Imperilling the health of the global environmental commons

2019 ◽  
pp. 267-295
Author(s):  
Ronald Labonté ◽  
Arne Ruckert
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Human Survival ◽  
Environmental Threat ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Wealth Inequalities

Alongside persisting and massive wealth inequalities, the ecological toll that human population growth and the economic appropriation of natural resources has taken on the sustainability of the myriad ecosystems essential to human survival is now the major threat to future health and human survival. With ecologists arguing that we have entered a new geologic era (the Anthropocene) in which our planet is shaped almost entirely by human activity, the greatest environmental threat is often considered to be climate change. But there are few of the ecological boundaries on which life depends that are not in crisis of being breached. The causes and the consequences of this looming health catastrophe are wholly inequitable: the wealthy benefit, the poor pay the price. There is some technological optimism on the horizon, but fundamentally the present excesses of human consumption and productions, and their misallocation globally, require a rapid reversal if the intent of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, and the targets of the new Sustainable Development Goals are to have any chance of attainment.

scholarly journals Facteurs affectant les stratégies d’adaptation des éleveurs aux changements climatiques: cas des parcours d'El Ouara au Sud Tunisien

New Medit ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Houda Rjili ◽  
Mohamed JAOUAD
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
The South ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Environmental Threat ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Changements Climatiques

Climate change is a global environmental threat to all economic activities, especially the livestock activity. The South of Tunisia, where animal husbandry is a fundamental element of the domestic economy, is more influenced by these negatives effects due to the arid climate. The objective of this study is to identify strategies and levers mitigation and adaptation to climate change developed by breeders on based on available factors. For this purpose, a survey conducted among 73 breeders on the rangelands of El Ouara, in the South of Tunisia. Results emerges that breeders use various adaptation strategies principally, supplementation, integration agriculture-livestock and conduct’s mode through different types such as association. The result of the model reveal that age of breeder, herd size, agricultural area, member of an association, subsidies and well ownerships are the most factors which significantly influence the adaptation choices of breeders to cope to climate change. The results proved too that adaptation to climate change was inhibited by many factors such as luck of workforce labor, lack of water and financial resources as well the degradation of the rangelands.

scholarly journals Human Relationships with Domestic and Other Animals: One Health, One Welfare, One Biology

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel M Tarazona ◽  
Maria C Ceballos ◽  
Donald M Broom
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Change ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Human Population ◽  
One Health ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
Domesticated Animals

Excessive human population growth, uncontrolled use of natural resources, including deforestation, mining, wasteful systems, biodiversity reduction by agriculture, and damaging climate change affect the existence of all animals, including humans. This discussion is now urgent and people are rethinking their links with the animals we use for clothing, food, work, companionship, entertainment, and research. The concepts of one health, one welfare, and one biology are discussed as a background to driving global change. Nothing should be exploited without considering the ethics of the action and the consequences. This review concerns domesticated animals, including those used for human consumption of meat, eggs, and milk; horses kept for work; and dogs kept for company. Animal welfare includes health, emotional state, and comfort while moving and resting, and is affected by possibilities to show behavior and relationships with others of the same species or with humans. We show some examples of the relations between humans and domesticated animals in the environmental context, including zoonotic diseases, and consider the consequences and the new paradigms resulting from current awareness.

scholarly journals ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (9SE) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
AbidaShamim Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Severe Weather ◽  
Environmental Threat ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
The World ◽  
Rising Sea Level

The whole world is on the terrifying cross-roads of global environmental threat. Last several years, particularly the last two years dominated the headlines about the serious threat climate change posed to the world. The more frequent severe weather conditions which result from climate change or global warming in the form of storms, tornadoes, tsunamis, floods, droughts, rising sea level and such other catastrophes have raised the economic cost of the natural disasters. The result, it appears, is beyond our control and, perhaps, there is no immediate answer to it.

