A-Series/B-Series Compatibilism

2019 ◽  
pp. 134-147
Author(s):  
Peter Ludlow
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Perception ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Normative Behavior ◽  
The World

The preceding chapters made the case that perspectival contents are indispensible for accounts of human action, emotion, perception, normative behavior, computation, and information, and that they cannot be eliminated or replaced by aperspectival contents. One idea that has been widely held (and previously held by the author) is the idea that tensism is not compatible with the B-series conception of time. This chapter argues that competing accounts of tense—the A-series and the B-series—are in fact compatible. One can wed perspectival temporal contents to an aperspectival picture of the world without creating fatal philosophical puzzles. The solution, it is argued, is to deploy resources from the dynamic lexicon and understand that perspectival contents are not to be confused with their modes of expression.

Why We Need Interperspectival Content

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Peter Ludlow
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Perception ◽  
Weak Sense ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Rule Following ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Normative Behavior ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Linguistic Rule ◽  
The World

Perspectival content, or what is sometimes called indexical content, is critical to the proper understanding of human action and emotion, perception, consciousness, normative behavior and attitudes, and even linguistic rule following. Recent attempts to eliminate such contents are shown to be unsuccessful. Philosophers have disagreed about whether perspectival content is really a feature of the world, and they have disagreed about whether it is eliminable, but they have more or less been on the same page about one thing: Perspectival content, at least understood in a very weak sense of ‘content’ that includes narrow psychological states, is necessary for the explanation of human action, emotion, etc.

Interperspectival Content and Physical Theory

2019 ◽  
pp. 155-181
Author(s):  
Peter Ludlow
Keyword(s):  
Physical Theory ◽  
Special Theory ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Scientific Investigation ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Special Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Normative Behavior ◽  
Base Level ◽  
Scientific Experimentation ◽  
The World

The book has made the case that linguistic tense and other perspectival language are used to express interperspectival contents and that such contents are needed to explain and understand a number of phenomena, ranging from human action and emotion, to perception, consciousness, normative behavior (understood broadly enough to include the behavior of computers), etc. The fact that physics may not need perspectival contents does not undermine the case for such contents. Indeed, as this chapter argues, perspectival content is critical to the practice of scientific investigation (particularly in the context of scientific experimentation), and may well need to be a component in our base-level descriptions of the world. It is further argued that perspectival contents like tense are compatible with the Special Theory of Relativity, given our theory of the expression of interperspectival contents.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Nisenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Intentional Action ◽  
German Idealism ◽  
Human Action ◽  
The World ◽  
Fundamental Tension

The concluding chapter draws on the story of Rosenzweig’s near conversion to Christianity and return to Judaism to explain why, for Kant and his heirs, what is at issue in reason’s conflict with itself is our ability to affirm both the value of the world and of human action in the world. The chapter explains why Rosenzweig came to view the conflict of reason as the manifestation of a more fundamental tension between one’s selfhood and one’s worldliness, which could only be dissolved by understanding human action in the world as the means by which God is both cognized and partly realized. To make Rosenzweig’s ideas more accessible, the chapter compares them with contemporary interpretations of Kant’s views on the nature of practical knowledge and (intentional) action. It also shows how the book’s take on the issues that shaped the contours of post-Kantian German Idealism can help us see that the conflict of reason can be regarded as the underlying concern that recent competing interpretations of this period share.

scholarly journals CubeSat Development for Lightning Flashes Detection: RaioSat Project

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-93
Author(s):  
Antonio Cassiano Julio Filho ◽  
Auro Tikami ◽  
Elaine de Souza Ferreira de Paula ◽  
Jhonathan Murcia Piñeros ◽  
George Favale Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Severe Weather ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
The World ◽  
Prediction Techniques ◽  
Operational Modes ◽  
Existing Data

Annually, severe weather phenomena are responsible for tens of thousands of deaths and tens of billions of dollars of damage around the world. In Brazil, unlike other hydrometeorological events, severe atmospheric events are random and, therefore, do not have a sociospatial pattern. Because of that, there is a significant motivation to improve the prediction techniques for this kind of events, using high resolution numerical models. A large amount of high-quality observational data is required, including lightning data in a very short-range. In addition, the detection of lightning flashes produced by storms is important for a wide variety of applications and in some areas of scientific research, which include the understanding of the human action on the climate and how the climate change can affect the behavior of storms in long range. One method to monitor the lightning flashes is the implementation of sensors in satellites to obtain data. In this sense, the objective of the RaioSat project is to develop national technology for detecting lightning flashes from the space, in order to complement the existing data from the ground detection network, BrasilDAT. The main objective of this article is to present a methodology for the development of the RaioSat mission including some parts of the preliminary design and operational modes. Additionally, the article describes the expected results and the continuity of the project and a preliminary analysis of a constellation for future projects.

Atonement and the Work of Christ

2018 ◽  
pp. 84-97
Author(s):  
William J. Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Human Action ◽  
Divine Action ◽  
The Core ◽  
The World ◽  
Action Theories ◽  
Core Meaning

In sorting through how best to understand the work of Christ we need a narrative that captures the core meaning of “atonement” and a way to deploy the various theories that abound in the tradition. At the root of the issue is a narrative of reconciliation that highlights the serious alienation that exists between human agents and God. Fixing this problem requires both divine and human action. Theories of atonement seek to spell out the divine action involved. Each has its own advantage in developing complementary descriptions of what has gone wrong with the world and how to fix it.

