Do not group quantitative variables

2020 ◽  
pp. 219-222
Author(s):  
Bendix Carstensen
Keyword(s):  
Utility Function ◽  
The Other ◽  
Optimal Decision ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Decision Point ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Optimal Decisions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Continuous Predictor ◽  
Predicted Risk

This chapter explores the problems caused by categorizing quantitative variables (here termed continuous variables). Optimum decisions are made by applying a utility function to a predicted value. At the decision point, one can solve for the personalized cutpoint for predicted risk that optimizes the decision. Dichotomization on independent variables is completely at odds with making optimal decisions. To make an optimal decision, the cutpoint for a predictor would necessarily be a function of the continuous values of all the other predictors. Moreover, categorization assumes that the relationship between the predictor and the response is flat within intervals; this assumption is far less reasonable than a linearity assumption in most cases. Categorization of continuous variables using percentiles is particularly hazardous. To make a continuous predictor be more accurately modelled when categorization is used, multiple intervals are required.

Social indicators and psychiatric admission rates: a case-register study in the Netherlands

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sjoerd Sytema
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
The Other ◽  
Logit Models ◽  
Need For Care ◽  
Psychiatric Admission ◽  
Case Register ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Admission Rates ◽  
The Relationship

SYNOPSISEnvironmental as well as individual socio-demographic and illness characteristics are related to the risk of admission. This paper addresses the problem of the interrelationships of these factors to admission rates. Using the Groningen Psychiatric Case Register, admission rates (during 1986 and 1987) from 34 administrative areas were calculated. Logit models were fitted in order to test the relationship between the relative risk of being admitted and sex, age, marital status, diagnosis, urbanization and distance from facilities. The effect of urbanization remains under the control of the other independent variables. The concept of ‘need for care’, related to ‘true’ and ‘treated’ incidence, is discussed.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN METODE PERMUKAAN RESPONS DALAM MASALAH OPTIMALISASI

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
ADE KUSUMA DEWI ◽  
I WAYAN SUMARJAYA ◽  
I GUSTI AYU MADE SRINADI
Keyword(s):  
Orthogonal Polynomial ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Polynomial Method ◽  
Response Variable ◽  
Optimal Response ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Surface Method ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Relationship

The experiments were conducted to determine the relationship between response variable and independent variable and the effect of independent variables to response variable. Multiple comparison tests can be used to find the level that makes optimal response. However, this test has a drawback that it only finds the optimal level tested at the level being considered. Thus test is more suitable for qualitative independent variables. On the other hand, for quantitative independent variables we can use the orthogonal polynomial method and response surface method (RSM).The purpose of this research is to apply RSM to produce optimal response. It can be concluded that RSM is an efficient used to find the level of independent variables to makes optimal response.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMERIKSAAN PAJAK TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS PENERIMAAN PAJAK PENGHASILAN BADAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-143
Author(s):  
Neng Siti RW ◽  
Agus Bagianto ◽  
Yuniati Yuniati
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Linear Regression Equation ◽  
Compensation Policy ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Direct Compensation ◽  
The Relationship

Human resources are a supporting factor for companies to survive in competition. Compensation plays an important role in improving employee performance, one of the main reasons a person works is to make ends meet. Someone will work maximally to get the compensation in accordance with expectations. The compensation policy in addition to rewarding employees for the work performed by employees is also one way to retain potential employees. Based on the variables studied, the research method used in this research is descriptive and associative method. Descriptive research is a study conducted to determine the value of independent variables and does not make the comparison of variables with other variables Descriptive research here aims to obtain a picture of direct compensation, indirect compensation and employee performance at PT Pranata Jaya Abadi. While the method of associative research is research that aims to determine the influence or also the relationship between two variables or more. The results of this study show a multiple linear regression equation as follows: Y = 0.414 + 0.997X1 + 0.866X2, which can be interpreted as that the variables X1 and X2 are zero (0), then the variable Y will be worth 0.414 units; if the direct compensation (X1) increases by one unit and the other variable is constant, then the Y variable will increase by 0.997 units, and if the indirect compensation (X2) increases by one unit and the other variable is constant, then the Y variable will increase by 0.866 units. The conclusion of this study obtained the value of determination coefficient of 82.7% or the value of 0.827 which indicates the meaning that direct compensation (X1) and indirect compensation (X2) gives simultaneous effect of 82.7% on employee performance (Y ). While the rest of 17.3% influenced by other factors that ignored the author. The value of Adjusted R2 0.820 or the value of 82.0% indicating the meaning that, if there are other independent variables to be included, direct and indirect compensation variables, remain to have an effect of 82.0%. Against employee performance.