Developmental crises affecting the United Nations’ Millennium Development Goal achievements in Bangladesh: a critical perspective

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleh Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Potential Success ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Global Environmental Changes

This chapter examines the developmental challenges faced by Bangladesh during the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and how the country attempted to overcome them. The MDGs were conceptualised with the aim of reducing some of the world's major human development challenges by 2015. However, a number of contemporary global challenges, such as economic recession and environmental degradation, made it difficult for some countries to achieve the MDGs by 2015. This was particularly true for the poor and marginalised populations in the Global South. The chapter first provides an overview of the history, achievements and challenges of the MDGs before discussing the challenges within the Bangladesh context, including: a large population, massive poverty, inequality, global environmental changes, weak governance and confrontational politics, politically motivated communal and ethnic violence, weak civil society and unstable economy. It also considers the potential success of the Post-2015 Development Agenda taking into account all future challenges.

scholarly journals Impacts of climate change on agriculture in Senegal: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Abubakar Ahmed ◽  
Mukhtar Suleiman ◽  
Musbahu Jibrin Abubakar ◽  
Abba Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Uncertainty Range ◽  
Environmental Threat ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Monitoring And Forecasting ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Climate change is a global environmental threat, affecting every sector of the economy with agriculture being the most affected as a result of its dependence on climate especially rainfall and temperature. The objective of this study is to examine the impacts of climate change on agriculture (crop production) and identify the farmers’ adaptation strategies to the impacts of climate change in Senegal. This study employed systematic literature review. Searching of relevant documents were conducted between 26th December 2020 and 10th February, 2021. A comprehensive search of six databases were conducted. The databases searched were Scopus, African Journal Online (AJOL), ProQuest, Elsevier, Research gate, and Google scholar. The findings revealed that temperature is expected to increase by median value of 0.90C (0.70C-1.50C) by 2035, by 2.10 (1.60C-3.30C) by 2065, and 4.00C (2.6-5.90C) by 2100 and rainfall could increase by 1% (uncertainty range of −4% to +8%) by 2035, 2% (−8% to +8%) by 2065, and 5% (−10% to +16%) by 2100. As a result of rising temperatures, local agricultural production will be less than 50kg per capita by 2050. This is expected to have an effect on crop imports as well as regional migration. The decrease in rainfall under RCP2.6, (Representative Concentration Pathway) combined with the effect of temperature, has a significant impact on the yield of sorghum, maize, and millet, with production decreasing by up to 20-50%. Farmers employed several adaptation strategies to adapt to the impacts of climate change; sowing improved variety, mixed cropping, income diversification, ownership of multiple farms, religious practices in form of prayer. The review recommends strengthening of climate related institutions, adoption of new innovations, implementation of new climate related policies, climate monitoring and forecasting, enhancing and strengthening community-based adaptation through sensitization and incentives.

A review of microplastic pollution in commercial fish for human consumption

2022 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pouran Makhdoumi ◽  
Hooshyar Hossini ◽  
Meghdad Pirsaheb
Keyword(s):  
Health Hazard ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Environmental Threat ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Fish Samples

Abstract Today microplastics (MPs) have received worldwide attention as an emerging environmental pollution which is one of the four major global environmental threat and health hazard to human as well. Unfortunately, MPs have been founded in the all environments and media include air, water resources, sediments, and soil. It should not be forgotten MPs have also been detected in food and processing products like tuna. MPs can be ingested by marine organisms such as zooplankton, fish and birds. Accumulation and distribution of MPs by commercially important aquatic organisms is expected to lead to greater exposure risk for human populations with possible adverse effects over time. The aim of this work was to review the published literature regarding the contamination of commercial fish muscle for human consumption. Furthermore, a short revision of the environmental contamination and human health effects by MPs are included. We also estimated human daily intake considering the worldwide contamination of commercial fish muscle ranged from 0.016 items/g muscle of fish to 6.06 items/g muscle of fish. MPs have been found in 56.5% of the commercial fish samples analysed here. As fish is used in human food table across the word, they constitute a long-term exposure route for all humans and raise the concern about the potential public health risk.

scholarly journals Climate Justice and Sustained Transnational Mobilization

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-372
Author(s):  
Paul Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
International Organization ◽  
First Century ◽  
Climate Justice ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Environmental Racism ◽  
Environmental Threat ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Transnational Mobilization ◽  
Final Essay

