The Development of Purpose

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-127
Author(s):  
William Damon ◽  
Heather Malin
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Character Strengths ◽  
Religious Schools ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Unique Character ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Vocational Goals ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Psychological Capacities

Purpose is a unique character strength that develops over the life span, beginning with the formulation of personal, family, and vocational goals in early adolescence. A growing body of research has produced a clear picture, international and multicultural in scope, of how purpose is acquired and sustained, how purpose functions, how new purposes evolve over the life span, and how purpose relates to other character strengths and psychological capacities. The chapter presents a psychological definition of purpose, describes the dynamics of purpose development, and reviews studies of purpose across a variety of cultural contexts. The chapter also discusses education for purpose in secular and religious schools.

Positive Workplaces

2009 ◽  
pp. 578-588
Author(s):  
Fred Luthans ◽  
Carolyn M. Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Positive Organizational Behavior ◽  
Performance Impact ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Psychological Capacities

Over the years, both management practitioners and academics have generally assumed that positive workplaces lead to desired outcomes. Unlike psychology, considerable attention has also been devoted to the study of positive topics such as job satisfaction and organizational commitment. However, to place a scientifically based focus on the role that positivity may play in the development and performance of human resources, and largely stimulated by the positive psychology initiative, positive organizational behavior (POB) and psychological capital (PsyCap) have recently been introduced into the management literature. This chapter first provides an overview of both the historical and contemporary positive approaches to the workplace. Then, more specific attention is given to the meaning and domain of POB and PsyCap. Our definition of POB includes positive psychological capacities or resources that can be validly measured, developed, and have performance impact. The constructs that have been determined so far to best meet these criteria are efficacy, hope, optimism, and resiliency. When combined, they have been demonstrated to form the core construct of what we term psychological capital (PsyCap). A measure of PsyCap is being validated and this chapter references the increasing number of studies indicating that PsyCap can be developed and have performance impact. The chapter concludes with important future research directions that can help better understand and build positive workplaces to meet current and looming challenges.

Religious freedom and the ‘right to discriminate’ in the school admissions context: a neo-republican critique

Legal Studies ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eoin Daly ◽  
Tom Hickey
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Religious Discrimination ◽  
Religious Schools ◽  
The Public ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Right ◽  
Republican Theory ◽  
Faith Schools

In law and discourse, it has typically been assumed that the religious freedom of state-funded religious schools must trump any competing right to non-discrimination on grounds of belief. For example, the Irish Constitution has been interpreted as requiring the broad exemption of denominational schools from the statutory prohibition on religious discrimination in school admissions. This stance is mirrored in the UK Equality Act 2010. Thus, religious discrimination in the public education context has been rationalised with reference to a ‘liberty-equality dichotomy’, which prioritises the integrity of faith schools' ‘ethos’, as an imperative of religious freedom. We argue that this familiar conceptual dichotomy generates a novel set of absurdities in this peculiar context. We suggest that the construction of religious freedom and non-discrimination as separate and antagonistic values rests on a conceptually flawed definition of religious freedom itself, which overlooks the necessary dependence of religious freedom on non-discrimination. Furthermore, it overstates the necessity, to religious freedom, of religious schools' ‘right to discriminate’. We argue for an alternative ordering of the values of religious freedom and non-discrimination – which we locate within the neo-republican theory of freedom as non-domination.

An Examination of Women's Perspectives on Power

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia L. Miller ◽  
A. Gaye Cummins
Keyword(s):  
Women’S Experiences ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Women's Experiences ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Personal Authority ◽  
Women’S Perceptions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Men's Experience ◽  
The Way

Historically, theoretical and popular conceptions about power have not included or addressed women's experiences. This study adds to the growing body of knowledge about women by examining women's perceptions of and relationship to power. One hundred twenty-five women, ranging in age from 21 to 63, were asked to define and explore power through a variety of structured and open-ended questions. The results showed that women's definition of power differed significantly from their perception of society's definition of power, as well as from the way power has traditionally been conceptualized. More theoretical and empirical attention should be given to understanding the role of personal authority in both women's and men's experience of power.

scholarly journals Kobiece reguły gry. Spór o kobiety w dialogu Il merito delle donne Moderaty Fonte

Terminus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3 (56)) ◽  
pp. 209-232
Author(s):  
Maja Skowron
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Lively Discussion ◽  
Ordinary Life ◽  
Querelle Des Femmes ◽  
Unique Character ◽  
Famous Book ◽  
Johan Huizinga ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Voluntary Basis ◽  
Rules Of The Game

Women’s Rules of the Game: A Dispute over Women in the Dialogue Il merito delle donne by Moderata Fonte This paper concerns Moderata Fonte (Modesta dal Pozzo), a female Venetian writer who lived in the 16th century, and a dialogue she wrote, Il merito delle donne (On the Value of Women), in which seven women gathered in a garden have a lively discussion about men and their flaws. The author of the study presents the book and Fonte’s biography in the context of the early-modern dispute over women (querelle des femmes). She then analyses Il merito delle donne in terms of the functionality of both the genre in which it was written and the convention of play (game) that is relevant to the work, in order to answer the question of the importance of these devices for the topic Fonte raises. Skowron writes about what makes Il merito delle donne different from other dialogues published at the time by women, as well as from Balthazar Castiglione’s famous Book of the Courtier (Il libro del Cortegiano), and in discussing the motif of the play she uses the definition of the ludic element of Johan Huizinga of Homo ludens. She points to the presence of particular determinants of play in Il merito delle donne, wondering how the voluntary basis of the game, limited time and space, imposed rules or a situation different from ordinary life affect the female characters’ freedom to express their opinions in discussion, as well as the reception of the work itself. Il merito delle donne owes its unique character to its form because it allows not only different views in a dispute over women to be presented, but above all it involves the reader in a discussion which does not end with the last page of the dialogue.

