The Power of the Gaze: Suspicion, Race and Migration Policing

2021 ◽  
pp. 102-126
Author(s):  
Ana Aliverti
Keyword(s):  
State Power ◽  
Social Geography ◽  
Immigration Enforcement ◽  
Immigration Control ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Sorting Technique ◽  
Racial Knowledge ◽  
And Migration

This chapter delves deeper into the ubiquity of race in migration policing, its camouflage, and disavowal, and its legitimation and power for making sense of a complex and fluid social geography. It explores how racial knowledge and taxonomies are deployed and redefined through migration policing. As the ‘fine-grained cognitive maps’ with which the police operate are rendered insufficient and inefficient, immigration enforcement has been increasingly brought on board. Immigration enforcement works with and through race as a sorting technique in insidious, oblique, and paradoxical ways, giving meaning to and redefining the contours of police suspicion. Its presence is ubiquitous and legally sanctioned, yet selective, continuously disavowed, and often left unarticulated and nebulous. In immigration enforcement, the chapter argues, race makes state power operate in particularly mysterious, hazy, and magic-like ways, hinging on some bodies and not others, building on irretrievable vocabulary, associations, visual registers, smells and other sensory clues, and lingering colonial imageries and knowledge. In this context, racial sorting and profiling is not a deviation or aberration, but a constitutive part without which its exercise is futile. As a racial technology, immigration control practices illustrate the power and resilience of race, as well as its fragility. Ultimately, the chapter concludes, race is a shaky and fragile basis for policing which lays bare its contradictions, paradoxes, and limits.

The Magic of Immigration Enforcement: Discretion, Order and Policing

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-101
Author(s):  
Ana Aliverti
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
State Power ◽  
World Order ◽  
Immigration Enforcement ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Sovereign State ◽  
Relations Of Power ◽  
Institutional Actors ◽  
Peculiar Nature ◽  
Long Chain

This chapter examines the peculiar nature of immigration decision-making. Removal and deportation are state coercive acts that require the acquiescence of another sovereign state and often involve complex bilateral negotiations by parties in asymmetrical relations of power. As such they are truly international acts that demand careful coordination and interdependence between various actors and institutions. They place immigration officers at the receiving end of a long chain that connects various institutional actors across public and private domains spanning the local, the national, and the global. The peculiarity of immigration enforcement relates to the framework in which officers exercise discretion: a framework structured around a combination of variables over which they have little or no control, a game of chance or a lottery. Officers figuratively gesture at the magical powers of immigration enforcement to solve policing problems. The notion of magic attests to the attractions of immigration powers for everyday policing, as well as the random, capricious, informal, and arbitrary ways in which state power operates. The fragile, ever-changing grounds on which immigration staff make decisions reflects the challenges of state power to spatialize its authority in a transnational world order. By examining the imbrications of state power and magic, this chapter argues that immigration enforcement casts doubt on the presumed rationality of state bureaucracy and authority, exposing its arbitrariness as well as its limits.

scholarly journals Learning to Labour: “Native” Orphans in Colonial India, 1840s–1920s

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-42
Author(s):  
Soni
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
State Power ◽  
Child Labour ◽  
The State ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Colonial India ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Poor Children

AbstractTo this day, the history of indigenous orphans in colonial India remains surprisingly understudied. Unlike the orphans of Britain or European and Eurasian orphans in the colony, who have been widely documented, Indian orphans are largely absent in the existing historiography. This article argues that a study of “native” orphans in India helps us transcend the binary of state power and poor children that has hitherto structured the limited extant research on child “rescue” in colonial India. The essay further argues that by shifting the gaze away from the state, we can vividly see how non-state actors juxtaposed labour and education. I assert that the deployment of child labour by these actors, in their endeavour to educate and make orphans self-sufficient, did not always follow the profitable trajectory of the state-led formal labour regime (seen in the Indian indenture system or early nineteenth-century prison labour). It was often couched in terms of charity and philanthropy and exhibited a convergence of moral and economic concerns.

scholarly journals The punishment marketplace: Competing for capitalized power in locally controlled immigration enforcement

