The Kill Chain (I)

2020 ◽  
pp. 197-242
Author(s):  
Craig Jones
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Legal Advice ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Us ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
Operations Center

This is the first of two chapters analysing the role of military lawyers in the contemporary US kill chain. This chapter focuses on deliberate (planned) targeting operations and the routine nature of legal advice at a key location in the US targeting apparatus—the Combined Air Operations Center (CAOC) in Qatar. Military lawyers participate throughout the ‘targeting cycle’ giving legal, operational, and public relations advice. In contrast to inflated claims about the ‘total’ visibility of the battlespace, planned operations are beset with gaps in intelligence and emergent events. Legal oversight is far from complete, given the scale of lawyer deployment. Moreover, the legal frameworks that military lawyers bring to bear on the kill chain are malleable and open to a wide range of interpretations. In practice, this means that the constraining function of targeting law often loses out to its enabling function with consequences for who and what is targeted.

scholarly journals PRECONDITIONS OF ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITY: DOCTRINAL ISSUES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 102-111
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Gerasymenko
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Current State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Rule Making ◽  
Administrative Responsibility

A thorough analysis of liability for administrative offence is not possible without clear understanding of its preconditions. The problem of preconditions for administrative responsibility is directly related to administrative delictization of offenses, effectiveness of the fight against delict, prominent state policy in the field of law enforcement and law order. In this aspect, the role of the preconditions for administrative responsibility is a lot more important because they formulate proper foundations for achieving its general objectives. Thus, they determine the effectiveness of administrative responsibility at sectoral and general social levels. The importance of the definition is due to the urgent needs of rule-making and law enforcement practice, the effectiveness of which directly depends on how reasonable and appropriate each administrative delict norm is. Unfortunately, despite all its scientific and practical significance, the issue of preconditions for administrative liability has not been resolved yet. Therefore, there is a need to form unified, consistent scientific approach to understanding the grounds for administrative liability. To this end, the article provides a critical analysis of the basic doctrinal concepts of the preconditions of administrative responsibility. A wide range of social, economic, technical and other factors that determine the effectiveness of administrative responsibility, its current state, its dynamics and prospects for its development have been studied. Discovered the role of these factors in creating a favorable socio-economic and information-technical environment for the implementation of the main tasks of administrative responsibility, in particular: offences prevention, reliable protection of public relations and education of citizens in the spirit of law. The author concluded the scientific and practical expediency of the systematic study of the preconditions for establishing administrative responsibility (preconditions for administrative delictization) and the preconditions for the effectiveness of administrative responsibility.

scholarly journals Minicities in suburbia – A model for urban sustainability?

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Gunnar Røe ◽  
Inger-Lise Saglie
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Us ◽  
Big City ◽  
Car Travel ◽  
The City

In the 1970s it was argued that suburban centres in the US had developed into “minicities”, offering a wide range of possibilities for consumption, cultural events and a sense of the urban. In this article we explore to which extent this description of minicities may be valid in two cases in the suburban hinterland of Oslo. We further discuss whether the “urbanization” of these suburban centres may contribute to a more sustainable urban development, with respect to everyday travel. We conclude that the growth of these minicities may reduce car travel, either because of their excellent public transport connection to the (big) city centre and other nodes in the increasingly decentralized urban region, or because they may serve as a substitute for the city centre. However, an empirical investigation of the role of minicities must be based on a deeper understanding of the social and cultural processes that guide the everyday life of today’s sub­urbanites.

Activism

2018 ◽  
pp. 87-106
Author(s):  
Fiona Bloomer ◽  
Claire Pierson ◽  
Sylvia Estrada Claudio
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
Restricted Access ◽  
Grassroots Groups ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
Taking Action ◽  
Improve Access

Chapter 6, activism, centres the transnational work of activists internationally whose purpose is to improve access to abortion; taking action to provide or facilitate access; improving knowledge about abortion and challenging abortion stigma. The recent history of abortion activism, is considered, beginning with the Jane Collective, which operated primarily in the Chicago area of the US, providing access to abortion and abortion services during the late 1960s / early 1970s. This chapter reflects on how in the 21st century resistance to prohibitive legal frameworks and restricted access is offered by national and international organisations who work in collaboration with grassroots groups. The chapter reflects on the wide range of work offered by activist organisations which provide short-term help or longer-term interventions to circumvent laws or change societal perceptions about abortion.

