The Epistemic Role of Technical Functions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Preston
Keyword(s):  
Natural Kinds ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
The Common ◽  
Technical Functions ◽  
Analysis Of Function ◽  
Epistemic Role ◽  
Special Case ◽  
The Continuum

Technical functions of artifacts are commonly distinguished from their social functions and from biological functions of organisms. Schemes for classifying functions often encounter what the author calls the continuum problem—the imperceptible merger of function kinds. This is a special case of a debate about natural kinds in philosophy of science, which has resulted in a turn to an epistemological construal of kinds, in contrast to the traditional, purely ontological construal. The author argues for an epistemic analysis of function kinds along the lines of John Dupré’s (1993) “promiscuous realism.” This provides leverage for asking new and important questions about the epistemic purposes served by our various schemes for classifying artifact functions, and about the epistemic role of technical functions in particular. The author argues that the common classification into technical, social, and biological functions has more disadvantages than it has advantages.

POLA ASUH ORANG TUA PEGUNUNGAN TERHADAP ANAK DALAM KELUARGA SUKU TENGGER : STUDI DI DUSUN KRAJAN ARGOSARI LUMAJANG

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-311
Author(s):  
Fagholi Rohman ◽  
Maria Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Role Of Parents

Parenting is  very urgent thing for the growth and development of children's future.The role of parents to the children's education, social functions, protection, affection, religiosity and economy as well as recreational and biological functions greatly affect how the results of parenting patterns against the child. It can be categorized from several types of parenting. This article discusses about how uniqueness parents' parenting, family custom of tengger krajan hamlet. (1) How the parenting for children in famil Tengger area ?; (2) How is the harmony between parents' expectations and heredity conditions in Tengger area. The discussion approach used by the researcher that is descriptive qualitative approach with the research grounded theory model to get the description of reality that is happening in description and making reader can describe the condition carefully.This research has produced a pattern worthy of being called a new pattern that is static, rooted and related to various aspects of custom so that it is not included in the previous parenting styles and can serve as a guideline for further research assets. With different locations and research subjects, it will give birth to data that supports the existence of other uniqueness that has not been previously covered in existing theories.                 ang tua merupakan hal yang sangat urgen bagi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak untuk masa depan. peran orang tua terhadap pendidikan anak, fungsi sosial, proteksi, afeksi, religiusitas dan ekonomi serta fungsi rekreasi dan biologis sangat mempengaruhi bagaiamana hasil pola asuh orang tua terhadap anaknya. hal tersebut dapat dikategorikan dari beberapa jenis-jenis pola asuh.  artikel ini membahas tentang bagaimana keunikan pola asuh orang tua, adat keluarga tengger dusun krajan. (1) Bagaimana pola asuh anak dalam keluarga di kawasana Tengger?; (2) Bagaimana keselarasan antara harapan orang tua dan kondisi keturunan dikawasan Tengger. Pendekatan yang digunakan oleh peneliti yaitu pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan model penelitian grounded Theory demi mendapatkan gambaran realita yang tengah terjadi secara deskripsi dan memungkinkan pembaca dapat menggambarkan keadaan dengan seksama. Penelitian ini telah menghasilkan bentuk pola yang layak untuk dinamakan pola baru yang bersifat statis, mengakar dan bersangkut paut dengan berbagai aspek adat sehingga tidak termasuk dalam kategori-kategori pola asuh sebelumnya dan dapat menjadi pedoman dalam rangka modal penelitian selanjutnya. Dengan lokasi dan subjek penelitian yang berbeda, akan melahirkan data yang mendukung adanya keunikan-keunikan lain yang belum tercover sebelumnya dalam teori-teori yang ada.

Cogeneration potential in Colombian sugar factories

2010 ◽  
pp. 561-565
Author(s):  
Edgar F. Castillo ◽  
Adolfo L. Gómez ◽  
Diego Cobo ◽  
Carlos Aguirre
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Sugar Factory ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Common ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Typical Process

