Ethical Pluralism in Economics

2019 ◽  
pp. 76-95
Author(s):  
Jonathan B. Wight
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Virtue Ethics ◽  
Social Setting ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Ethical Pluralism ◽  
Outcome Goals ◽  
Rational Calculation ◽  
Positive Economics ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Traditional approaches to understanding morality, through evaluating outcomes, analyzing rules, principles, and duty, and adhering to notions of virtue and character, offer competing but also complementary ways of framing conduct in a social setting. Ethical pluralism is the claim that all three methods are, to some degree, useful to positive economics because each provides distinctive insights into human behavior. Each is also useful in normative economics because a single framework has limitations that are solved by introducing elements from the others. The neoclassical economic approach, concerned ostensibly with outcome goals, must consider how economic agents are motivated by duty and virtue ethics considerations. Adam Smith’s virtue ethics, for example, arise from moral sentiments, not rational calculation. In considering the morality of efficiency, a Paretian approach derives ultimately from Kantian considerations, and the Kaldor-Hicks approach relies on background conditions of human rights and other non-outcome based elements.

Sociostructural Aspects of Socio-Economic Development:The role of Economic approach

2014 ◽  
pp. 86-105
Author(s):  
M. Shabanova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Socio Economic Development

The author discusses the importance of studying socio-structural factors of socio-economic development through a broader application of the economic approach. The resources of status positions of economic agents are in the spotlight. A possible platform for interdisciplinary interactions is proposed which allows to increase the contribution of both economics and sociology in improving governance at all levels.

Developing Habits and Knowing What Habits to Develop: A Look at the Role of Virtue in Ethics

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erich H. Loewy
Keyword(s):  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Virtue Ethics ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Working Through ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Better Than

Virtue ethics attempts to identify certain commonly agreed-upon dispositions to act in certain ways, dispositions that would be accepted as ‘good’ by those affected, and to locate the goodness or badness of an act internal to the agent. Basically, virtue ethics is said to date back to Aristotle, but as Alisdair MacIntyre has pointed out, the whole idea of ‘virtue ethics’ would have been unintelligible in Greek philosophy for “a virtue (arete) was an excellence and ethics concerned excellence of character; all ethics was virtue ethics.” Virtue ethics as a method to approach problems in medical ethics is said by some to lend itself to working through cases at the bedside or, at least, is better than the conventional method of handling ethical problems. In this paper I want to explore some of the shortcomings of this approach, examine other traditional approaches, indicate some of their limitations, and suggest a different conceptualization of the approach.

2. Ethics East and West

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-30
Author(s):  
Damien Keown
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Virtue Ethics ◽  
Individual Rights ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Ethical System ◽  
Buddhist Doctrine ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Engaged Buddhism ◽  
East And West

To what extent does Buddhism resemble or differ from Western ethics, and does it constitute an ethical system in itself? ‘Ethics East and West’ looks at Buddhism through the lens of three influential Western theories of ethics: deontology, utilitarianism, and virtue ethics. Some thinkers have classified Buddhism as a form of ‘ethical particularism’, or a pluralist system in which the agent is guided by the demands of each unique situation. Others again see it as a form of ‘perfectionism’ because self-development is an overarching theme in Buddhist teachings. There may also be parallels between Buddhism and classical Western philosophical schools such as Stoicism. In modern times we have seen the emergence of ‘socially engaged Buddhism’ as a movement campaigning for social justice and human rights. But does the idea of individual rights contradict the Buddhist doctrine of ‘no-self’?

Global Human Rights, Peace and Cultural Difference: Huntington and the Political Philosophy of International Relations

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 5-34
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Kersting
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Political Realism ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
Ethical Pluralism ◽  
Culturally Different ◽  
The Face ◽  
Traditional Natural

SummaryIn 1989, the age of power political realism ended. The conditions were set to replace the prevailing Hobbesian model of peace by deterrence with the considerably more challenging Kantian model of peace by right. If, however, Huntington's paradigm of fighting civilizations were right, we would have to forget Kant and remember Hobbes. Sober rationality, healthy distrust, striving for power accumulation and all the other instruments from the realist's toolbox of political prudence are very well suited to facilitate political self-assertion in an age of violently clashing cultures. However, this helplessness is not well grounded. Considering that from the very beginning liberalism is a theory of religious and ethical pluralism and well-experienced in dealing with problems of multiculturalism, it is at least possible to argue for a weak liberal universalism which provides normative foundations for a global order of peacefully living together. Of course, conceptual and moral modesty is crucial. If the human rights doctrine wants to defend its universal claim in the face of cultural diversity (which is defined as culturally different interpretations of a good, true and perfect human life), it has to restrict itself to the conditions of esse: the pre-cultural and sheer natural conditions of human being and human coexistence. However, the formulation of the conditions of bene esse (which enable human flourishing, let persons thrive and furnish human living with sense and significance) has to be left to culture and its authorities and belief systems which buttress a cultural constitution of meaning, both theologically and metaphysically. Traditional natural rights theory knew that both have to go together, and that the esse-enabling duties necessarily enjoy priority. No cultural conception of thriving life and existential significance can be accepted which contradicts the fundamental imperatives and conditions of pure human existence and coexistence.