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L Stageman
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Criminal Justice Policy ◽  
Immigration Enforcement ◽  
Neoliberal Globalization ◽  
Immigration Control ◽  
Federal Authority ◽  
The Social ◽  
Neoliberal Economics

Neoliberal economics play a significant role in US social organization, imposing market logics on public services and driving the cultural valorization of free market ideology. The neoliberal ‘project of inequality’ is upheld by an authoritarian system of punishment built around the social control of the underclass—among them unauthorized immigrants. This work lays out the theory of the punishment marketplace: a conceptualization of how US systems of punishment both enable the neoliberal project of inequality, and are themselves subject to market colonization. The theory describes the rescaling of federal authority to local centers of political power. Criminal justice policy activism by local governments is punishment entrepreneurship: an accumulative approach to securing fiscal gain, political hegemony, security, and capitalized power. Local immigration enforcement entrepreneurship targets unauthorized and other deportable immigrants. This punitive immigration control reinforces racially structured social relations by obscuring the diminishing returns neoliberal globalization provides working class whites.

Developing knowledge from entrepreneurial actions – toward a taxonomy

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 793-813
Author(s):  
Sihem Ben Mahmoud-Jouini ◽  
Thomas Paris ◽  
Sylvain Bureau
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Logical Necessity ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Entrepreneurial Learning ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Daily Experience ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Archival Documentation

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to enrich our understanding of entrepreneurs’ daily deeds, tasks and activities. The research investigates the ways in which entrepreneurs seize opportunities and gain knowledge from the start to the expansion of their ventures. Design/methodology/approach Two case studies were developed based on a longitudinal fine-grained analysis of two ventures over two years. Entrepreneurs’ success and learning were modeled in line with grounded theory methodology. Data were collected from both primary and secondary sources in the form of semi-structured interviews and archival documentation. Findings The authors develop an original conceptual framework that consists of ten entrepreneurial learning opportunities and four knowledge development modes. There are ten generic types of actions that entrepreneurs take. There are then four distinctive ways to transform these experiences into knowledge. The model is assessed in absolute terms and relatively to existing taxonomies. Research limitations/implications The findings question the premises on which entrepreneurial learning research traditionally relies. Opportunities can be open-ended rather than purely instrumental. Similarly, knowledge can be emerging as much as it can be espoused. This opens-up space for further research. Practical implications For practitioners, the findings suggest new ways for making sense of the daily experience of their entrepreneurial endeavor. The learning modes suggested can be used by coaches and mentors when helping entrepreneurs in their venture. Originality/value The research provides empirical evidence of what entrepreneurs do. This may help cast traditional debates about what there is to do (logical necessity) and what there is to know (a priori knowledge) in a new light.

A REVIEW OF THE HYDROCARBON HABITAT OF THE EASTERN AND CENTRAL BARROW — DAMPIER SUB-BASIN, WESTERN AUSTRALIA

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kopsen ◽  
G. McGann
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Hydrocarbon Source Rock ◽  
Mixed Composition ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Dynamic Charging ◽  
Rich Liquid ◽  
Northern Carnarvon Basin ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Carnarvon Basin