Nowadays, the Colombian sugar industry is involved in an expansion process, mainly related to the diversification of final products. In this way, since 2005 five ethanol distilleries have been running, covering just 65% of total ethanol demand. The distilleries were designed coupled with a composting plant, based on vinasses and carbonatation sludge from the sugar factory. Both distilleries and composting plants show many features which make them a special case in the ethanol market, so they produce a maximum of 3 L vinasse/L ethanol. Besides, in all cases, the thermal and electrical power requirements in the ethanol plant are supplied by the sugar factory. In this paper, a brief description of technological features of the typical process configuration followed by the Colombian sugar industry is shown. It comprises the steam consumption distribution by sections, the common configuration of the heat exchanger network (HEN) developed for bleed vapor usage and the role of energy self-sufficiency of the factory played by the bagasse quality. A set of possible scenarios for improving energy efficiency in a selected sugar factory which comprises a modified HEN can be formulated, including a revamping of the existing boiler and finally a new boiler operating at higher pressure. Based on the previous information, the state of the main Colombian cogeneration projects based on sugarcane and its potential impact on the national energy supply is shown. Finally, the paper describes how Colombian governmental requirements for cogeneration plants are trying to establish a legal framework for this novel industrial activity in the country.

The continuum between neurodegeneration, brain plasticity, and movement: a critical appraisal

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 723-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommaso Schirinzi ◽  
Marco Canevelli ◽  
Antonio Suppa ◽  
Matteo Bologna ◽  
Luca Marsili
Keyword(s):  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Disturbances ◽  
The Common ◽  
Neurodegenerative Dementias ◽  
Pure Motor ◽  
The Continuum

AbstractWhile the “physiological” aging process is associated with declines in motor and cognitive features, these changes do not significantly impair functions and activities of daily living. Differently, motor and cognitive impairment constitute the most common phenotypic expressions of neurodegeneration. Both manifestations frequently coexist in the same disease, thus making difficult to detect “pure” motor or cognitive conditions. Movement disorders are often characterized by cognitive disturbances, and neurodegenerative dementias often exhibit the occurrence of movement disorders. Such a phenotypic overlap suggests approaching these conditions by highlighting the commonalities of entities traditionally considered distinct. In the present review, we critically reappraised the common clinical and pathophysiological aspects of neurodegeneration in both animal models and patients, looking at motricity as a trait d’union over the spectrum of neurodegeneration and focusing on synaptopathy and oscillopathy as the common pathogenic background. Finally, we discussed the possible role of movement as neuroprotective intervention in neurodegenerative conditions, regardless of the etiology. The identification of commonalities is critical to drive future research and develop novel possible disease-modifying interventions.

scholarly journals The Role of 3′ to 5′ Reverse RNA Polymerization in tRNA Fidelity and Repair

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan W. Chen ◽  
Malithi I. Jayasinghe ◽  
Christina Z. Chung ◽  
Bhalchandra S. Rao ◽  
Rosan Kenana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Functions ◽  
Protein Activity ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Current State ◽  
Multiple Reactions ◽  
Rna Polymerization ◽  
Domains Of Life ◽  
The Common ◽  
Exciting Possibility

The tRNAHis guanylyltransferase (Thg1) superfamily includes enzymes that are found in all three domains of life that all share the common ability to catalyze the 3′ to 5′ synthesis of nucleic acids. This catalytic activity, which is the reverse of all other known DNA and RNA polymerases, makes this enzyme family a subject of biological and mechanistic interest. Previous biochemical, structural, and genetic investigations of multiple members of this family have revealed that Thg1 enzymes use the 3′ to 5′ chemistry for multiple reactions in biology. Here, we describe the current state of knowledge regarding the catalytic features and biological functions that have been so far associated with Thg1 and its homologs. Progress toward the exciting possibility of utilizing this unusual protein activity for applications in biotechnology is also discussed.

On everyday academic research

2017 ◽  
pp. 98-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tirole
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
The Common ◽  
Verification Of Models ◽  
Science And Research

In the fourth chapter of the book “The economy of the common good”, the nature of economics as a science and research practices in their theoretical and empirical aspects are discussed. The author considers the processes of modeling, empirical verification of models and evaluation of research quality. In addition, the features of economic cognition and the role of mathematics in economic research are analyzed, including the example of relevant research in game theory and information theory.

