Political economy of inequality in Chile: historical institutions, taxation, and elite power

2020 ◽  
pp. 746-785
Author(s):  
Javier González
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Class Struggle ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
The Political ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Level Of Economic Development

The chapter analyses the political economy of inequality in Chile from a historical perspective, highlighting the need to use a holistic institutional approach in order to unravel persistent structural inequalities. It examines the power of elites to shape formal rules to their advantage, studying the income distribution of the top 1 per cent and the key characteristics of the Chilean tax system. This institution is analysed for its centrality to the distributive class struggle of a society. The analysis shows that Chile’s income concentration at the top 1 per cent is extremely high, even when compared to OECD countries when the latter had the same level of economic development as Chile today. Therefore, the levels of inequality in Chile cannot be fully explained by market forces, as the neoclassical approach suggests, nor by Chile’s level of economic development; instead, data suggest the existence of an ‘institutional lag’ (exemplified by the current tax system), sustained by asymmetries of power.

The Political Economy of China's Dramatically Improved Coal Safety Record

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Tim Wright
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
The Political ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Remarkable Improvement ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Economic Health ◽  
Official Data

Abstract China's coal safety has improved dramatically since 2003. This article will present the official data and conclude that it is almost impossible that the figures conceal a situation where there has not been remarkable improvement. Structural factors including China's level of economic development, changes in the labour market and the economic health of the industry have played an important role, but state commitment and policies have been central at least to the speed and magnitude of the improvement.

scholarly journals The Political Economy of Agricultural Research in Pakistan

1981 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmood Hasan Khan
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
The Political ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Distribution Measurement ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Production Relations

This study is premised on the propo1ition that economic research on agriculture in Pakistan has concentrated on narrow and technocratic aspects without reference to the structure of production relations among various and contending classes of farmers. The paper identifies three major and so far largely unexplored areas of agricultural research, viz. set of relationships among farm groups and their impact on agricultural production and income distribution, measurement and interpretation of participation by these groups in production activities in the private and public sectors, and the land tax system and its effect on issues of growth and equity.

The Contributions of the political economy approach: An analysis of Socio-economic development in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Falih Suaedi ◽  
Muhmmad Saud
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
The Political ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Political Economy Approach

This article explores in what ways political economy as an analytical framework for developmental studies has contributed to scholarships on Indonesian’s contemporary discourse of development. In doing so, it reviews important scholarly works on Indonesian political and economic development since the 1980s. The argument is that given sharp critiques directed at its conceptual and empirical utility for understanding changes taking place in modern Indonesian polity and society, the political economy approach continues to be a significant tool of research specifically in broader context of comparative politics applied to Indonesia and other countries in Southeast Asia. The focus of this exploration, however, has shifted from the formation of Indonesian bourgeoisie to the reconstitution of bourgeois oligarchy consisting of the alliance between the politico-bureaucratic elite and business families. With this in mind, the parallel relationship of capitalist establishment and the development of the state power in Indonesia is explainable.<br>

The Political Economy of Alcohol

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Sasges
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
The Political ◽  
New Era ◽  
New Ways Of Working ◽  
Enterprise Groups ◽  
Step Down ◽  
Traditional Industry ◽  
State Protection

When A.R. Fontaine arrived in Tonkin in 1886, he was quick to see the potential of applying new technologies to a traditional industry, and to grasp the importance of state protection for the success of his fledgling enterprise. From modest origins, he built a business empire that included everything from distilleries to coal mines to bicycle factories. Fontaine’s was one of the colonial conglomerates that played a central role in the economy’s “Indochinese moment,” introducing new technologies and familiarizing Indochinese with new ways of working, consuming and being. However, the downturn that began in Indochina in 1928 exposed the weakness of many of these enterprise groups. When A.R. Fontaine was forced to step down as President of the SFDIC in 1932, it signified the start of a new era of economic development directed not from Hanoi or Saigon, but rather from Paris.