The most completely known section of the Barrow- Dampier Sub-basin in the northern Carnarvon Basin of the Northwest Shelf comprises three depositional super- cycles spanning the Triassic to the Tertiary. Each cycle is made up of an initial transgressive section of mainly fine-grained clastics overlain by a thick, extensive, off- lapping sequence of coarse-grained deposits. The transgressive sedimentary package typically contains a coarse basal unit overlain by a thick, argillaceous unit, whereas the progradational package changes character in each cycle, representing increasingly open marine conditions as the depocentre and its palaeogeography evolved. Continental siliciciastics at the end of the Triassic Supercycle contrast with the marine-marginal marine siliciciastics at the end of the Jurassic-Neocomian Supercycle and the prograding Tertiary carbonate wedge of the youngest cycle. Each of these gross sequences has a distinctive seismic signature upon which are superimposed stratigraphic features reflecting basin evolution from a broad intra-continental depocentre to a mature, passive continental margin basin.In the area east of Barrow Island, potential hydrocarbon source rock quality and richness varies between each cycle but potential source beds frequently occur at similar levels within each supercycle. The Dingo Claystone within the Jurassic-Neocomian depositional package contains by far the thickest and most extensive potential sources in the area and is likely to be the source for most of the hydrocarbon liquids discovered to date in the northern Carnarvon Basin (with the probable exclusion of the majority of the Rankin Platform condensates).The occurrence of oils of mixed composition and considerable variability beneath the Muderong Shale regional seal in areas of low thermal maturity suggests that many of the hydrocarbon liquids have undergone considerable vertical migration and have also a complex genesis. Furthermore, saturate-rich liquid hydrocarbons overprinting an older biodegraded oil are recognised in a number of wells along the basin margin hingeline. The likely migration and entrapment model for the majority of hydrocarbons discovered to date in the area under review involves dynamic charging of reservoirs, mainly during the Tertiary. Two main pulses of generation and migration are recognised in the eastern portion of the sub -basin, and a third phase is probably occuring at present-day, west of Barrow Island.

scholarly journals Towards a Political Economy of Charging Regimes: Fines, Fees and Force in Uk Immigration Control

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-599
Author(s):  
Jon Burnett ◽  
Fidelis Chebe
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The Political ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
Distinct Form ◽  
Immigration Enforcement ◽  
Freedom Of Information Act ◽  
Immigration Control ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Financial Power

Abstract Charging regimes and the extraction of revenue are integral components of immigration control in the United Kingdom. However, while these have been analysed in their individual guises, to date, there has been little substantive analysis bringing these regimes together and locating them at the centre of its enquiry. Drawing on data obtained through the Freedom of Information Act 2000, this paper consequently examines the functions of charging regimes as a distinct form of statecraft, focussing its attention on UK Visas and Immigration fees and charges, carrier sanctions, charges related to accessing services and civil penalties administered though immigration enforcement. Analysing their historical roots and their contemporary prevalence, it suggests that they contribute to the political economy of financial power, which has significant implications for understandings of criminalization and immigration enforcement.

scholarly journals Analisis Peran Kepemudaan terhadap Pengembangan Wilayah Kota Langsa Ditinjau dari Perspektif Geografi Sosial

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Tengku Muhammad Sahudra
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Social Geography ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
City Region ◽  
Developing Cities ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Work Education

The problem of developing cities/cities in Indonesia is characterized by differences in phenomena, among others in terms of population growth, the structure of work, education, transportation, and the increase in the number of buildings. The problem of development in Langsa City is caused by development planning that prioritizes physical development rather than non-physical (social) development. Population growth requires the development of facilities and infrastructure and development. Population growth can be caused by natural population growth and migration flows. The method in this study uses descriptive analysis and uses multiple linear regression analysis. The population in this study is that all Langsa City youths who have age 17-30 years are 29,034 people, while the sample is 99.65 people and rounded up to 100 respondents. The research results show that dynamic variables, catalysts, motivators, and innovators have a significant positive effect on the development of the Langsa City area from the perspective of social geography, while the evaluator variables have a positive and insignificant effect on the development of the Langsa City region from a social geography perspective.

scholarly journals Religious Symbols in Public Schools as Teachable Controversies in Religious Education

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-108
Author(s):  
Christian Moe
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
School Setting ◽  
Religious Symbols ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Democratic Principles ◽  
And Migration

This focus issue of CEPS Journal raises two topics usually treated separately, Religious Education and the use of religious symbols in public schools. Both involve the challenge of applying liberal democratic principles of secularism and pluralism in a school setting and refract policies on religion under conditions of globalisation, modernisation and migration. I take this situation as a teachable moment and argue that it illustrates the potential of a particular kind of Religious Education, based on the scientific Study of Religion, for making sense of current debates in Europe, including the debate on religious education itself. However, this requires maintaining a spirit of free, unbiased comparative enquiry that may clash with political attempts to instrumentalise the subject as a means of integrating minority students into a value system.

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