Regionalism and Political Regimes

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-33
Author(s):  
Anastassia V. Obydenkova ◽  
Alexander Libman
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Democratic Peace ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Political Regimes ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
External Dimension

This chapter contributes to these ongoing debates and critically re-examines existing literature on regional integration and modern autocracies. In particular, it addresses some of the streams of the literature: theoretical studies looking at regionalism world-wide; studies on whether autocracies can cooperate; and studies on autocracy diffusion and cooperation. The chapter identifies the research gaps in the literature and raises theoretical and empirical questions, which are addressed in the book. This chapter provides an overview of the existing literature on democratic peace and the emerging studies on dictatorial peace; on the external dimension of authoritarianism; and on the international cooperation of autocracies.

Nature and prospects of the EURATOM fusion programme

1987 ◽  
Vol 322 (1563) ◽  
pp. 199-211 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Nuclear Fusion ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Energy Problem ◽  
Full Size ◽  
Joint Construction ◽  
The Creation

The seriousness of the energy problem and the attractiveness of providing mankind, through the use of nuclear fusion, with a potentially inexhaustible and environmentally friendly new fuel, was already obvious in the 1950s. We were aware of the formidable scientific and technological difficulties that lay ahead and that a long-term effort would have to be sustained through all possible fluctuations of an economic and political nature; this is what motivated us to establish a common European Fusion Programme more than 25 years ago. This programme designed, in conformity with reiterated Council decisions, to lead to the joint construction of prototype reactors (provided that they appeared feasible) has absorbed the fusion activities of the member countries and has even attracted two non-member countries to join. The main results obtained in the associated European Laboratories will be briefly reviewed. A full-size test of the efficiency of the programme is the creation of JET. In fulfilment of our task we are now operating JET and preparing the Next Step, NET, two strictly linked activities, with support to both from a number of associated laboratories. For the reasons listed above there is hardly another research area that is more suited than fusion for world-wide international cooperation, and in this respect the EURATOM programme is particularly attractive mainly because of JET. The suitability of such a cooperation could become even more manifest for the Next Step, which is a much more sophisticated and expensive device than JET.

scholarly journals Regional integration and Brazilian Foreign Policy: Strategies in the South American space

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (48) ◽  
pp. 51-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Soreanu Pecequilo ◽  
Corival Alves do Carmo
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
South American ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Foreign Policy Strategies

The aim of the article is to present, based on theoretical studies of integration, the evolution of this process in Latin America and, most recently, in South America. Based on these studies, the goal is to analyze the role played by Brazil in the process, which defines as priorities of its foreign policy a regional and global framework for its international action that is based on both cooperation and power projection.The research has been conducted based on theories of integration, an historical background on Latin American integration and in Brazilian foreign policy, through its contemporary agenda. The answer was based on a comparative agenda and in a bibliographical critical analysis of the research material.The main findings of the paper point out that Latin American integration has specific features linked to the economic, political and stragetic realities of the continent that show the limitations of some theories applied to the European process, also that it depends on Brazilian foreign policy actions, that still sees the region as instrumental to its interests. So, Brazil sometimes fail to fulfill some requisites of integration that are essential to sustain its projects. Therefore, there is a cycle of enlargement and deepening of regional integration process in this political space that point out to the need of a more sustained compromise of Brazilian foreign policy towards these projects. If Brazil continues not to sustain these projects, they will lose momentum and significance once more, increasing power asymmetries in the region.

scholarly journals Wpływ globalizacji i integracji w ramach MERCOSUR na wymianę handlową produktów przemysłu samochodowego Brazylii w latach 1990–2006

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 63-78
Author(s):  
Mirosław Wójtowicz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
World Wide ◽  
The Other ◽  
Integration Policy ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Domestic Markets ◽  
Other Hand

The aim of this paper is determining the influence of the globalization and regional integration processes on the Brazilian automobile industry. The paper also contains the analysis of changes in the state’s industrial policy towards this sector and their influence on winning new foreign investments. The analysis also concerns changes in the MERCOSUR integration policy towards the automobile industry. It was observed that the changes that occurred in the Brazilian automobile industry in the years 1990–2006 are to a large extent a consequence of world-wide transformations in the sector, caused by globalization. On one hand, the changes consisted in modernizing the existing plants, and on the other hand – in emergence of completely new enterprises that aimed at global expansion on the so-called rising markets. This led to the increase in production, diversification of the assortment of available models, and the increase in competition on the Brazilian market.As for integration policy, the member states tried to postpone as long as possible complete liberalization of products trade in this industry within MERCOSUR. Owing to this, they were able to conduct individual policies in this sector, on one hand trying to maintain the barriers that protected their domestic markets, and on the other hand, trying to offer as much as possible to attract foreign investors. This led to numerous conflicts and great tension, chiefly between Argentina and Brazil, which endangered the process of economic integration. Still, the emerging problems were successfully overcome and the barriers for automobile industry trade within MERCOSUR were gradually eliminated. It was reflected in the rapid increase in car trade between the two countries in years 2003–2006.

scholarly journals Consumer Purchasing Decision Improvement Model through Brand Image, Religiosity, Brand Ambassador and Brand Awareness

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Wuryanti Kuncoro ◽  
Hanifah Azhar Windyasari
Keyword(s):  
Brand Image ◽  
Marketing Management ◽  
Brand Awareness ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Purchasing Decision ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Brand Ambassadors