scholarly journals Strenghts of Character of Personal Growth: Structure and Relations with the Big Five in the Brazilian Context

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Porto Noronha ◽  
Cristian Zanon
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Character Strengths ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Growth Structure ◽  
Three Factor

Abstract The structure of character strengths and virtues in different cultural contexts across the globe has failed to recover the six-factor solution originally proposed by Peterson and Seligman. This study aims to assess the structure of the Character Strengths Scale, a test created to assess character strengths and virtues and the association between these strengths and personality factors in the Brazilian context. The sample was made up of 981 undergraduate students (60.5% female) aged between 17 and 26 years (M = 20.7, SD = 2.2), who responded the Character Strengths Scale and Personality Factors Battery. Exploratory factor analysis indicated that the three-factor solution was the most theoretically appropriate, identifying the following factors: Intellectual Strengths, Intrapersonal Strengths and Collectivism, and Transcendence. Regression analysis showed that three personality factors (conscientiousness, extraversion and neuroticism) are relevant predictors of these strengths, explaining a considerable amount of variance. The implications of the findings are presented, suggesting that high levels of neuroticism may impair the flourishing of strengths.

Music, Science, and Culture

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
CROSS IAN
Keyword(s):  
Operational Definition ◽  
Complex Pattern ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Science And Culture ◽  
Human Capacity ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Evolutionary Emergence ◽  
Culturally Embedded

Music is conceptualized as a product and a process of imagination. It is often assumed that engagement in music initiates the developmental and evolutionary emergence of imagination. This conception of music and its relationship to human powers of imagining is treated differently in science and musicology. For science, music is simply a complex pattern of sound or the experience of structured sound. For musicology and ethnomusicology, music cannot be separated from the cultural contexts in which they are embedded. This chapter proposes a broad operational definition of music which can be acceptable and applicable cross-naturally. This radical redefinition of music may provide ways of understanding music as both a culturally embedded practice and biologically grounded structure. Apart from providing a redefinition of music, the chapter also investigates some of the potential implications and consequences of this radical redefinition of music such as the possibility that the human capacity for culture may have been supported and consolidated by the emergence and presence of musicality.

Development of the Life Story in Early Adolescence

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina L. Steiner ◽  
David B. Pillemer
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Life Stories ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Single Event ◽  
Life Narrative ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Causal Coherence

Life span developmental psychology proposes that the ability to create a coherent life narrative does not develop until early adolescence. Using a novel methodology, 10-, 12-, and 14-year-old participants were asked to tell their life stories aloud to a researcher. Later, participants separated their transcribed narratives into self-identified chapters. When life stories were assessed with measures of temporal and causal coherence, most participants in all age groups were able to tell a linear and coherent narrative. The 10-year-olds were more likely to start their narratives after birth and to use single event chapters in their stories, but they did not differ significantly from older participants in terms of the coherence or chronology of their chapters. This novel method for analyzing life narratives both supports and extends prior research on the development of life stories in adolescence.

scholarly journals Dietary Modulation of the Epigenome

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 667-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Folami Y. Ideraabdullah ◽  
Steven H. Zeisel
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Code ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Dietary Modulation ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Physiological Outcomes ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Organismal Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Complex Manner

Epigenetics is the study of heritable mechanisms that can modify gene activity and phenotype without modifying the genetic code. The basis for the concept of epigenetics originated more than 2,000 yr ago as a theory to explain organismal development. However, the definition of epigenetics continues to evolve as we identify more of the components that make up the epigenome and dissect the complex manner by which they regulate and are regulated by cellular functions. A substantial and growing body of research shows that nutrition plays a significant role in regulating the epigenome. Here, we critically assess this diverse body of evidence elucidating the role of nutrition in modulating the epigenome and summarize the impact such changes have on molecular and physiological outcomes with regards to human health.

scholarly journals Almanach antropologiczny. Communicare. Tom 8. Miasta/Zwierzęta

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Local Characteristics ◽  
Interesting Study ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century ◽  
Interspecies Relations

An interesting study on interspecies relations in cities, set in concrete cultural phenomena. It is a radical re-definition of human-animal relations, an analysis of mutual dependencies, a description of complexity and dynamics of changes in urban spaces. On the one hand, the publications refers to various cultural contexts, on the other hand, it shows local characteristics of the presented phenomena and the Polish perspective, which includes different towns. The book may inspire reflections on relations between humans and animals in future cities as well as the ways of organising them, especially in the context of the 19th and 20th century modernising movements.

scholarly journals Faculty Work as Philanthropy or Philanthropy as Faculty Work?

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
Cagla Okten ◽  
Kerim Peren Arin
Keyword(s):  
Public Good ◽  
Review Essay ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Institutional Structure ◽  
Voluntary Action ◽  
Faculty Work ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
The Public ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The U.S

Employing Robert Payton’s (1988) definition of philanthropy, “Voluntary action for the public good” (p. 4), Faculty Work and the Public Good:  Philanthropy, Engagement, and Academic Professionalism offers a fresh look at faculty work as philanthropy. The purpose of this review essay is to provide a brief review of some of the key propositions in this book and to explore how faculty work as philanthropy may be understood in non-U.S. cultural contexts. We start our exploration of faculty work as philanthropy in non-U.S. contexts by examining this construct in the U.S. as presented by Faculty Work and the Public Good and by laying out key forces that it sets forth as shaping faculty work as philanthropic practice: institutional structure and employment frameworks, resource constraints, and discretionary constraints.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document