Power as Active Self

2018 ◽  
pp. 644-670
Author(s):  
Ana Guinote ◽  
Serena Chen
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Goal Directed Behavior

Philosophers, scientists, policymakers, and the public have questioned about who ascends to power and how power affects the person. This chapter reviews and discusses social–cognitive literature from the last decade or so that examines how dispositions and contextual factors affect the emergence of power and how having power affects the links between dispositions and behavior. Following a process-based perspective that contemplates the cognitive strategies of people in power, a model is proposed of power as a magnifier of the active self—that is, the subset of self-knowledge that is active on a moment-to-moment basis. The active self channels attention and action in line with priorities and plays a key role in action facilitation and goal-directed behavior. The active self is responsive to chronic dispositions, emotions, and current states of the person and to inputs from the environment in a flexible manner. Extant research is integrated based on this model.

PERAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PEMBAYARAN RETRIBUSI SAMPAH DI KOTA SAMARINDA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Abd Rachim AF,
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
The Public ◽  
And Behavior

One of the environmental problems in urban areas is the pollution caused by garbage. The waste problem is caused by various factors such as population growth, living standards changes, lifestyles and behavior, as well as how the waste management system. This study aims to determine how the role of society to levy payments garbage in Samarinda. This research was descriptive; where the data is collected then compiled, described and analyzed used relative frequency analysis. The participation of the public to pay a "levy junk", which stated to pay 96.67%, for each month and the rates stated society cheap, moderate and fairly, respectively 46.08%, 21.21%, 21.04%. Base on the data , the role of the community to pay "levy junk" quite high.

Fashioning the Baroque Male

2019 ◽  
pp. 118-148
Author(s):  
Martha Hollander
Keyword(s):  
Civil Servants ◽  
Conduct Books ◽  
The Public ◽  
And Behavior

What did it mean to be a man in Baroque Europe? The answer was crucial for men aspiring to success, whether in everyday society or in the rarefied culture of the court. While the concept of manliness was defined by clothing and articulated in conduct books, it was most clearly demonstrated in portraits. Portraits involved not just likenesses but the carefully arranged iconography of clothes and accessories, how they were worn, and their associations. The masculine ideal shifted perpetually from looseness to restraint, from sensitivity to strength, from meditation to sociability. A survey of portraits over a 150-year period reveals how the civil servants of Europe, equipped with their knowledge of fashion and behavior and sustained by the skills of artists, achieved a complex, dignified version of the public masculine self.

scholarly journals To sext or not to sext. The role of social-cognitive processes in the decision to engage in sexting

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1410-1429
Author(s):  
Claire Wilson ◽  
Tommy van Steen ◽  
Christabel Akinyode ◽  
Zara P. Brodie ◽  
Graham G. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Relationship Status ◽  
Injunctive Norm ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Insight Into

Technology has given rise to online behaviors such as sexting. It is important that we examine predictors of such behavior in order to understand who is more likely to sext and thus inform intervention aimed at sexting awareness. We used the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to examine sexting beliefs and behavior. Participants (n = 418; 70.3% women) completed questionnaires assessing attitudes (instrumental and affective), subjective norms (injunctive and descriptive), control perceptions (self-efficacy and controllability) and intentions toward sexting. Specific sexting beliefs (fun/carefree beliefs, perceived risks and relational expectations) were also measured and sexting behavior reported. Relationship status, instrumental attitude, injunctive norm, descriptive norm and self-efficacy were associated with sexting intentions. Relationship status, intentions and self-efficacy related to sexting behavior. Results provide insight into the social-cognitive factors related to individuals’ sexting behavior and bring us closer to understanding what beliefs predict the behavior.

scholarly journals The Public Domain: Surveillance in Everyday Life

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Marwick
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Social Boundaries ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ethnographic Studies ◽  
Power Differentials ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Traditional Surveillance