In several studies, theoretically, companies that have good brand ambassadors will produce good purchasing decisions. However, empirically, it does not guarantee that brand ambassadors are able to produce good purchasing decisions. This gap is interesting to study in depth. Based on theoretical studies and according to the viewpoint of previous research, the concept of brand awareness is expected to be a solution in overcoming research gaps in brand ambassadors and consumer purchasing decisions. Companies that use brand ambassadors that generate good brand awareness are companies that are able to increase consumer purchasing decisions. For this reason, 150 Tokopedia users in Central Java were researched and tested the linkages between research variables. This phenomenon study is expected to contribute to the development of science, especially marketing management.

scholarly journals A Study on International Cooperation in APTERR for Food Security

2021 ◽  
pp. 159-175
Author(s):  
Kummin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Member States ◽  
Intergovernmental Cooperation ◽  
Asean Member ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Successful Case ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
The Relationship

This study is aimed at explicating the phenomenon of international cooperation and regional integration in case of a global crisis. To achieve the aim of this study, a well-structured questionnaire was conducted to participants at two different events. First, this study examines the relationship between food crises and the institutionalization of intergovernmental cooperation to deal with them. Second, it examines the key determining factors for the institutionalization of intergovernmental cooperation to deal with food crises. This study focuses on the ASEAN Plus Three Emergency Rice Reserve (APTERR) as a successful case of the institutionalization of intergovernmental cooperation to deal with food crises, and examines the above two issues by administering questionnaires to two groups of individuals: agricultural officials of the ASEAN member states who attended a seminar in Thailand (23 participants) and officials and scholars of the ASEAN member states who attended a seminar in Vietnam (22 participants) in 2018. The results show the relationship between food crises and institutionalized international cooperation, such as APTERR, among the Asian countries. First, this study reveals that certain circumstances, such as food crises, can stimulate institutionalized international cooperation, by providing a more profound insight into the complex interplays among the governments of nation-states. Second, when nations share an understanding of a common policy alternative or solution, the institutionalization of intergovernmental cooperation to deal with food crises is more likely to develop successfully. It is also confirmed that 'institutionalization of international cooperation' is possible through the sharing ofcommon policy solution under the situation of repeated and serious crises. These conditions tell us that intergovernmental cooperation such as APTERR is an exceptional phenomenon for nation-states that emphasize autonomy and independence. This study highlighted the key issues of the relationship between food crises and institutionalization of cooperation while trying to identify key determining factors in establishing an internationally coordinated mechanism for food security.

Membership and Governance

2019 ◽  
pp. 76-92
Author(s):  
Anastassia V. Obydenkova ◽  
Alexander Libman
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Political Regimes ◽  
Regional Organizations ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Large N

This chapter quantitatively tests the theoretical framework outlined above using a novel dataset containing detailed information on fifty-four regional organizations. In particular, the chapter looks into two aspects of NDROs compared to DROs: membership composition and governance. This chapter reports the results of a large-N analysis of a world-wide sample of regional organizations. It presents evidence on the heterogeneity of their membership and their governance structure. We show that NDROs are substantially more heterogeneous by including countries with different political regimes and income levels (as well as, in line with some evidence, culture and religion). We also show the predominance of person-based decision-making mechanisms involving the highest leadership in the NDROs rather than of supranational bureaucracies. Both features are linked to the characteristics of modern autocracies.

World Wide Weber

2011 ◽  
pp. 267-281
Author(s):  
Nicolas Pejout
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Public Services ◽  
African State ◽  
Political Regimes ◽  
The South ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Shed Light

Many of African States are focusing on ICTs and developing e-government infrastructures in order to fasten and improve their “formalisation strategy”. This philosophy drives the South African State in its impressive efforts to deploy an efficient and pervasive e-government architecture for its citizens to enjoy accurate public services and for this young democracy to be “useful” to them. By focusing on the South African case, people will be able to understand the role of ICTs as tools to register, formalise and normalise, supporting the final objective of Weberian rationalisation. The author will consider the historical process of this strategy, across different political regimes (from Apartheid to democracy). He will see how it is deployed within a young democracy, aiming at producing a balance between two poles: a formal existence of citizens for them to enjoy a “delivery democracy” in which they are to be transparent; an informal existence of citizens for them to live freely in their private and intimate sphere. In this tension, South Africa, given its history, is paradigmatic and can shed light on many other countries, beyond Africa.

scholarly journals The International Meteor Organization

1991 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. 335-338
Author(s):  
M. Gyssens ◽  
A. Knöfel ◽  
J. Rendtel ◽  
P. Roggemans
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The World

AbstractFounded in 1988, the International Meteor Organization (IMO) is an international scientific non-profit association with members all over the world. The IMO was created in response to an ever growing need for international cooperation of amateur work. As such, the main objectives of the IMO are to encourage, support and coordinate meteor observing, to improve the quality of amateur observations, to make global analyses of observations received world-wide, to develop contacts between amateurs and professionals, and to disseminate the observations and results obtained to other amateurs and to the professional community.

Global and Regional Cooperation on Migration

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Geddes
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Regional Governance ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Policy Ideas ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Institutional System ◽  
The Eu

The problem of international migration is that global cooperation is somewhat rare. If international cooperation is to develop, then it will depend on states; but effective cooperation would also impose real constraints on states. Moreover, as states and their borders give meaning to international migration, it follows that the development, consolidation, and transformation of the state system is a key factor determining the possibilities for the global and regional governance of migration to develop. Existing forms of regional integration and their migration provisions as well as regional consultation processes (RCPs) can serve as a mechanism for intraregional communication, the sharing of knowledge, and for the dissemination of policy ideas and practices. The EU has already been discussed as the world’s most highly developed form of regional integration. It is the only international organization with the power and capacity to make and implement laws through its own institutional system that must be implemented by member states. The EU moreover has a highly developed system of internal free movement for nationals of its own states and has developed a border-free travel area for participating states. These developments constitute the hallmark of a highly developed intra-EU migration framework linked to the creation of the “single market.”

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