Culture and Legitimacy
This chapter draws on the writings of liberal theorists, from Adam Smith to the German ordo-liberals, to explain how state managers arrived at their focus on reforming conduct and ethics. The liberal economics tradition, before the turn towards neoclassical economics, recognized the ethical struggle at work in market participants, and the tendency towards market-distorting conduct. This helps to explain why state managers sought to strengthen market competition to reform culture, and why they also turned to an ethical reform agenda. The second half of the chapter turns to the work of Jürgen Habermas to explain the concept of a legitimacy crisis that state managers were also fighting. Here the chapter also introduces the concept of populist statecraft, as an ideologically thin, anti-establishment strategy. This also helps to explain how state managers used the culture of banking crisis as a political weapon.