scholarly journals Personalismo e biodiritto

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Palazzani
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Sulla Base ◽  
Ethical Pluralism ◽  
Practical Convergence ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Relationship

Dopo aver approfondito il significato di ciascuno dei termini, l’Autore indaga sul rapporto tra personalismo e biodiritto, in particolare sulla rilevanza del personalismo per il biodiritto. Se è rintracciabile, infatti, un paradigma tendente a separare o contrapporre personalismo e biodiritto, sulla base di una visione neutrale del diritto (fondata sulla “scientificità del diritto” e il “plularismo etico”), è altresì vero che è possibile riconoscere nel diritto una valenza etica “minimale” (quanto alla valutazione sostanziale) nella difesa della dignità oggettiva dell’essere umano. È in questa prospettiva che è possibile rintracciare una convergenza pratica tra personalismo e biodiritto su cui l’Autore cerca di argomentare anche attraverso la centralità della teoria dei diritti umani. ---------- The Author inquires into the relationship between personalism and biolaw, after making deeper the meanings of these two concepts, and in particular into the importance of personalism for biolaw. If it is findable a paradigm that distinguishes or opposes personalism and biolaw, on the growds of a neutral vision of law (founded on the “scientificity of law” and “ethical pluralism”), is also true that it’s possile to recognize in the law a “minimal” ethical value in defence of the objective dignity of the human being. In this perspective it’s possible to find a practical convergence between personalism and biolaw on which the Author argues through the centrality of theory of “human rights”.

scholarly journals Virtue Ethics and Natural Law Responses to Human Rights Quandaries in Business

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejo José G SISON
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Virtue Ethics ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Practical Wisdom ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Public ◽  
Normative Force ◽  
Business And Human Rights ◽  
Law And Ethics

AbstractThis article is motivated by certain issues for which, in current Business and Human Rights (BHR) discourse, largely framed in terms of the Ruggie reports, no satisfactory solutions have been found to date. These quandaries refer to (a) foundational matters: the link between human rights law and ethics; (b) normative force: the obligatoriness of human rights claims on corporations; and (c) scope and content of human rights claims on corporations. Turning to the virtue ethics and natural law (VENL) tradition, we encounter the following possible responses: (a) positive laws, such as those concerning human rights, ultimately require a basis in natural law; (b) although the public use of the coercive force of law belongs to the state alone, its private use by non-state actors such as individuals and corporations may be legitimate in some cases; and (c) practical wisdom is necessary in the proper interpretation and implementation of human rights claims on corporations, taking into account relevant contingencies. The blending of BHR discourse with the VENL tradition is best captured in modern Catholic Social Teaching (CST). Although historically CST has adopted the VENL language, engagement with social issues in the modern world has enabled it to reach an understanding with rights theory as well, particularly in connection with business and the economy.

scholarly journals Human Security di Papua pada Masa Pemerintahan Jokowi: Tinjauan terhadap Political Security di Papua

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-49
Author(s):  
Ignatius Yonatan
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Security ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
Political Security

The continuing conflict in Papua is a problem that should be given more attention by the current Indonesian government. The problem is not merely a matter of integrity, and economy. However, it is also about human security’s matter, especially, political security in Papua. Until now, Papuans still face different treatment than those in other parts of Indonesia. Violence and abuse of human rights, also other form of cruelty still happen there. As president of Indonesia, Jokowi is expected to be able to solve the political security’s matter in Papua. However, it should be admitted that solving political security’s matter in Papua is not that easy. Nevertheless, Jokowi has shown good intentions to restore Indonesia’s relations with Papua through economic approach. This research will discuss about how human security in Papua under Jokowi with focus on the review of political security in Papua.

Transnational Human Rights Networks

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Tang
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
International Studies ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Research Scholarship ◽  
International Human ◽  
Human Rights Norms ◽  
Traditional Approaches

‘Transnational human rights networks' has become a hot research topic for international human rights studies in recent years. It mainly documents and theorizes the transnationalization or internationalization of human rights norms and practices during the last several decades. It began as a distinctive field of research scholarship and has grown to challenge the traditional approaches to international studies. This review introduces the major tenets of this field and, without downplaying their contribution to international studies, it also tries to point out several problems in the conceptualization, theorization and methodology of the current studies on human rights networks. This critical analysis is followed by some suggestions for future studies.

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