Understanding how corporations both drive & use neoliberalism to block progress in public health

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Miller
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Think Tanks ◽  
Think Tank ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Economic Elites

Abstract This paper examines the role of corporations in the creation and utilisation of think tanks, lobby ventures and front groups, both nationally and internationally. It examines how these were implicated in the introduction of neoliberalism in the 1970s/80s. It briefly tells the story of the development of the Mont Pelerin Society and how its acolytes 'littered the world' with free market think tanks which then did battle in the struggle to introduce neoliberalism. It examines how this led to the 'disembedding' (Polanyi 1944) of political and economic elites from society via the rise and maturation of a wide range of intermediary institutions and organisations including three main kinds of groups: National and transnational policy planning groups; Think tanks and think tank networks; lobbying and public relations consultancies. This part of the paper concludes by examining the role of those industrial sectors that have had the most significant Public Health footprint in the neoliberal revolution, in each of the three kinds of groups mentioned above. The paper then turns to the concrete advantages that these ongoing changes gave specific corporate actors with negative public health effects

scholarly journals Institutional aspects of the social enterprises’ sector development (case for Poland and Ukraine)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Lyakh
Keyword(s):  
Social Economy ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Institutional Aspects ◽  
Work Integration ◽  
Legal Frameworks

The potential contribution of social enterprises to work integration, job creation, and service delivery remains largely unrealized both in Poland and Ukraine. This paper focuses on the analysis of the role of social economy and social enterprises sector in providing employment opportunities and wide range of services for group of interest. One of the major obstacles to the discussion and study of the topic is the lack of a clear and concise definition. It is requiring investigating evolution of social enterprise as a concept and as a sector of the Polish and Ukrainian economies. Institutional aspects and legal frameworks are considered in order to define the appropriate eco-system for social enterprises sector support and fostering. Attention was also paid to frame of the policy for social enterprises support and ongoing decentralization of public authority that is allowing to clarify what level of authority should be responsible for concrete policy measures elaborating.

scholarly journals Therapies with Emerging Evidence of Efficacy: Avotermin for the Improvement of Scarring

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Bush ◽  
Karen So ◽  
Tracey Mason ◽  
Nick L. Occleston ◽  
Sharon O'Kane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Skin ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Us ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Visible Body ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Phase I And Ii

Many patients are dissatisfied with scars on both visible and non-visible body sites and would value any opportunity to improve or minimise scarring following surgery. Approximately 44 million procedures in the US and 42 million procedures in the EU per annum could benefit from scar reduction therapy. A wide range of non-invasive and invasive techniques have been used in an attempt to improve scarring although robust, prospective clinical trials to support the efficacy of these therapies are lacking. Differences in wound healing and scar outcome between early fetal and adult wounds led to interest in the role of the TGFβfamily of cytokines in scar formation and the identification of TGFβ3 (avotermin) as a potential therapeutic agent for the improvement of scar appearance. Extensive pre-clinical and human Phase I and II clinical trial programmes have confirmed the scar improving efficacy of avotermin which produces macroscopic and histological improvements in scar architecture, with improved restitution of the epidermis and an organisation of dermal extracellular matrix that more closely resembles normal skin. Avotermin is safe and well tolerated and is currently in Phase III of clinical development, with the first study, in patients undergoing scar revision surgery, fully recruited.

Legal Privilege and Third Party Disclosure: A Comparative Analysis of UK and the US Rules

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zia Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Legal Advice ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Us ◽  
Privileged Communication ◽  
Legal Professional ◽  
The Uk

Abstract The rules of evidence in common law courts rely on the weight of evidence that is deduced by the court based on its admissibility and credibility. This is subject to the evidence that has been disclosed by the client to their lawyer either before or after the litigation is commenced in court. The availability of legal professional privilege is a substantive legal right (not a procedural rule) and it enables a person to refuse to disclose certain documents in a wide range of situations. There can be no adverse inference that can be drawn from a valid assertion of legal professional privilege on evidential grounds by the court. Under English law, privilege applies to the advice given by external lawyers and in-house lawyers (acting in their capacity as lawyers) in the case or in contemplation of litigation. Privilege in the US is broader than in the UK and may vary over time and according to locations/context but a privileged communication under UK law may not be privileged in the US. The Attorney-client confidentiality and work-product doctrine are the most common US types of privilege and this will protect investigation material if its primary purpose is to provide information to obtain a legal advice (i. e. if it is not for a business purpose). The research question in this paper is to what extent internal investigations need to be disclosed where the client confidentiality is not applicable and the court orders disclosure. It compares the framework under which privilege can be exercised, and how in the US a different interpretation allows greater margin for client confidentiality when investigations include another party if documents are compiled in contemplation of legal proceedings.

