Law Enforcement in Times of Violent Demonstrations

This paper is an in-depth study on the country's public disorder and the efficacy of police response. In order to understand the dynamics of police response towards violent public order situations, it is important to elaborate complexities of the prevailing environment. The evaluation of this environment revolves around the existing policing practices towards handling volatile law and order situations, available legal framework, and internal challenges to deal with violent situations firmly. The research is based on the police department's shared thoughts, years of handling turbulent situations, and the requisite provisions for an apt response. Besides relevant reports, articles and assessed data have been consulted. Suggestions as to how police can act in a better manner in times, related strategies and tactical procedures have been elucidated.

Influence of Electronic Media on Public Policies and Narratives in Pakistan Post-2005

The research article investigates the role of the news media and specifically electronic media since 2005, which has emerged as a strong force in Pakistan in the past decade and, under certain circumstances, shapes public policymaking in Pakistan. Media across the world is seen as a tool to shape public narratives and influence policymakers in crafting policies that adhere to the interest and welfare of the general public. Electronic media has emerged as a powerful medium of communication in Pakistan, even though its political decision-making role has mainly been ignored. The independence of electronic media in Pakistan is highly debatable; the emergence of private news channels has a relatively short span of age. Before the emergence of a broad spectrum of electronic media channels, a single state-owned news channel existed, and information flow was highly controlled. The influx of news channels made the news media landscape in Pakistan highly vibrant from 2005 onwards. During the Musharraf regime in Pakistan, the mushroom growth of electronic channels was witnessed, which made media the fourth pillar of the state. During the same rule, electronic media in Pakistan started influencing public policies and narratives and saw sanctions imposed by the same ruler. In Pakistan, electronic media played a more significant role in influencing public opinion, policies, and views that compel policymakers to draft policies accordingly. The public was made aware of their rights as citizens and reacted to government policies and current political happenings. Interestingly not just in Pakistan, but the international academia as well has not paid much attention to the media's influence on public policymaking. There is limited scholarly literature available as not much focus has been given to how media influences policymaking. This research article using a Foucauldian lens on "power-knowledge" will specifically examine how certain media groups in Pakistan have impacted policymaking and have played a significant role in major political happenings, which have directly impacted Pakistan's public policies.

Global Illicit Financial Flows: Where does Dirty Money from Developing Countries become legal?

The study determines most favorite destinations for money laundering preferred by wrong doers from 25 developing nations selected on the basis of highest illegal financial fund outflows from 2004 to 2014, a report published by Global Financial Integrity (GFI) in 2015. Firstly, it has been discussed that how money laundering activities are shackling the economic and financial stability in a country by distorting and damaging different sectors of economy as well as financial sector. Walker's Gravity Model has used to determine the most preferred destinations for money laundering. Research indicates that most developed and stable economies with lax controls are preferred by criminals. Robustness has been checked through triangulation method. It is recommended that uniform controls at global level are essential to eliminate havens and the need of international body which shall be responsible for policy making and enforcement of strong regulations is also highlighted.

Revisiting Determinants of Financial Development? The Role of Financial and Monetary Freedom: Empirical Evidence from the Asia-pacific Region

This study aims to assess what determines/improves the overall multidimensional nature of the financial development index and its sub-indices. For this purpose, we use data over the period 1998 to 2017 for 9 countries from the Asia-Pacific region. The hypothesis of no long run relationship between variables is tested via the three-panel co-integration test i.e. Kao test, the Pedroni test, and the Johansen test. We also examine the impact of these variables on each index through long-run dynamic estimation. We utilize FMOLS and DOLS for this purpose. All the three-panel co-integration tests suggest a long-run relationship among variables. Findings from long-run dynamic estimation indicate that efficient regulation of financial services and control over prices by the government significantly influences the financial depth, financial efficiency, and financial access indices. The financial freedom index measured by regulation of financial services negatively influences the indices, suggest that too much government regulation could distort the market. Also, an increasing probability of default of the country's banking system adversely affects the sub-indices of financial development. These findings suggest that too much government regulation of financial services and control over prices along with default of country banking system could worsen the country's financial development situation and vice versa. The promulgation of prudent regulatory policies by financial regulatory institutions is the need of the time to ensure full access to financial services, soundness, and stability of the financial sector.

Moderating Role of Person Job-Fit Facet between Hierarchical Plateau and Turnover Intention

This study aims to examine the impact of hierarchical plateau on turnover intention with moderating role of person job-fit facet. Hierarchical plateau is a point of an individual's career life where the probability of being promoted further is low. The theory of work adjustment (TWA) is applied in this research study which measures that satisfaction level of an employee and leaving a company when needs and desired system of the person and the organization system mismatched at the workplace. Overall 260 employees participated by filling the self-administrated questionnaires from three different industrial sectors of Karachi, Pakistan including banking sector, pharmaceutical and insurance employees but result of completely and accurately filled questionnaires of 223 employees were tested. The results are generated through using Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique. The results show that hierarchical plateau has positive impact on turnover intention. However, moderating role of person job fit facet (neither demand abilities nor need supplies) moderates' relationship between independent and dependent variable. This study provides a model to management leaders and practitioners who can extremely look into this growing issue not only in Pakistan but worldwide. Certain actions need to be implemented by management to foster a positive attitude towards turnover intention through proper recruitments, development strategies and career training programs over the span of time. Furthermore, the study also provides the guidelines to HR departments to design the policies to resolve hierarchical plateau issues in their organization.

Readable Labels and Moderating Effect of Individual Personality Traits Effect on Consumer Healthy Packaged Food Selection Intention

It is a common notion that front of pack label guide individual for the selection of healthy and right amount of packaged food. The inconsistent results found in past studies. In continuation with current study proposed a model which is underpinned with theory of planned behavior. The proposed model comprised of factors affecting individual attitude to read food label at point of purchase like traffic lights efficacy, health claim efficacy and user friendly label efficacy, whereas direct impact of subjective norm and self-efficacy was also investigated. Moreover, the personality traits were investigated as moderator. The data collected from three renowned retail outlet of Pakistan named; Al-Fatah, Hyperstar and Metro Cash and Carry. For the in depth study mixed method was used. Therefore, for quantitative date the cross-sectional data was collected with convenience sampling technique using adapted questionnaire whereas for qualitative analysis unstructured questions used for detail interview. The sample size for quantitative analysis was 1146 and for qualitative data 32 interviews were conducted. The results revealed that user friendly label efficacy and health statement efficacy insignificant effect in direct relation whereas full mediation observed with label reading attitude. In contrary to that traffic lights label efficacy has insignificant effect in both direct and indirect relation. Subjective norm and self-efficacy have significant impact on individual intention for healthy food selection. In addition to only two personality traits like; agreeableness and conscientiousness moderated between label reading attitude and intention. The current study implies that consumer education regarding nutrients is necessary.