Samir Amin’s final essay called for the creation of a new international organization of progressive social forces. This essay provides evidence from twenty-first century transnational movements on the likelihood of the emergence of such an international organization and the issues and sectors most likely to facilitate coalitional unity.  More specifically, the ecological crises identified by Amin in the form of global warming and climate change create an unprecedented global environmental threat capable of unifying diverse social strata across the planet.  The climate justice movement has already established a global infrastructure and template to coordinate a new international organization to confront neoliberal forms of globalization.  Pre-existing movement organizing around environmental racism, climate justice in the global South, and recent intersectional mobilizations serve as promising models essential to building an enduring international organization representing subaltern groups.

scholarly journals Climate Change, Security, and the Resource Nexus: Case Study of Northern Nigeria and Lake Chad

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10734
Author(s):  
Samuel Wakdok ◽  
Raimund Bleischwitz
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Lake Chad ◽  
Northern Kenya ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Grazing Policy ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

This paper analyses the impacts of climate change and its implications for human security for the regions of Northern Nigeria and Lake Chad. The introduction identifies a gap between evidence on global environmental change and interactions on the ground; it positions the scope for a deeper understanding of the climate–security–resource nexus in Northern Nigeria and Lake Chad and consequences for the implementation of SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals). The section on methods describes the nexus concept and justifies adopting it. As a result of analysing the region, the paper sheds light on the conflict pathways triggered by failures in land grazing policy, which is further evidenced by a short comparison with Northern Kenya. A potentially novel contribution is discussed in terms of scaling up collaboration and green markets for the future of Lake Chad, along with an integrated agricultural nexus policy, both of which are ambitious in the spirit of mission-oriented policies and delivering on the SDGs.

scholarly journals Genius, Creativity and (Not) Eating Meat

2018 ◽  
pp. 187-202
Author(s):  
İsmail Hakkı Tekiner ◽  
Ahmad Ni'matullah Al-Baarri ◽  
Diana Bogueva
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Marketing ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Human History ◽  
Animal Domestication ◽  
Eating Meat ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Intellectual Abilities ◽  
Climate Change And Health

A major hypothesis argues that the dietary shifts of the proto-humans towards animal proteins enabled humans to develop large brains as well as build planning, cooperating, socializing, exploring and creative skills, related to food techniques, including using fire, cooking, fermentation, agriculture and animal domestication. Many million years later, human population has drastically increased and livestock has grown even faster creating unprecedented global environmental, climate change and health challenges. This chapter asks whether animal meat continues to be essential for human nutrition. It refers to prominent people in human history considered geniuses because of their creative and intellectual abilities. It explores whether there is a link between genius, creativity and eating meat and answers this in the negative based on well-known geniuses who have negated the meat-eating diet. Social marketing can anchor some of its techniques in using such personalities as role models for changing the current high dependence on meat.

scholarly journals From Silos to Synergies: G20 Governance of the SDGs, Climate Change & Digitalization

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-54
Author(s):  
John Kirton ◽  
◽  
Brittaney Warren ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Address Climate Change ◽  
Digital Revolution ◽  
Agenda 2030 ◽  
Climate Action ◽  
Development Goals

How well and why have Group of 20 (G20) summits advanced Agenda 2030’s sustainable development goals (SDGs) in a synergistic way, with climate change and digitization at the core? An answer to this urgent, indeed existential, question comes from a systematic analysis of G20 summit governance of the SDGs, climate change and digitization to assess the ambition and appropriateness of advances within each pillar and the synergistic links among them. This analysis examines G20 governance of the SDGs, sustainable development, climate change and digitization across the major dimensions of performance and evaluates how performance has changed and become synergistic with the advent of the SDGs in 2015 and the shock of the COVID-19 crisis in 2020. The latter has shown the need to prevent global ecological crises and spurred the digitization of the economy, society and health. Yet, G20 summit governance has largely remained in separate silos, doing little to use the digital revolution to address climate change or reach the SDGs. This highlights the need for G20 leaders to forge links at their future summits by mainstreaming the SDGs and mobilizing the digital revolution and climate action for future health and well-being.

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