“I Am the One:” A Monist Looks at the Double Death and Life of Rabba bar Naḥmani

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-50
Author(s):  
Michael Baris
Keyword(s):  
Human Action ◽  
Dual System ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
Dramatic Narrative ◽  
The One

Abstract The rabbis portray two arenas in which Torah is studied. Above the terrestrial academy of the sages, the Rabbis posit a transcendent, celestial yeshiva. This dual system seems central to the rabbinic doctrine of retribution in a sequential afterlife. In contrast to the standard dualist reading and accepted dogma, I propose a monist’s reading of these aggadic texts, which sees a single arena of human action and endeavor, with multivalent significance. My starting point is the dramatic narrative of the persecution, flight, and ultimate death of one of the leading Talmudic sages, Rabba bar Naḥmani. These esoteric stories go beyond familiar taxonomies as modes of concealment. Not cyphers to be cracked, they offer a nuanced way of thinking about the world, accessible through narrative as an adaptive mode of transmission.

Punishment of the offending organ in biblical literature

2005 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yael Shemesh
Keyword(s):  
Human Action ◽  
The Body ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Wisdom Literature ◽  
Biblical Literature ◽  
Prophetic Literature ◽  
Measure For Measure ◽  
The World ◽  
Reward And Punishment

AbstractOne aspect of the principle of "measure for measure" is considered—the idea that the offending organ is punished. This concept can be found in all the biblical genres: narrative, law, the prophetic literature, poetry, and the wisdom literature. The organs that are punished run almost the full length of the body, from head to toe. Sometimes the concept is invoked literally, sometimes only metaphorically. In most cases the punishment is heaven-sent; but there are no few incidents where human action is involved and even animals (twice). In every case, the principle serves a theological function, in that it corroborates the existence of reward and punishment in the world.

scholarly journals Social transcending as a conceptual basis for understanding culture and society

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Zh. V. Latysheva
Keyword(s):  
Personal Development ◽  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
European Philosophy ◽  
Social Creativity

Modern problems of the socio-humanistic sciences, including the interaction of structure/ agency, the ways and forms of both personal development and socio-cultural changes, the transformation of the value status of a social ego, the reinterpretation of its contribution to the creativeness of society require substantial amendments to the definitions and methodology of socio-humanistic research. In order to achieve this goal, the article considers one of the basic concepts of European philosophy, transcending from the point of view which differs from generally accepted. The singularity of the author’s approach is the social notion of this concept and the identification of its integrating capabilities regarding to semantically close concepts and terms of social theory of the 20th – 21st centuries. To reach these objectives, a comparative analysis of the concepts of social transcending and the concepts of action creativity (H. Joas), fabulation (A.-T. Tymieniecka), signification (P. Berger, T. Luckmann), noting (J. Alexander), metalanguage (R. Barthes), agency (E. Giddens et al.) was treated. Social transcending is as intentional and creative as human action. However, the first concept, besides, is intersubjective, communicative and teleological. As a fabulation, social transcending raises a person by means of functioning of many sociocultural practices, above the world of mundanity. However, in fabulation the mechanism of such exaltation is a artistic and aesthetic experience, while in social transcending all the interests peculiar to human beings are used: cognitive, ethical, religious, etc. Signification involves the individually-personal and sign-symbolic aspects of social transcending, its everyday and non-everyday levels, being one of the significant ways of social transcending. Noting and metalanguage also embody the options of signifying of social transcending; by means of agensy its dynamism is revealed. The author comes to the conclusion that the generic conceptual-substantive basis of the analyzed concepts is social transcending, which «incorporates» the most important processes of social creativity.

scholarly journals Representações e concepções relativas à mulher em postais franceses da Grande Guerra (1914-1918)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Kimberly Natalie Diehl
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Human Action ◽  
World War ◽  
The World

Partindo do pressuposto que as imagens são também documento e monumento (LE GOFF, 1996), pois são produtos da ação humana que revelam marcas do passado, este artigo tem por objetivo analisar como as mulheres são representadas em um conjunto de cartões postais franceses, difundidos no contexto da Primeira Guerra Mundial (1914-1918). Nesses postais, as imagens diferem do real, logo, colaboraram para construir e propagar concepções e valores relativos a noções de gênero.Palavras-chave: Cartões-Postais, Representações, Gênero, Primeira Guerra Mundial. Abstract Assuming that images are also document and monument (LE GOFF, 1996) since are products of the human action that reveals past marks, this article aims to analyze how women were displayed in French postcard sets in the World War I background (1914-1918). The postcards' images differ from real which, and then, they allow to construct and propagate conceptions and values related to notions of gender.Keywords: Postcards, Representations, Gender, World War I.

scholarly journals From Slyness to Moral Wisdom in the Era of Emergent Technologies

wisdom ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Ana Bazak
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Theoretical Level ◽  
Great Expectations ◽  
Emergent Technologies ◽  
The Third ◽  
Moral Wisdom ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Problems ◽  
New Type

The first aim of this paper is to circumscribe the concept of wisdom from the standpoint of op­posite as well as close notions. The second one is to relate moral wisdom to social conditions; this as­pect emphasises two states of moral wisdom or, ra­ther, two levels on which the concept has been conceived: that of a fragmented and separated cognisance and manners to manage one’s own existence – whether this entity is an individual per­son or a small or large community – and that of an integrated wisdom of humanity in a holistic app­roach. The third aim of this research is to question if and how moral wisdom should be redefined in the present “Era of Emergent Technologies”. Indeed, the abundance of rapid scientific discoveries and of technologies unimaginable before generates great expectations and strong technophile beliefs concer­ning a spectacular and fundamental improvement of human life, generally, thus of every human per­son and community. But as we can see, it is not quite the case: just this incongruent situation allows, more, requires the re-questioning of the concept of moral wisdom nowadays. This re-ques­tioning shows that the different traditional repre­sentations of moral wisdom have to be transcen­ded and that on the theoretical level the urgency is to think within new categories and support a new type of human action adequate to the world global problems whose climbing demonstrates the back­wardness of moral wisdom.

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