Contemplative Principles of a Non-dual Praxis: the Unmediated Practices of the Tibetan ‘Heart Essence’ (sNying thig) Tradition

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-240
Author(s):  
Eran Laish
Keyword(s):  
Contemplative Practice ◽  
Tibetan Buddhist ◽  
Buddhist Tradition ◽  
The Common

This article focuses on the main contemplative principles of the ‘Heart Essence’ (sNying thig), a Tibetan Buddhist tradition that is characterized by a vision of non-duality and primordial wholeness. Due to this vision, which asserts an original reality that is not divided into perceiving subject and perceived object, the ‘Heart Essence’ advocates a contemplative practice that undermines the usual intuitions of temporality and enclosed selfhood. Hence, unlike the common principles of intentional praxis, such as deliberate concentration and gradual purification, the ‘Heart Essence’ affirms four contemplative principles of non-objectiveness, openness, spontaneity and singleness. As these principles transcend intentionality, temporality, and multiplicity, they are seen to directly disclose the nature of primordial awareness, in which the meanings of knowing and being are radically transformed. Therefore, the article will also consider the role of these non-dual contemplative principles in deeply changing our understanding of being and knowing alike.

Charles de Gaulle and European Community

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-3) ◽  
pp. 70-81
Author(s):  
David Ramiro Troitino ◽  
Tanel Kerikmae ◽  
Olga Shumilo
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
European Community ◽  
World War ◽  
Charles De Gaulle ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Post War ◽  
De Gaulle

This article highlights the role of Charles de Gaulle in the history of united post-war Europe, his approaches to the internal and foreign French policies, also vetoing the membership of the United Kingdom in the European Community. The authors describe the emergence of De Gaulle as a politician, his uneasy relationship with Roosevelt and Churchill during World War II, also the roots of developing a “nationalistic” approach to regional policy after the end of the war. The article also considers the emergence of the Common Agricultural Policy (hereinafter - CAP), one of Charles de Gaulle’s biggest achievements in foreign policy, and the reasons for the Fouchet Plan defeat.

“There is such a situation that Comrade Svoboda is under pressure”. The Soviet leadership and the settlement of relations with Czechoslovakia. May 1969

2019 ◽  
pp. 512-519
Author(s):  
Teymur Dzhalilov ◽  
Nikita Pivovarov
Keyword(s):  
Central Committee ◽  
Secretary General ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
The Political ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Soviet Leadership ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common

The published document is a part of the working record of The Secretariat of the CPSU Central Committee on May 5, 1969. The employees of The Common Department of the CPSU Central Committee started writing such working records from the end of 1965. In contrast to the protocols, the working notes include speeches of the secretaries of the Central Committee, that allow to deeper analyze the reactions of the top party leadership, to understand their position regarding the political agenda. The peculiarity of the published document is that the Secretariat of the Central Committee did not deal with the most important foreign policy issues. It was the responsibility of the Politburo. However, it was at a meeting of the Secretariat of the Central Committee when Brezhnev raised the question of inviting G. Husák to Moscow. The latter replaced A. Dubček as the first Secretary of the Communist party of Czechoslovakia in April 1969. As follows from the document, Leonid Brezhnev tried to solve this issue at a meeting of the Politburo, but failed. However, even at the Secretariat of the Central Committee the Leonid Brezhnev’s initiative at the invitation of G. Husák was not supported. The published document reveals to us not only new facets in the mechanisms of decision-making in the CPSU Central Committee, the role of the Secretary General in this process, but also reflects the acute discussions within the Soviet government about the future of the world socialist systems.

The Science of Wisdom in a Polarized World: Knowns and Unknowns

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Grossmann ◽  
Nic M. Weststrate ◽  
Monika Ardelt ◽  
Justin Peter Brienza ◽  
Mengxi Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Cognitive Sciences ◽  
Methodological Challenges ◽  
The Common ◽  
Empirical Approaches ◽  
And Training ◽  
Contextual Differences

Interest in wisdom in the cognitive sciences, psychology, and education has been paralleled by conceptual confusions about its nature and assessment. To clarify these issues and promote consensus in the field, wisdom researchers met in Toronto in July of 2019, resolving disputes through discussion. Guided by a survey of scientists who study wisdom-related constructs, we established a common wisdom model, observing that empirical approaches to wisdom converge on the morally-grounded application of metacognition to reasoning and problem-solving. After outlining the function of relevant metacognitive and moral processes, we critically evaluate existing empirical approaches to measurement and offer recommendations for best practices. In the subsequent sections, we use the common wisdom model to selectively review evidence about the role of individual differences for development and manifestation of wisdom, approaches to wisdom development and training, as well as cultural, subcultural, and social-contextual differences. We conclude by discussing wisdom’s conceptual overlap with a host of other constructs and outline unresolved conceptual and methodological challenges.

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