scholarly journals Oil Price Shocks and Stock Market Performance: A comparison between Oil Exporting and Oil Importing Nations

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-134
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farhan ◽  
◽  
Syed Shahid Zaheer Zaidi
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
The Other ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Stock Market Performance ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bound Test ◽  
The Relationship

The paper explores the impact of shocks in oil prices on the stock market for the oil importing and exporting nations. As Pakistan is heavily dependent on imports of oil therefore, we focus on Pakistan as an oil importing nation and have taken Iran, as an oil exporting nation because, it is considered to be among top ten nations of the world that exports oil. Various studies in Pakistan have investigates the relationship between shocks in prices of oil and return on the stock but none of the study has examined the association between shocks in oil prices and return on the stock market by comparing Pakistan and Iran as an oil importer and exporter nations of the world. This study has employed Autoregressive Distributed Lag model to find out the relationship between dependent and independent variables. We have taken prices of oil as an independent variable, whereas, stock price has been taken as a dependent variable. On the other hand, rate of exchange and rate of interest are the other independent variables. The results of this study and bound test reveals a long run association between prices of oil and the stock return for both nations. It has been indicated in the results that high oil prices have an adverse impact on market of stock for an oil importing nation (i.e., Pakistan) and have positively impacted on Iran which is an oil exporter nation. The results confirm that oil price shock contributed towards positively affecting the market of stock of an oil exporter nation but negatively affected the stock market if an oil importing nation. The author recommended the investors of both nations to evaluate various alternatives to diversify portfolios of their stock market by utilizing other financial assets.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KOMPENSASI LANGSUNG DAN KOMPENSASI TIDAK LANGSUNG TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN BAGIAN STAFF OPERASIONAL PT PRANATA JAYA ABADI BANJARAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-114
Author(s):  
Wandy Zulkarnaen ◽  
Risa Herlina
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Linear Regression Equation ◽  
Compensation Policy ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Direct Compensation ◽  
The Relationship

Human resources are a supporting factor for companies to survive in competition. Compensation plays an important role in improving employee performance, one of the main reasons a person works is to make ends meet. Someone will work maximally to get the compensation in accordance with expectations. The compensation policy in addition to rewarding employees for the work performed by employees is also one way to retain potential employees. Based on the variables studied, the research method used in this research is descriptive and associative method. Descriptive research is a study conducted to determine the value of independent variables and does not make the comparison of variables with other variables Descriptive research here aims to obtain a picture of direct compensation, indirect compensation and employee performance at PT Pranata Jaya Abadi. While the method of associative research is research that aims to determine the influence or also the relationship between two variables or more. The results of this study show a multiple linear regression equation as follows: Y = 0.414 + 0.997X1 + 0.866X2, which can be interpreted as that the variables X1 and X2 are zero (0), then the variable Y will be worth 0.414 units; if the direct compensation (X1) increases by one unit and the other variable is constant, then the Y variable will increase by 0.997 units, and if the indirect compensation (X2) increases by one unit and the other variable is constant, then the Y variable will increase by 0.866 units. The conclusion of this study obtained the value of determination coefficient of 82.7% or the value of 0.827 which indicates the meaning that direct compensation (X1) and indirect compensation (X2) gives simultaneous effect of 82.7% on employee performance (Y ). While the rest of 17.3% influenced by other factors that ignored the author. The value of Adjusted R2 0.820 or the value of 82.0% indicating the meaning that, if there are other independent variables to be included, direct and indirect compensation variables, remain to have an effect of 82.0%. Against employee performance.

scholarly journals Pengaruh CAR dan FDR Terhadap Pembiayaan Murabahah dengan NPF Sebagai Variabel Moderating

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Evita Yulyani ◽  
Nana Diana
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
The Other ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to know the effect of CAR and FDR variables on Murabahah financing partially and simultaneously, besides, this study also examined the influence of NPF variables in moderating the relationship between independent variables and Murabahah financing. This research is a quantitative study with a sample of 11 (eleven) Syariah Commercial Banks registered with the Otoritas Jaa Keuangan in 2015-2019 that meet the researchers' criteria. The data used in this study is secondary data in the form of financial statements obtained from the website of each bank that is a sample of research. The results showed that CAR had no effect and significant on Murabahah financing, FDR had no effect and significant on Murabahah financing, and also simultaneously CAR and FDR did not affect muarabah financing. On the other side, the NPF as moderating variable show that a map to the CAR on Murabahah financing,  the NPF moderating the FDR on Murabahah financing, and also the NPF moderating the influence of CAR and FDR on Murabahah financing simultaneously.