People create profiles on social network sites and Twitter accounts against the background of an audience. This paper argues that closely examining content created by others and looking at one’s own content through other people’s eyes, a common part of social media use, should be framed as social surveillance. While social surveillance is distinguished from traditional surveillance along three axes (power, hierarchy, and reciprocity), its effects and behavior modification is common to traditional surveillance. Drawing on ethnographic studies of United States populations, I look at social surveillance, how it is practiced, and its impact on people who engage in it. I use Foucault’s concept of capillaries of power to demonstrate that social surveillance assumes the power differentials evident in everyday interactions rather than the hierarchical power relationships assumed in much of the surveillance literature. Social media involves a collapse of social contexts and social roles, complicating boundary work but facilitating social surveillance. Individuals strategically reveal, disclose and conceal personal information to create connections with others and tend social boundaries. These processes are normal parts of day-to-day life in communities that are highly connected through social media.

scholarly journals The Islamic Concept of Happiness: Psychological Analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 923-950
Author(s):  
O. S. Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Moral Psychology ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Public ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Psychological Analysis ◽  
Modern Psychology ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Health And Well Being

The article is devoted to the study of the Islamic concept of happiness from the standpoint of psychological science. Two approaches to the understanding of happiness, originating in Antiquity, are considered: hedonistic and eudemonistic; the cultural specifi city of happiness is investigated through the prism of ethnocultural values. It outlines the views on psychological health and well-being in Islam, as well as the views on social and individual predictors of happiness of medieval and modern Muslim scholars. The author concludes that the concept of happiness and the idea of it has its own specifi city in diff erent cultures. The concept of happiness among Muslims is directly related to their religious values and worldview, as well as to the peculiarities of ethnic culture. Since Muslim communities are collectivist, the happiness of an individual is seen as closely related to the public good. For a Muslim, the path to happiness is associated with improving his character and the formation of moral values and behavior. Modern Psychology and Psychotherapy are developing the ideas about moral psychology and the ways of its formation as the basis for the psychological wellbeing of an individual.

scholarly journals A Framework of Observer-Based Biases in Citizen Science Biodiversity Monitoring: Semi-Structuring Unstructured Biodiversity Monitoring Protocols

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofer Arazy ◽  
Dan Malkinson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Biodiversity Monitoring ◽  
Biodiversity Data ◽  
Science Data ◽  
The Public ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Monitoring Protocols ◽  
And Behavior

Citizen science, whereby ordinary citizens participate in scientific endeavors, is widely used for biodiversity monitoring, most commonly by relying on unstructured monitoring approaches. Notwithstanding the potential of unstructured citizen science to engage the public and collect large amounts of biodiversity data, observers’ considerations regarding what, where and when to monitor result in biases in the aggregate database, thus impeding the ability to draw conclusions about trends in species’ spatio-temporal distribution. Hence, the goal of this study is to enhance our understanding of observer-based biases in citizen science for biodiversity monitoring. Toward this goals we: (a) develop a conceptual framework of observers’ decision-making process along the steps of monitor – > record and share, identifying the considerations that take place at each step, specifically highlighting the factors that influence the decisions of whether to record an observation (b) propose an approach for operationalizing the framework using a targeted and focused questionnaire, which gauges observers’ preferences and behavior throughout the decision-making steps, and (c) illustrate the questionnaire’s ability to capture the factors driving observer-based biases by employing data from a local project on the iNaturalist platform. Our discussion highlights the paper’s theoretical contributions and proposes ways in which our approach for semi-structuring unstructured citizen science data could be used to mitigate observer-based biases, potentially making the collected biodiversity data usable for scientific and regulatory purposes.

scholarly journals ESTILOS DE APRENDIZAJE ÉTICO - SOSTENIBLE DEL CONTADOR PÚBLICO

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 13-41
Author(s):  
FEIBERT GUZMAN ◽  
◽  
LINA MAYA ◽  
LUIS PEREZ ◽  
MARIO FLOREZ
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Learning Styles ◽  
Iso 26000 ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact

