Causation and Causal Claims

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Miksza ◽  
Kenneth Elpus
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Causal Knowledge ◽  
Threats To Validity ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Quasi Experimental

This chapter explores the philosophy of science surrounding warrants for causal claims, how researchers can use quantitative data to create causal knowledge, and how to evaluate the validity of causal knowledge generated through research. In music education, carefully answered causal questions can provide insights that improve both teaching and learning in music at all levels and in all contexts. In this chapter, details are provided on the kinds of experimental and quasi-experimental research designs most commonly employed for causal research, the challenges that researchers using these methods often face, and specific threats to validity that commonly occur in those designs.

UTILIZING GRAPHIC ORGANIZER STRATEGY IN TEACHING WRITING ON NARRATIVE PARAGRAPH

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-204
Author(s):  
Nurjannah Nurjannah ◽  
Taufiq Hidayah ◽  
Muhammad Nazar
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
English Learners ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Research Result ◽  
T Test ◽  
Teaching Writing ◽  
Graphic Organizer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental

This research is entitled “Using graphic organizer strategy in teaching writing on narrative paragraph (experimental research). Writing is a very important subject that should be learned by English learners. The students should be able to express their ideas and opinion either in the form of a sentence or paragraph. However, the researcher found that many students at the Second Grade Students of SMP Negeri 1 Tanah Luas could not express their ideas and develop into the paragraph. Hence, the appropriate strategy of teaching and learning is very important to help students master writing skills. This research aims to know the effect of achievement between the students who are taught writing by using graphic organizers from those taught writing in the narrative by using traditional methods. This research was experimental research and used a quasi-experimental design. The samples chosen in this research were the whole students of class VIII2 and VIII4 of SMPN 1 Tanah Luas. Class VIII2 consisted of 25 students was chosen as experimental group and class VIII4 consisted of 24 students was chosen as control group. This research was conducted in three phrases; there were pre-test, treatments and post-test. The data collection technique used in this research was test. The tests were pre-test and post-test. The researcher gave pre-test before giving treatment and post-test after giving treatment. The treatment was conducted in three meetings. The data was analyzed by using t-test formula. The research result and the hypothesis authentication found by using t-test formula in significant level 5% or α = 0.05 were obtained that ttest > ttable. The ttest found in this research was 3.91. Meanwhile, ttable was gotten from the list of distribution value with degree of freedom = 47, because the data not in the table, the researcher used interpolation approach and obtained = 1.67. So >  = 3.91 > 1.67. It meant that Ha was accepted and Ho was rejected. So, graphic organizer strategy significantly affects the students’ ability in mastering writing.   Kata Kunci: graphic organizer strategy, teaching and learning, writing narrative paragraph

scholarly journals The Effect of Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) Model With Outdoor Approach Towards the Students’ Ability of Mathematical Representation

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermawan Gatot Priyadi ◽  
◽  
Yumiati Yumiati
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Mathematical Representation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Contextual Teaching ◽  
Experimental Group

This study aimed to determine the effect of the implementation of the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) model with the outdoor approach towards students’ ability in mathematical representation. It was quasi-experimental research consisting of two experimental classes and one control group. It used a pretest-posttest control group design. The population of this study was the students of SUPM Tegal. Sampling was conducted using cluster random consisting of three classes. The first experimental group was carried out by implementing the learning model of CTL with the outdoor approach. The second experimental group was carried out by implementing a learning model of CTL, while the control group was conducted by implementing a conventional learning model. The research instrument was a 7-point mathematical representation test in the form of an essay. The results of the research were 1) the learning model of CTL with an outdoor approach affected the improvement and achievement of the students’ ability in mathematical representation and was higher than CTL and a conventional learning; 2) the improvement of the students’ ability of representation in the groups of CTL with outdoor approach, CTL, and conventional learning respectively was in high, medium, and low category.

scholarly journals Penggunaan Smart Mind Map dalam Pdp Pendidikan Moral

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jahidih Saili ◽  
Azmil Hashim ◽  
Nurul Hamimi Awang Japilan
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Moral Education ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Two Phases

This research identified the effectiveness of using Smart Mind Map in the teaching and learning of Moral education at Institut Kemahiran MARA (IKM) Bintulu. This quantitative study was conducted in two phases. The first phase employed a survey design and the survey data were obtained by using the questionnaire instrument while the second phase is employed a quasi-experimental design. A total of 47 students involved in this research. The validity of the data was determined by establishing reference from a panel of experts. The quantitative data were analysed descriptively and were inferred to obtain frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. As a result, it was found that the reliability of the instrument that was assessed via alpha Cronbach had been high, which was >80. The results show that the attitude of students is high and the use of Smart Mind Map provides a variety of benefits to students in the teaching and learning of Moral education. Quasi-experiments showed that the use of Smart Mind Map effective in improving students academic achievement. Thus, the use of Smart Mind Map need to be underway again and continuous efforts should be done to improve the function and effectiveness of Smart Mind Map in the teaching and learning of Moral education.

scholarly journals PENGARUH METODE EXAMPLE NON EXAMPLE TERHADAP KOMPETENSI IPA PESERTA DIDIK PADA MATERI INTERAKSI MAKHLUK HIDUP

Ta dib ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Lufri Lufri ◽  
Amrianto Amrianto ◽  
Azwir Anhar
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Is Implementation ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Asking Questions ◽  
Spss Software

Preliminarily, it was found that there are some problems faced by teachers in teaching and learning process. The problems are the teachers still implement classical rather than cooperative learning. Moreover, it is hard for them to make students active in the classroom, especially in asking questions and delivering ideas or opinions. Furthermore, it is also hard for them to develop students' curiosity in learning process. To overcome these problems, one solution which can be used is implementation of example non example method. The purpose of the research was to know the effect of example non example method on students' competence. It was a quasi experimental research. It was done in SMPN 18 Padang to VII grade students. Purposive sampling technique was used to take samples. The data were obteined through observation sheets for psychomotor competence. The technique of data analysis used Mann-Whitney U-Test in assistance of SPSS software. The findings show that the example non example method has significant effect on students' psychomotor competence.

scholarly journals PENGARUH MODEL CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS IV SDN CIKOKO 03 JAKARTA SELATAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurkamila Nurkamila ◽  
Winda Amelia
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Contextual Teaching

This study aims to determine the effect of the Contextual Teaching and Learning Model on the Mathematics Problem Solving Ability of Class IV Students on Fractions. This research was conducted at SDN Cikoko 03 with a sample of fourth grade students in the first semester of the 2020/2021 school year. Samples were taken using the Cluster Random Sampling technique. The method used is a quasi-experimental research method (quasi experimental research) with a pretest-posttest control group design research design. The data was collected using an instrument in the form of descriptions that have been theoretically and empirically validated. The data obtained were analyzed using the normality test with the Liliefors test, and the homogeneity test with the Bartlett test. The results of the normality and homogeneity tests show that the data are normally distributed and the class is homogeneous. Furthermore, the data were analyzed by t-test. The results of t-test calculations, obtained t count of 8.25 and t table of 1.99 for the significant level ∝ = 0.05 and dk = 62, so that t count is greater than t table (8.25> 1.99), then the hypothesis zero null hypothesis (H0) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (H1) is accepted. Thus, it can be concluded that the Contextual Teaching and Learning model has a positive and significant effect on students' mathematical problem solving abilities.

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