scholarly journals FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION IN RUSSIA, BELARUS AND THE USA (THE 16TH CENTURY - THE 70’S OF THE 20TH CENTURY)

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-106
Author(s):  
M. Sh. Conroy ◽  
V. F. Sosonkina
Keyword(s):  
Educational Process ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Right ◽  
Pharmaceutical Education

Formation and development of pharmaceutical education in Russia, Belarus and the USA based on the analysis of a wide range of references at different historical stages is studied. The dates of establishing first pharmacies, educational institutions and pharmacopoeia editions in the countries are indicated. Analysis and comparative characteristics of the educational process in different countries is made, its general and fundamental differences are reflected. It is noted that this process was decentralized in the US and at the same time it was centralized in continental Europe including Russia and Belarus. Classification of pharmacies in the Russian Empire in the pre-revolutionary period of 1917, obtaining by women the right to be engaged in pharmaceutical activities, are presented. Some people who had a strong influence on the development of the pharmaceutical education are listed and among them were A. Fennel, G. Eger, E. Highstreet, K. Dov, A. Lesnevskaya, A. Iovskiy, Y. Trapp, V. Tikhomirov. The role of educational institutions in improving qualifications of certified specialists is indicated. The article lists the Soviet institutions which trained pharmaceutical personnel during the Great Patriotic War.

The Problem of Identifying and Modeling the Relationship between Monetary Factor and Inflation in the Russian Economy

2008 ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
A. Porshakov ◽  
A. Ponomarenko
Keyword(s):  
Money Supply ◽  
Money Demand ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Supply Side Factors

The role of monetary factor in generating inflationary processes in Russia has stimulated various debates in social and scientific circles for a relatively long time. The authors show that identification of the specificity of relationship between money and inflation requires a complex approach based on statistical modeling and involving a wide range of indicators relevant for the price changes in the economy. As a result a model of inflation for Russia implying the decomposition of inflation dynamics into demand-side and supply-side factors is suggested. The main conclusion drawn is that during the recent years the volume of inflationary pressures in the Russian economy has been determined by the deviation of money supply from money demand, rather than by money supply alone. At the same time, monetary factor has a long-run spread over time impact on inflation.

Introduction: Emotion, History and the Arts

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Sullivan ◽  
Marie Louise Herzfeld-Schild
Keyword(s):  
Historical Change ◽  
Carson Mccullers ◽  
Emotional Life ◽  
Review Section ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
War Correspondents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Johan Huizinga

This introduction surveys the rise of the history of emotions as a field and the role of the arts in such developments. Reflecting on the foundational role of the arts in the early emotion-oriented histories of Johan Huizinga and Jacob Burkhardt, as well as the concerns about methodological impressionism that have sometimes arisen in response to such studies, the introduction considers how intensive engagements with the arts can open up new insights into past emotions while still being historically and theoretically rigorous. Drawing on a wide range of emotionally charged art works from different times and places—including the novels of Carson McCullers and Harriet Beecher-Stowe, the private poetry of neo-Confucian Chinese civil servants, the photojournalism of twentieth-century war correspondents, and music from Igor Stravinsky to the Beatles—the introduction proposes five ways in which art in all its forms contributes to emotional life and consequently to emotional histories: first, by incubating deep emotional experiences that contribute to formations of identity; second, by acting as a place for the expression of private or deviant emotions; third, by functioning as a barometer of wider cultural and attitudinal change; fourth, by serving as an engine of momentous historical change; and fifth, by working as a tool for emotional connection across communities, both within specific time periods but also across them. The introduction finishes by outlining how the special issue's five articles and review section address each of these categories, while also illustrating new methodological possibilities for the field.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document