Re-Engaging Critical Communication Studies With Social Classes

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-97
Author(s):  
Gökhan Bulut
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Class Struggle ◽  
Capitalist Society ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Homogeneous Structure ◽  
The Political ◽  
Class Relations ◽  
The Media ◽  
Communication Practices ◽  
The Relationship

This article is an attempt to reestablish the linkage of the political economy of communication with the field of social classes and class relations. Studies in the field of political economy of communication are mostly shaped within the scope of instrumentalist explanation: Social communication institutions such as communication and media are perceived as a very homogeneous structure and these institutions are directly considered as the apparatus of capital and capitalists. However, in this study, it is argued that in capitalist societies, communication, and media should be understood as a field and medium of class struggle loaded with contradictions. Another point is that the political economy of communication is mostly limited to media studies. However, in today's capitalist societies, the media is not the only structure and actor in which communication forms. In this study, communication practices in capitalist society are discussed in the context of class discussions and the relationship between class struggle, culture and communication is discussed.

Beyond Weimar: The Long Crisis of Liberalism, the Political Economy of the Interwar Conjuncture and the Foundations of Neo-liberalism

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-72
Author(s):  
Michael A. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Carl Schmitt ◽  
The Political ◽  
Karl Polanyi ◽  
Weimar Germany ◽  
The Social ◽  
Hans Kelsen ◽  
Crisis Of Liberalism

<Online Only>This chapter examines authoritarian liberalism as a more general phenomenon ‘beyond Weimar’. It looks outside Weimar Germany and takes a longer historical perspective, revealing deeper tensions in liberalism itself, specifically its inability to respond to the issue of socio-economic inequality in a mass democracy. The major Weimar constitutional theorists—Hans Kelsen, Carl Schmitt, and Hermann Heller—had no answer to the social question as a matter of constitutional self-defence. The chapter then discusses the political economy of the various crises across Europe—in Italy, France, and Austria—revealing a similar quandary. As Karl Polanyi argued, in these contexts, the turn to authoritarian liberalism fatally weakened political democracy and left it disarmed when faced with the fascist countermovement. Later in the interwar period, proposals for neo-liberalism would be introduced, symbolized by the organization of the Walter Lippman Colloquium in 1938.</Online Only>

scholarly journals Socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics in a new era

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-325
Author(s):  
Yinxing Hong
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Content Type ◽  
New Era ◽  
Economic Operation ◽  
Theoretical System ◽  
Chinese Characteristics ◽  
Level Analysis

PurposeThe socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics reflects the characteristics of ushering into a new era, and the research object thereof shifts to productive forces. Emancipating and developing productive forces and achieving common prosperity become the main theme. Wealth supersedes value as the fundamental category of economic analysis.Design/methodology/approachThe theoretical system of socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics cannot proceed from transcendental theories but is problem-oriented. Leading problems involve development stages and research-level problems.FindingsThe economic operation analysis is subject to the goal of optimal allocation of resources with micro-level analysis focused on efficiency and macro-level analysis focused on economic growth and macroeconomic stability also known as economic security. The economic development analysis explores the laws of development and related development concepts in compliance with laws of productive forces. The new development concepts i.e. the innovative coordinated green open and shared development drive the innovation of development theory in political economy.Originality/valueAccordingly, the political economy cannot study the system only, but also needs to study the problems of economic operation and economic development. Therefore, the theoretical system of the political economy tends to encompass three major parts, namely economic system, economic operation and economic development (including foreign economy). The basic economic system analysis needs to understand the relationship between public ownership and non-public ownership, between distribution according to work and factor payments, and between socialism and market economy from the perspective of coexistence theory, thus transforming institutional advantage into governance advantage.

The political economy of energy regulation in OECD countries

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 816-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Ping Chang ◽  
Aziz N. Berdiev
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
The Political ◽  
Energy Regulation
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