The Relationship Between Suicidal Thinking and Dating Violence in a Sample of Adolescent Abortion Patients

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 246-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gretchen E. Ely ◽  
William R. Nugent ◽  
Julie Cerel ◽  
Mholi Vimbba
Keyword(s):  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Assessment Scale ◽  
Adolescent Dating Violence ◽  
Adolescent Relationships ◽  
Suicidal Thinking ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The relationship between suicidal thinking and adolescent dating violence has not been previously explored in a sample of adolescent abortion patients. Aims: This paper highlights a study where the relationship between dating violence and severity of suicidal thinking was examined in a sample of 120 young women ages 14–21 seeking to terminate an unintended pregnancy. Methods: The Multidimensional Adolescent Assessment Scale and the Conflict in Adolescent Relationships Scale was used to gather information about psychosocial problems and dating violence so that the relationship between the two problems could be examined, while controlling for the other psychosocial problems. Results: The results suggest that dating violence was related to severity of suicidal thinking, and that the magnitude of this relationship was moderated by the severity of problems with aggression. Conclusions: Specifically, as the severity of participant’s general problems with aggression increased, the magnitude of the relationship between dating violence and severity of suicidal thinking increased. Limitations of the study and implications for practice are discussed.

Emotional Impact Feedback Changes How We Remember Negative Autobiographical Experiences

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 354-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie K. T. Takarangi ◽  
Deryn Strange
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Perspective ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Negative Memory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Negative Memories ◽  
Over Time

When people are told that their negative memories are worse than other people’s, do they later remember those events differently? We asked participants to recall a recent negative memory then, 24 h later, we gave some participants feedback about the emotional impact of their event – stating it was more or less negative compared to other people’s experiences. One week later, participants recalled the event again. We predicted that if feedback affected how participants remembered their negative experiences, their ratings of the memory’s characteristics should change over time. That is, when participants are told that their negative event is extremely negative, their memories should be more vivid, recollected strongly, and remembered from a personal perspective, compared to participants in the other conditions. Our results provide support for this hypothesis. We suggest that external feedback might be a potential mechanism in the relationship between negative memories and psychological well-being.

Haematocrit: Relationships with Blood Lipids, Blood Pressure and other Cardiovascular Risk Factors

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (01) ◽  
pp. 058-064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goya Wannamethee ◽  
A Gerald Shaper
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThe relationship between haematocrit and cardiovascular risk factors, particularly blood pressure and blood lipids, has been examined in detail in a large prospective study of 7735 middle-aged men drawn from general practices in 24 British towns. The analyses are restricted to the 5494 men free of any evidence of ischaemic heart disease at screening.Smoking, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol intake and lung function (FEV1) were factors strongly associated with haematocrit levels independent of each other. Age showed a significant but small independent association with haematocrit. Non-manual workers had slightly higher haematocrit levels than manual workers; this difference increased considerably and became significant after adjustment for the other risk factors. Diabetics showed significantly lower levels of haematocrit than non-diabetics. In the univariate analysis, haematocrit was significantly associated with total serum protein (r = 0*18), cholesterol (r = 0.16), triglyceride (r = 0.15), diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.17) and heart rate (r = 0.14); all at p <0.0001. A weaker but significant association was seen with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.09, p <0.001). These relationships remained significant even after adjustment for age, smoking, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol intake, lung function, presence of diabetes, social class and for each of the other biological variables; the relationship with systolic blood pressure was considerably weakened. No association was seen with blood glucose and HDL-cholesterol. This study has shown significant associations between several lifestyle characteristics and the haematocrit and supports the findings of a significant relationship between the haematocrit and blood lipids and blood pressure. It emphasises the role of the haematocrit in assessing the risk of ischaemic heart disease and stroke in individuals, and the need to take haematocrit levels into account in determining the importance of other cardiovascular risk factors.

Structuralism as a Pamphlet (On the Book by E. Reinert “How Rich CountriesGot Rich... And Why Poor Countries Stay Poor”. 2nd ed.)

2014 ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
P. Orekhovsky
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Increasing Returns ◽  
The Other ◽  
Static Theory ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Historical School ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Relationship

The review outlines the connection between E. Reinert’s book and the tradition of structural analysis. The latter allows for the heterogeneity of industries and sectors of the economy, as well as for the effects of increasing and decreasing returns. Unlike the static theory of international trade inherited from the Ricardian analysis of comparative advantage, this approach helps identify the relationship between trade, production, income and population growth. Reinert rehabilitates the “other canon” of economic theory associated with the mercantilist tradition, F. Liszt and the German historical school, as well as a reconside ration of A. Marshall’s analysis of increasing returns. Empirical illustrations given in the book reveal clear parallels with the path of Russian socio-economic development in the last twenty years.

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