A Dynamic Model of Corporate Campaigns

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-54
Author(s):  
Jose Miguel Abito ◽  
David Besanko ◽  
Daniel Diermeier
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Finite Horizon ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Private Regulation ◽  
Strategic Effect ◽  
Subsequent Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Period Model

This chapter introduces a finite-horizon (three-period) model of corporate campaigns in which an activist targets a single firm. The activist cares solely about the social benefits generated by the private regulation the firm is capable of undertaking. A firm can undertake costly effort in each period to improve its reputation in the subsequent period. The activist could undertake costly effort to impair the firm's reputation. As compared to a setting in which the firm faced no activist, the firm chooses a higher level of private regulation in the first period and, in expectation, a higher level of private regulation in the second period as well. The authors interpret this increase as self-insurance against reputational harm. The activist has a strategic effect on the firm in the second period: if the campaign impairs the firm's reputation, the firm will undertake more private regulation than it would have had its reputation remained the same or even improved.

Recruitment Screams of Pigtail Monkeys (Macaca Nemestrina): Ontogenetic Perspectives

Behaviour ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 132 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 431-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold Gouzoules ◽  
Sarah Gouzoules
Keyword(s):  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Dominance Rank ◽  
Macaca Nemestrina ◽  
Classification Rate ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Call Production ◽  
Subsequent Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Second Period

AbstractIn several species of nonhuman primates screams given by victims of attack elicit interventions from allies in the social group. In the present study, the screams of 16 pigtail macaques (M. nemestrina) under three years of age were assessed with respect to production and contextual usage. Data obtained from these animals three years later were compared with those from the previous period for evidence of changes in usage and production. It was hypothesized that these monkeys (8 males and 8 females), when three years older, would show patterns of contextual usage and production for agonistic screams that were more similar to those of adult animals. For control and comparison, 10 monkeys (9 females and 1 male) who had been older than three years of age during the earlier study were also sampled during the subsequent period. Calls of all subjects were assigned to one of four agonistic contexts (defined by the severity of the aggression and the dominance rank of the opponent) using discriminant functions that had been generated from the earlier data. While the successful classification rate improved for the 16 subjects that were originally three years of age or younger, no significant change was found for screams of the 10 older control monkeys. The probabilities with which screams of the 16 younger subjects were assigned correctly to context (a measure of call production) also were significantly higher during the second period. No such change was evident in the calls of the 10 control subjects. Data from the earlier study period had suggested that, among juveniles, females appeared to be more proficient than males in both the production and usage of these calls. During the second period of study, the proportion of calls that was classified correctly increased significantly for both males and females. The results of tests comparing the proportion of correctly classified calls for individuals revealed no differences between males and females during the second period, confirming similar results for pooled data analyses. Furthermore, there were no significant differences between males and females in the assignment probabilities with which calls were correctly classified. These results suggest that, with age, the younger monkeys became more proficient in the contextual usage and production of screams.

Representing Social Construction in Consumer Activities: Single-Period and Multi-Period Activity Production

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-156
Author(s):  
Steven D. Silver
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Maximization Problem ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Subsequent Period ◽  
Single Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
Endogenous Variables

Consumers are seen as limited decision makers who set short-term activity levels from their budgets, stocks of experience, and values following a preference-maximizing heuristic. Disturbances to activity levels in their evolution by exogeneties of social and economic environments, and the feedback of activity levels which agents have no systematic ability to anticipate, reset stock and value levels through the interactive relationships among endogenous variables. Agents then solve the maximization problem for a subsequent period using stock and value levels as modified by the evolutionary process. The dependence of a single-period decision on the stock and value constructs is examined and forms for the dynamic evolution of stock and value constructs that represent the feedback of activity levels to stock and value levels are also introduced. Implications of these forms for the social construction of activities are discussed.

scholarly journals Transparency in Autonomous Teammates

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
April Rose Panganiban ◽  
Gerald Matthews ◽  
Michael D. Long
Keyword(s):  
Social Cues ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Human Machine Interaction ◽  
Team Collaboration ◽  
Task Setting ◽  
The Social ◽  
Team Environment ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Occupational Settings ◽  
Machine Interaction

Human–Machine teaming is a very near term standard for many occupational settings and still requires considerations for the design of autonomous teammates (ATs). Transparency of system processes is important for human–machine interaction and reliance but standards for its implementation are still being explored. Embedding social cues is a potential design approach, which may capture the social benefits of a team environment, yet vary with task setting. The current study examined the manipulation of transparency of benevolent intent from an AT within a piloting task requiring suppression of enemy defenses. Specifically, the benevolent AT maintained task communication as in a neutral condition, but included messages of support and awareness of errors. Benevolent communication reduced reported workload and increased reported team collaboration, indicating that this team intent was beneficial. In addition, trust and acceptance of the AT were rated higher by individuals tasked with depending on the system to protect them from missile threats. The need for information from ATs is beneficial, however may vary depending on team type.

