the existing knowledge. Involving the theory of self-organization – synergetic – the authors have shown systemic nature of meaning, which plays the role of attractor (a stable solution in the space of cultural meanings). But the sense of simultaneously co-exists in close connection with ad-culture knowledge represented in archetypal forms, continually becoming, realized in connection with the activities of consciousness and clarifying the nature of meaning. The authors demonstrate their position with the notion of discourse. The phenomenon of discourse is considered in its ontological dimensions as a conceptual basis of human existence and position in the culture. On the theories of postmodernism and poststructuralism the authors determine the form of philosophizing, based on the paradoxical structures that have under-subject nature. In this sense, there is the way to overcome the subject-object dualism, because the detection of under-subject nature of the meaning displays this meaning beyond the boundaries of the semantic field of culture. In this case, Philosophizing is a special form of operating in meanings that have just the same universal nature that is inherent to the nature of the phenomenon of meaning. In the end, the authors conclude that the role of philosophy in culture consists of the ability, which exists in its own nature. Philosophical discourse demonstrates its universal and integrative nature in socio-cultural space, creating a unique specific form of positioning oneself in the world. The authors conclude that philosophizing as a form of art, similar to “the science of Socrates” – the art of the truth birth in the course of the dispute, allows all cultural forms to stay dynamic, being in constant dialogue with each other, thereby freezing in their own forms.


Author(s):  
Tatiana Anatolievna Skoropad

The relevance of this work is substantiated by the fact that advertising as a special language of communication of modern society becomes the subject of research in different human sciences. Culturology, as complex field of humanities knowledge that encompasses sociocultural experience of the people reflected in traditions and norms, customs and laws, representations, assessments and actions, also studies various cultural phenomena. The author pursues the goal to interpret the phenomenon of popularity of advertising as a specific marker of consumer society. For achieving the set goal, analysis is conducted on the phenomenon of durability and popularity of the French show The Night of the AdEaters”. Research methodology is comprised of descriptive and systematic analysis of empirical facts in examining the role of advertising in postmodern society. Comparative method is used for drawing parallels between the works of J. Baudrillard and V. Pelevin from the perceptive of their criticism of consumer society. The author analyzes and characterizes modern consumer society, transformation of human values, and the important role allotted to advertising plays in this society. The conclusion is made that advertising becomes a part of everyday culture, impacts people’s life, contributes to formation of values system, mentality, worldview. In human mind, advertising transforms information into the image, and dictates the demands and interests, demonstrates ideals, helps formulating the goals.


2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-52
Author(s):  
Yumiko Sankoji

In recent decades, many studies have examined the role of accounting in organizations, the relationship between accounting and power in modern society, and the use of accounting as an instrument to construct a social order and foster interaction within a social context. However, little is known about the use of accounting to exert power in religious organizations – despite these organizations being among the most socially influential entities of pre-modern times. This article seeks to help fill this gap by analyzing the income and expenditure reports of the Komyo-ko-gata of the Toji Temple (1427–1532) in Japan. Two distinctive contributions are made. First, instead of focusing on Christianity, the subject is a Buddhist organization during the Middle Ages. Second, both synchronic and diachronic approaches are applied in this analysis. The findings confirm that accounting can strengthen strained relationships within organizations by facilitating control over information related to money management.


Author(s):  
M. Ryabova

The article touches interrelated complex of problems characterizing visual communication in the digital space of modern society. The idea of forming of visual culture with a special mental constitution is being actualized. It is revealed that visual communication is a key phenomenon of the social and cultural reality of the Internet. The collision of verbal and visual that is exposed to changes in perception between the subject and the other is considered taking into account its specific qualities. If you look at the representational turn as a phenomenon of cultural consciousness opening in the space of the Internet, its quixotic duality could be noticed. The author believes that the conceptual discourse of visualization reveals new meanings and ideas, both in the thinking of some individual (as a part) and in the space of a multicode universe as a whole. It is concluded that an increasing role of visual communication in the perception of the world at all levels leads to a new type of personality.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-163
Author(s):  
Vladimir Lazarev

A simplified and sometimes vulgar understanding of the role of scientometrics in science management makes it necessary to better understand its essential characteristics. In this paper, scientometrics is considered in interrelations with bibliometrics and informetrics that are the fields of knowledge closest to it. Briefly considered are the published works that mark their emergence and the ones that represent their background; the objects of bibliometrics, scientometrics and informetrics are reinterpreted and the methods are surveyed. The subject of the first part of the present paper is the emergence and background of scientometrics and the related fields of knowledge. The main conclusion is that the methodological proximity of bibliometrics, scientometrics and informetrics borders on their indistinguishability.


1983 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-207
Author(s):  
Domenico da Empoli

Abstract This article refers to a letter written in 1931 by J. A. Schumpeter to an Italian professor, Celestino Arena, on the subject of the Italian edition of the Theory of Economic Growth.1931 was the last year spent by Schumpeter in Europe. The year after, he moved from Germany to the United States, where the New Deal environment would have profoundly changed his views about the role of the entrepreneur in modern society and, by consequence, about the future of capitalism.


2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Narmina Fataliyeva Arif

<p>Today in a globalized society the need for word substitutions while speaking on sensitive topics has increased. People search for milder alternatives to express their opinions whenever they feel their words might sound abrupt or offensive. These substitutions are called euphemisms.</p><p>At first sight one might suppose that these expressions are too ordinary, but in fact they possess a strong persuasive character. Thus, the subject of this article is to identify the main functions of euphemisms in modern society. The article also aims at determining which social and cognitive factors regulate our choice of these substitutions.</p><p>In the theoretical part of the research different views on the phenomenon are outlined.</p><p>The main method used in this work is descriptive analytical method, based on the description of euphemisms from theoretical point of view with the subsequent analysis of achieved results. Besides, the method of contextual analysis has been applied.</p><p>As data for analysis different euphemistic expressions have been studied.</p><p>An overall study shows that in modern life honest debate has turned into a rare phenomenon.</p><p>One of our assertions is that the use of euphemisms primarily presupposing good intentions so as not to hurt a listener’s feelings, in modern life has acquired completely a different purpose. Today people use euphemisms to sound more persuasive instead of simply sounding polite.</p><p>It should be noted that for a deeper understanding of the role of euphemisms they should be studied within a specific discourse. Thus this study will require a further look at the problem applying a more contextual approach to its analysis.</p>


2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Beauchamp ◽  
Janet Harvey

The role of the subject leader, or co-ordinator, in the primary school has evolved considerably over recent years. Ultimately, responsibility for individual subjects remains with the headteacher and governors, but much work has been increasingly devolved, at least theoretically, to subject leaders. In this role they need to demonstrate the ability to be both leaders and managers. Whilst some aspects of leadership and management are generic, others may be specific to the subject and type of school. Through interviews with three subject leaders in schools where music is judged to be successful, this article examines their roles from a leadership and management perspective within the context of the existing primary school (3–11 years) structure. The tentative conclusion is that music is different and may need special considerations in equipping subject leaders to work effectively within this type of school.


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