This paper, show the impact that the use of the Ethical-Sustainable reference framework (emphasis on Corporate Social Responsibility- ISO 26000) and behavior with social and ethical responsibility of the population has on the teaching-learning process, object of study. Methodologically and with the support of the multivariable statistical method, teacher-student learning styles are validated in terms of emotional intelligence, developing critical thinking that potentializes autonomous and collaborative learning, with the aim of transcending knowledge under the framework of integration of sustainability and ethics in professional practice. Finally, the measurement indicators are obtained through empirical evidence with several structured questionnaires that measure the factors of the learning styles, based on the emotional intelligence, which are reflected in the self-knowledge and behavior of the students, under a framework of ethical- sustainable reference.

scholarly journals Pemilihan Masker Standar Pencegahan Penularan Covid-19 di Kelurahan Talang Banjar

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Iin Indrawati ◽  
Faridah Faridah
Keyword(s):  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Service Activity ◽  
Life Habits ◽  
People’S Attitudes ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Behavior

In Indonesia, currently they are still fighting the Corona / Covid 19 Virus, as well as in other countries. The number of cases affected by patients continues to grow. In several reports reported recovery, but not a few who died. Information dissemination aims to change people's attitudes, beliefs and behavior through providing information and raising awareness that a problem that arises can be overcome, especially in terms of preventing the transmission of Covid 19 through the selection and use of good and correct masks.Providing correct knowledge to the public can be done in various ways, one of which is by directly socializing the knowledge that will be given. This community service activity is carried out by extension methods, distributing information brochures, distributing masks and directly teaching the community how to use masks and choosing the right and good masks.After health education was carried out, the community understood and wanted to choose masks and use masks correctly. The public also understands the importance of taking preventive measures so as not to be infected or exposed to the Covid 19 virus.Health education activities should be carried out routinely by health workers in order to improve public health by changing people's life habits to be clean and healthy ones

scholarly journals Connective Effervescence and Streaming Chat During Political Debates

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Ventura ◽  
Kevin Munger ◽  
Katherine McCabe ◽  
Keng-Chi Chang
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Debates ◽  
The Public ◽  
Fox News ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Facebook Pages ◽  
Online Streaming ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

Recent advancements in online streaming technologies have re-centered the audience as an important part of live broadcasts, including live political events. In fall 2020, each of the U.S. presidential and vice presidential debates were streamed on a number of online platforms that provided an integrated streaming chat where the public could comment in real-time alongside the live debate video. Viewers could simultaneously tune into what the candidates were saying and see what a sample of their peers thought about the candidates. This study examines large samples of comments made in social chat feeds during the livestreamed debates on the ABC News, NBC News, and Fox News Facebook pages to quantify key features associated with the quality of political discussion on these platforms. The results reveal that consistent with the quasi-anonymous, constrained nature of dynamic chat, the comments made are generally short, include a substantial degree of toxicity and insults, and differ significantly in their content across platforms. These findings underscore the importance of further study of online streaming chat as a new source of potential influence on political attitudes and behavior.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior Related to COVID-19 Testing: A Rapid Scoping Review

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1685
Author(s):  
Imogen Bevan ◽  
Mats Stage Baxter ◽  
Helen R. Stagg ◽  
Alice Street
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
The Public ◽  
Testing Uptake ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

Testing programs for COVID-19 depend on the voluntary actions of members of the public for their success. Understanding people’s knowledge, attitudes, and behavior related to COVID-19 testing is, therefore, key to the design of effective testing programs worldwide. This paper reports on the findings of a rapid scoping review to map the extent, characteristics, and scope of social science research on COVID-19 testing and identifies key themes from the literature. Main findings include the discoveries that people are largely accepting of testing technologies and guidelines and that a sense of social solidarity is a key motivator of testing uptake. The main barriers to accessing and undertaking testing include uncertainty about eligibility and how to access tests, difficulty interpreting symptoms, logistical issues including transport to and from test sites and the discomfort of sample extraction, and concerns about the consequences of a positive result. The review found that existing research was limited in depth and scope. More research employing longitudinal and qualitative methods based in under-resourced settings and examining intersections between testing and experiences of social, political, and economic vulnerability is needed. Last, the findings of this review suggest that testing should be understood as a social process that is inseparable from processes of contact tracing and isolation and is embedded in people’s everyday routines, livelihoods and relationships.

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