scholarly journals Leprosy and the Plague: State Surveillance of Low-Income Fathers

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-139
Author(s):  
Monika Jean Ulrich Myers ◽  
Michael Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Child Support ◽  
Justice System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Child Support Enforcement ◽  
The Social ◽  
State Surveillance

Foucault’s theory of state social control contrasts societal responses to leprosy, where deviants are exiled from society but promised freedom from social demands, and the plague, where deviants are controlled and surveyed within society but receive some state assistance in exchange for their cooperation.In this paper, I analyze how low-income fathers in the United States simultaneously experience social control consistent with leprosy and social control consistent with the plague but do not receive the social benefits that Foucault associates with either status.Through interviews with 57 low-income fathers, I investigate the role of state surveillance in their family lives through child support enforcement, the criminal justice system, and child protective services.Because they did not receive any benefits from compliance with this surveillance, they resisted it, primarily by dropping “off the radar.”Men justified their resistance in four ways: they had their own material needs, they did not want the child, they did not want to separate from their child’s mother or compliance was unnecessary.This resistance is consistent with Foucault’s distinction between leprosy and the plague.They believed that they did not receive the social benefits accorded to plague victims, so they attempted to be treated like lepers, excluded from social benefits but with no social demands or surveillance.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF TENDENCIES IN INCOME LEVEL OF THE POPULATION IN THE ASTRAKHAN REGION

2019 ◽  
pp. 72-81
Author(s):  
Svetlana Yurievna Abdulova ◽  
Olga Anatolievna Gavrilova
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Line ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Social Market Economy ◽  
Subsistence Level ◽  
Subsistence Minimum ◽  
The Social ◽  
Business Income ◽  
Social Market ◽  
Living Cost

The article dwells upon the continued decrease of income level of the Russian population as a result of the financial crisis and rising inflation, which is followed by yearly contraction of needs and savings. The analysis of the income structure of the Russian people confirmed the growth of the share of wages while reducing income from the use of property, business income, and social benefits. The tendencies to changing the income level in the different industries and regions of the Russian Federation have been identified. The average income level of the population of the Astrakhan region has been defined, the finance dynamics for the period from 2016 to 2018 has been evaluated. The tendencies to changing individual components of the population income in the Astrakhan region have been investigated: wages, business income, employment of property, social benefits. There has been estimated the average monthly wage in the region (in nominal and real terms) and the rate of its changes over the studied period. The estimation of the size of social payments to the population of the Astrakhan region has been made. The main part in the total volume of social payments to the population comes to pensions (74.8%). The criteria of the subsistence minimum both in the country and in the region have been given. It has been inferred that the living cost in the country is greatly underestimated, actually, in half, compared to the real living cost, which is related to saving the budget. In the Astrakhan region a great proportion of the population has incomes below the minimum subsistence level: 16.0% of the region’s population is below the poverty line. To reduce the level of poverty, to increase incomes of the population and to reduce the share of citizens with incomes below the subsistence minimum there have been proposed a number of that will help to reach a higher standard of living in accordance with the requirements of the social market economy.

scholarly journals Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Ireland

2020 ◽  
pp. 225-239
Author(s):  
Mel Cousins
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Protection Policy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Care Family ◽  
Family Benefits ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This chapter focuses on the link between migration and social protection in Ireland. The chapter has two main goals. First, it presents the general legal framework regulating the social protection system in Ireland, paying particular attention to any potential differences in terms of conditions of access to social benefits between national residents, non-national residents, and non-resident nationals. Secondly, the chapter discusses how these different groups of individuals access social benefits across five policy areas: unemployment, health care, family benefits, pensions, and guaranteed minimum resources. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the relationship between migration and social protection policy.

Blockchain Technology in Higher Education

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irshad Hussain ◽  
Ozlem Cakir
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Distributed Learning ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
The Social

Blockchain, which is also called a distributed ledger technology (DLT), is an emerging and ever advancing technology having flourishing potential for nourishing and revolutionizing higher education. It stems in decentralization and distributed learning with characteristics of permanence of records, pursuit and transfer of knowledge, authority of institutions, and reliability of teaching and learning. These characteristics of blockchain attract educational institutions particularly the higher education institutions to adopt it. However, in spite of all potential and benefits of blockchain technology, the higher education stakeholders currently seem to be less aware of the social benefits and educational/instructional potential of blockchain technology. It can be addressed through proper advocacy and campaign. The complete chapter will demonstrate possibilities of blockchain technologies in higher education along with its issues and challenges.

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